Best Practices for Building Ultra-Low Latency Microwave Networks
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Aviat Networks describes best practices for building ultra-low latency microwave radio networks
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Best Practices for Building Ultra-Low Latency Microwave Networks
- 1. BEST PRACTICES FOR BUILDING ULL NETWORKS 1
- 2. PROGRESSION LOW LATENCY NETWORKS over $4B PRE-1970’S 70’-80’s 90’s-TODAY market globally MESSENGER SERVICES, DATA NETWORKS FIBER PHYSICAL/HAND DELIVERY (ANALOG/DIGITAL) ON COPPER AVIAT NETWORKS
- 3. NEXT STEP IN LOW LATENCY PROGRESSION: MICROWAVE microwave uses more direct routes (less distance) propagation is 30% faster over air MICROWAVE IS FASTER THAN FIBER AND IS QUICKLY BECOMING DEFACTO STANDARD FOR ULTRA LOW LATENCY TRANSPORT AVIAT NETWORKS
- 4. WHAT IS USABLE LATENCY? Functional, viable, practical. ??? AVIAT NETWORKS
- 5. BUT MICROWAVE IS COMPLEX AND NEW TO FINANCIAL SERVICES… Number Co-Existence Network Weather with Fiber Hops (rain, Management propagation) Path Design Installation and Reliability Regulatory Issues Latency Sites and Security Acquisition
- 6. 3 ULL MICROWAVE QUESTIONS AVIAT NETWORKS
- 7. Full size image AVIAT NETWORKS
- 8. RELEVANT TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS Equipment Latency Payload Interface Serialization Delay Modem Technology End-to-End Latency Repeaters RF and Modem Performance Operational Considerations AVIAT NETWORKS
- 9. WHERE DOES LATENCY GO? On a standard latency microwave link SHORT FRAMES (64) LONG FRAMES (1518) 0.15% Interface Speed 3.85% 0.39% 2.11% 0.08% 7.00% Switching & 5.13% Serialization 21.13% 19.26% Transfer Buffers 38.52% 44.07% Interleaving 16.91% 30.82% Encoding/Decoding 10.57% Mod/Demod Analog Front End AVIAT NETWORKS
- 10. PAYLOAD INTERFACES AND SERIALIZATION DELAY Ethernet Interfaces L1 Interfaces (STM1/OC3) Proprietary L1 Interfaces (Clock and Data) AVIAT NETWORKS
- 11. MODEM TECHNOLOGY FEC Method Algorithm Latency SG Imp. Linear and Iterative LPDC, Turbo Codes High High Forward Error Correction Convolutional Codes Viterbi Medium Good Block Codes Reed Solomon Low* Good* 128 QAM 256 QAM 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM No FEC --- Lowest None Mod QPSK BW 30 MHz 40 MHz Modulations and Bandwidths 50 MHz Diversity Protection Improves link availability and hence low latency availability Adaptive Modulation and Adaptive Coding Latency Increase AVIAT NETWORKS
- 12. LOW LATENCY… (OBVIOUSLY) SO HOW DO WE REDUCE THE LINK LATENCY? - High speed interfaces ~10-20 µs - Use small frame sizes - Early packet forwarding - Reduce buffering wherever possible BOX - Eliminate Interleaving - Reduce or eliminate FEC And equipment/box latency is easy to understand/measure, but… AVIAT NETWORKS
- 13. THE REAL METRIC IS END-END LATENCY (THIS IS WHERE IT GETS COMPLICATED…) BOX BOX BOX Exchange Exchange BOX BOX And best ways to lower end-end MW latency… AVIAT NETWORKS
- 14. REDUCE NUMBER AND COMPLEXITY OF THE HOPS INTRODUCTION OF THE REPEATER CONCEPT - Latency in Nx10 ns - RF Repeater - Limited RF Options - Mask Limitations - IF Repeater - Frequency Agile - Mask Limitations Regenerator Repeater Repeater Regenerator Node Node Node Node - Digital Repeater - Frequency Agile - Usually No Mask Limitations 30% reduction AVIAT NETWORKS
- 15. ADAPTIVE REPEATER TECHNOLOGY Ultra Low End-End Latency 99% of time Regenerator Repeater Repeater Repeater Repeater Regenerator Node Node Node Node Node Node Low End-End Latency (still better than fiber) Regenerator Repeater Regenerator Repeater Repeater Regenerator 1% of time Node Node Node Node Node Node AVIAT NETWORKS
- 16. RF AND MODEM PERFORMANCE WHERE DOES IT HELP? • Link Distance • Antenna Size • Number of Hops • Number of Repeaters • Link Availability • Techniques include: - Tx Power - FEC Coding - Rx Sensitivity - Rx Threshold - Diversity - Higher Quality Oscillators Ultimately all revolves around having better System Gain !!! AVIAT NETWORKS
- 17. QUANTIFY RF / MODEM PERFORMANCE Example: Chicago rain zone, 99.999 Availability, 6 Ft Antenna, 64QAM Frequency Band Std System Gain +3dB 6 GHz 51.6 Miles 55.8 Miles 11 GHz 35.1 Miles 38.5 Miles AVIAT NETWORKS
- 18. AND MANAGING THE RELIABILITY / LATENCY TRADEOFF High Latency End-End Good News: with Latency new innovations, best of both worlds Low Latency can be achieved… 90% 99.999% Path Uptime AVIAT NETWORKS
- 19. SO THAT’S LOW LATENCY… BUT what good is low latency if your network is: Thus a full featured microwave solution will be required AVIAT NETWORKS
- 20. BEST PRACTICE FOR BUILDING LOW LATENCY MICROWAVE NETWORKS: FOCUS ON END-END LATENCY USING A FULL-FEATURED MICROWAVE PLATFORM AVIAT NETWORKS
- 21. AVIAT NETWORKS
- 22. ULL MICROWAVE LIFECYCLE And path planning is more than just GPS Coordinates and Google Maps! AVIAT NETWORKS
- 23. VALIDATE THE ROUTE Phase 1 - Planning and Design • Regulatory • Site Selection • Frequency Coordination and Acquisition • Transmission and Network Engineering • Site & Path Survey Is the route viable? AVIAT NETWORKS
- 24. SECURE THE SITES Site Acquisition and Construction • Site Acquisition and Leasing • Engineering and Drafting • Zoning • Utilities and Construction • System Engineering and Optimization AVIAT NETWORKS
- 25. BUILD AND LAUNCH THE NETWORK Integration and Deployment • Configuration and Network Engineering • Factory Integration • Equipment Staging • Installation of Antennas, Lines & Ground Equipment • Radio Installation and Path Alignment • Acceptance Testing & Commissioning • Commercial Launch AVIAT NETWORKS
- 26. When the network is built…then what? Focus on what you do best and let Microwave experts keep the network running at optimal speed and efficiency Peace of Mind! AVIAT NETWORKS
- 27. AVIAT NETWORKS
- 28. MAXIMIZE PROFITABILITY OF THE NETWORK Functional, viable, practical. ??? AVIAT NETWORKS