Community forestry and certification: Dealing with interfaces between global standards and local community action

Community forestry and certification: Dealing with interfaces between global standards and local community action K. Freerk Wiersum 1 , Shoana S. Humphries 2 and Severine van Bommel 1 1 Forest and Nature Conservation Policy group Wageningen University, the Netherlands 2 FSC International, Bonn, Germany

Contents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Institutional characterization of community forestry ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Evolving commitments regarding community forestry Commercial production & income earning Basic needs Local rights Poverty alleviation Forest conservation Decrease local use pressure on valuable forests Rehabilitate degraded lands Incorporate CF in mainstream forestry developments Create dual forest economy Large-scale professional forestry versus small-scale community forestry To From

Four phases in community development Incorporation of CF in globalizing financial networks Train communities in fulfilling global standards Phase 4 Joint and collaborative forest management Stimulate multi-level decision-making and benefit sharing between public forestry administration and communities Phase 3 Democratization and empowerment Meet basic needs of rural people Recognize rights and knowledge indigenous people Stimulate local decision-making and control Phase 2 Forest conservation through dual forest sector Lighten pressure on high value forests by meeting forest related needs of local people from village lands Phase 1

Pathway of community forestry development 1 3 2 4 Commitment to basic needs Commitment to meet local forest needs Commitment to incorporate CF in mainstream forestry Commitment to income generation 1 – 4 = development phase

Outcome of evolution: Increasing role of multi-actor partnerships NGO’s International standards (amended from Lemos & Agrawal, 2006)

Experiences with application of global standards The example of certification of community forestry ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Multi-level approach to standard setting ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Present status of FSC certification FSC Certificates by Area FSC Certificates by Number

Why does FSC care about communities and small producers? ,[object Object],[object Object]

Different opinions on added value of certification ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: R. Reguera

Challenges for community enterprises ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How to proceed with CF certification: adding objectives or simplifying standards?

FSC Initiatives to stimulate certification for small & community producers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Developing CF certification: an actor-network activity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Multiple contractual arrangements for CFE development

Contradictions between assumed and actual experienced benefits of certification

Conclusion 1 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Development of CF certification requires double-loop instead of single-loop learning

Conclusion 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Double-loop learning for effective CF certification requires new institutional arrangements

Conclusion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Conclusion: Achievements and future development scope ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Community forestry and certification: Dealing with interfaces between global standards and local community action

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Community forestry and certification: Dealing with interfaces between global standards and local community action