2. HISTORY OF CHILD PROTECTION IN
AMERICA
DIVIDED INTO THREE ERA
• FIRST ERA
• EXTENDS FROM COLONIAL TIME TO 1875.
• BEFORE ORGANIZED CHILD PROTECTION.
• SECOND ERA
• SPANS FROM 1875 TO 1962.
• CREATION AND GROWTH ORGANIZED CHILD PROTECTION.
• NON-GOVERNMENT CHILD PROTECTION SOCIETY.
• THIRD ERA
• 1962 MARKS THE THIRD OR MODERN ERA.
• GOVERNMENT SPONSORED CHILD PROTECTIVE SERVICES.
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4. EARLY YEARS
1912
• THE FEDERAL CHILDREN’S BUREAU WAS DEVELOPED BY
CONGRESS.
• THE DUTIES OF CHILDREN’S BUREAU WAS TO
INVESTIGATE AND REPORT. ALL MATTERS EFFECTING
CHILD WELFARE AND CHILD LIFE AMONG ALL CLASSES OF
OUR PEOPLE.
• IN 1930’S THE CHILDREN’S BUREAU LEADERS WERE
INSTRUMENTAL IN SHAPING SEVERAL TITLES TO THE
SOCIAL SECURITY ACT. BY THE 1935 THESE PROVISIONS
DIRECTLY RELATED TO CHILD WELFARE SERVICES.
• 1935 THESE ACT ALLOWED FEDERAL FUNDING TO BE
RELEASED TO ALL STATES TOTALING 1.5 MILLION IN
REGARDS TO THE STATES POPULATION ALONG WITH THE
NEED.
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5. 1960’S
• RAISED CHILD WELFARE SERVICES
FUNDING TO $ 25 MILLION.
• EACH STATE ALLOTMENT TO BE NO
LESS THEN 50 THOUSAND.
• NEW AND SEPARATE FUNDING BY
THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,
EDUCATION, AND WELFARE.
• 1962 RENAMED ADC PROGRAM TO
AID TO FAMILY WITH DEPENDANT
CHILDREN (AFDC) WHICH ALLOWED
STATES TO PROVIDE FOSTER CARE
SUPPORT.
2
6. 1970’S
CHILD ABUSE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT ACT
• SYSTEM TO RECEIVING AND RESPONDING TO ALLEGATIONS OF CHILD
ABUSE OR NEGLECT.
• ALSO IN PROTECTING CONFIDENTIALITY OF RECORDS.
1978
• THE CHILD ABUSE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT AND ADOPTION
ACT.
• THIS ACT ESTABLISHED AND RAN A NATIONAL ADOPTION AND
FOSTER CARE SYSTEM.
• ALSO ALLOWED BARRIERS TO BE REMOVED AROUND ADOPTION OF
CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS.
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7. 1980’S
• THE FEDERAL ADOPTION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.
• FEDERAL SHARE PROGRAM COST WAS CHANGED TO EQUALL AMOUNTS
IN ALL STATES.
• “THE LAW ALLOWED STATES TO STIPULATE WHAT THE SPECIAL NEEDS
FACTORS WOULD BE BUT IT SUGGESTED A CHILD’S AGE, MEMBERSHIP IN
A SIBLING GROUP, RACE/ETHNICITY, AND EMOTIONAL, PHYSICAL OR
MENTAL DISABILITIES.
• REQUIRED STATES TO MAKE ALL “REASONABLE EFFORT’S” PREVENTING
PLACEMENT IN FOSTER CARE, TO REUNITE CHILDREN WHO HAVE BEEN
IN FOSTER CARE.
2
8. 1990’S
• THE SECOND SESSION 101 ST CONGRESS MADE
SEVERAL AMENDMENTS TO CHILD WELFARE
SERVICES / TITLE IV-E.
• FOSTER CARE AND THE ADOPTION PROGRAM.
• THE AMENDMENTS REQUIRED EACH STATE TO
SEPARATE TRADITIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE
COSTS AND CHILD PLACEMENT COST.
• THIS ALLOWED EACH STATE TO OFFER YOUTHS
INDEPENDENT LIVING SERVICES WHO AGED
OUT OF FOSTER CARE UP TO 21.
2
9. UP COMING YEAR’S
• 1993
• MADE SIGNIFICANT AMENDMENTS IN CHILD
WELFARE ACT.
• NEW SUBPART 2 “TITLE IV-B”.
• AUTHORIZING FUNDS TO STATES THAT
PROVISION IN “FAMILY SUPPORT” AND
“FAMILY PRESERVATION”.
