Mongolia proclaimed independence from China in 1911 and established a theocratic state led by the Bogd Khagan. However, Mongolia was not fully independent and remained autonomous under China. In the 1920s, China tried to assert control over Mongolia through military forces but faced resistance from pro-independence groups. Mongolia was then able to restore its independence and establish a provisional people's government that limited the powers of the Bogd. The country modeled itself after the Soviet system and established the People's Republic of Mongolia after the Bogd's death in 1924.