• ONLY 10% ON ADMINISTRATION AND 90% ON
EACH IN THE TWO CATEGORIES OF SERVICE.
• THEREFORE EACH STATE HAD TO REPORT
ALL PROGRESS IN BOTH CATEGORIES.
• 1994
• MADE ANOTHER AMENDMENTS IN THE
SESSION 103RD CONGRESS.
• THAT IS MADE AVAILABLE TO ALL
CHILDREN IN FOSTER CARE. “NOT JUST
THOSE WHO WERE TITLE IV-E ELIGIBLE.”
• HEARINGS WILL BE HELD EVERY 12
MONTHS AFTER INITIAL HEARING, CASE
PLAN AND CASE REVIEW PROCEDURES.
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10. 1996
• CONGRESS AMENDED THE SOCIAL SECURITY ACT IN REGARDS, THAT NO STATE OR
ENTITY THAT RECIVES FEDERAL FUNDING CAN NOT DISCRIMNATE IN ADOPTION OR
FOSTER CARE PLACEMENT ON BASIS OF RACE, COLOR OR NATIONAL ORIGIN.
1997
• PROVISIONS REGARDING HEALTH INSURANCE FOR ADOPTIED CHILDREN WHO WAS
NOT ELIGIBLE UNDER TITLE IV-E.
• LAW REAUTHORIZED NEW PROGRAM UNDER TITLE IV-B, PART 2 BY RENAMEING IT
PROMOTING SAFE AND STABLE FAMILIES PROGRAM.
• THIS ACT PROMITED THE “TIME-LIMITED FAMILY REUNIFICATION” AND “ADOPTION
PROMOTION AND SUPPORT SERVICES”.
• THIS REQUIRED HHS TO ESTABLISH CHILD WELFARE OUTCOME TO BE MEASURED
AND PUBLISHED IT’S DATA FOR ANNUALLY PROFORMANCE.
1999
• THE FOSTER CARE INDEPENDENCE ACT WAS ENACTED IN THE 106TH CONGRESS.
• REVISED THE STATE ALLOCATION FORMULA TO USE THE CURRENT FOSTER CARE
DATA.
• THIS WAS THE FIRST YEAR THAT NATIONAL YOUTH IN TRANSITION DATABASE WHICH
COLLECTED DEMOGRAPHIC AND ITS OUTCOME OF CURRENT AND FORMER YOUTHS.
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11. 2001
• THE PROMOTING SAFE AND STABLE FAMILIES
• WHICH REAUTHORIZED FOUNDING FOR THE NEXT 5 YEARS.
• INCLUDING THE AMENDMENT TO STRENGHENING PARENTAL RELATIONSHIP BY
ADDING THE DEFINITION OF HEALTHY MARRIAGES TO THE “FAMILY SUPPORT
SERVICES.”
• ADDING THE SUPPORT FOR INFANT SAFE HAVEN PROGRAMS, WHICH WILL BE FOUND
UNDER THE DEFINITION OF FAMILY PRESERVATION SERVICES.
• OPENING UP NEW FUNDING.
• THERE WAS AUTHORIZED FUNDING FOR POST-SECONDARY EDUCATION AND
TRAINGING VOUCHERS.
2003
• THE ADOPTION PROMOTION ACT
• AUTHORIZING INCENTIVE PAYMENT FOR ANOTHER FIVE YEARS .
• THIS AMENDEDMENT OF INCENTIVE AWARDS TO CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS.
• WHICH LIMITED FUNDING FOR CHILDREN NINE AND UNDER WITH SPECIAL NEEDS.
• THEN AN INCREASED INCENTIVE FOR ADOPTION OF NINE AND OLDER IN FOSTER
CARE.
2
12. 2005
• THE FAIR ACCESS TO FOSTER CARE ACT
• FOR STATES TO CLAIM REIMBUREMENT UNDER TITLE IV-E.
• EVEN ELIGIBLE FOSTER CHILDRENS MAINTENANCE PAYMENTS.
• WHICH IS PROVIDED TO HIS/HER INSTIUTIONAL, FAMILY,FOSTER CARE
PROVIDER, AND FOR PROFIT PLACEMENT AGANCY.
• ALSO MADE CLARIFING THE MEANING OF “HOME OF REMOVAL.”
• PUTTING LIMITAIONS ON THE STATES CLAIM FOR REIMBURSEMENT COST.
• THIS ALSO INCLUDED THE LENGTH A CHILD MAY BE A “CANDIDATE” FOR
FOSTER CARE.
• INCLUDED THE PLACEMENT OF A CHILD IN AN UNLICENSED RELATIVE HOMES
OR OTHER SIBLINGS HOME THAT ARE.
• “INELIGIBLE” FOR THE FOSTER CARE PROGRAM.
• THE STATES POLICEYS AT A MINIMUM MUST “ENSURE THE SAFETY AND WELL-
BEING OF THE CHILD, PARENTS, AND FAMILY”.
2006
• THE SAFE AND TIMELY INTERSTATE PLACEMENT ACT
• FEDERAL MANDATES A 60-DAY DEDLINE IN COMPLETING INTERSTATE
HOME STUDY.
• WITH ONLY A 14-DAY DEADLINE FOR THE STATE TO ACT ON THIS
INFORMATION.
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13. • WITH AUTHORIZATION OF $10 MILLION DOLLARS FOR EVERY STATE AS AN INCENTIVE
TO COMPLETE INTERSTATE HOME STUDY WITH IN 30 DAYS.
• FUNDS WERE AVAILABLE THE VERY FIRST DAY.
• “NO FUNDS WERE APPROPRIATED UNDER THIS AUTHORITY AND IT IS NOW REPEALED.”
• THIS RESTRICTED STATES TO CONTRACT PRIVATE AGENCY TO DO HOME STUDY FOR
THE CHILDREN THAT WILL NOT BE REUNIFIED WITH FAMILY.
• THE LAW REQUIRES THAT ALL INSTATE AND OUT OF STATE PLACEMENTS BE PART OF
THE CASE PLAN FOR REVIEW IN AN ADIQUIT PLACMENT.
• PART OF THE COURT IMPROVEMENT FUNDING MAKES NOTIFYING FOSTER PARENTS,
PRE-ADOPTIVE PARENTS, OR RELATIVE CAREGIVERS INFORMATION ON PROCEDDINGS
REGARDING THE CHILDREN.
• ALL MEDICAL AND EDUCATION RECORDS FOR EACH CHILD IN FOSTER CARE MUST BE
UP TO DATE.
• ALL FOSTER PARENTS AND OTHER PEOPLE LIVING WITH IN A HOME MUST HAVE
BACKGROUND CHECKS DONE BEFORE FOSTER CHILDREN CAN BE PLACED IN THE
HOME.
• EACH STATE IS REQUIRED TO PROVIDE A WELL-PLANED VISIT WITH THEIR CASE
WORKER AT LEAST ONCE A MONTH.
2007
• THE 110TH CONGRESS AMENDED REIMBURSEMENT RATE TO 70 PERCENT.
2
14. 2008
• THE 110TH CONGRESS APPROVED CHILD WELFARE
BILL
• FOSTERING CONNECTIONS TO SUCCESS AND
INCREASING ADOPTIONS.
• THIS WAS THE FAIR-REACH OF FEDERAL CHILD
WELFARE FINANCING SINCE 1980.
• UNDER THE TITLE IV-E THIS PROVIDED KINSHIP
GAURDIANSHIP ASSISTANCE PAYMENTS FOR THE
CHILDREN THAT WERE LIVING WITH THEM IN THE
FOSTER CARE SYSTEM.
• THE STATE WILL CONTINUNE TO PROVIDE PAYMENT UNTIL A
CHILDS 21ST BIRTHDAY REGARDING THEY ARE IN SCHOOL,
WORKING, OR REMOVING BARRIERS OF EMPLOYMENT, OR
HAVE A MEDICAL CONDITION THAT KEEPS THEM FROM
ACHIEVING ANY OF THOSE THINGS.
2009
• ALLOWING STATES TO FILE REMEMBURSMENT COST FOR
CHILDREN IN FOSTER CARE, ADOPTION, AND KINSHIP
GUARDIANSHIP ASSISTANCE.
• ALSO TO INCLUDE PAYMENT OF TRANSPORTING A CHILD TO
HIS/HER “SCHOOL OR ORIGIN.”
2
15. 2010
• IN AUGUST CONGRESS PASSED EDUCATION JOBS AND MEDICAID
BILL
• A TEMPORARY INCREASE IN THE GENERAL FUND FOR A 3.2 PERCENTAGE
IN THE FIRST THREE MONTHS, THEN A 1.2 PERCENT FOR THE NEXT 3
MONTHS.
• THEN THE PROGRAM WILL RETURN TO IT’S REGULAR REIMBURSEMENT
RATES BY JULY 1, 2011.
• THE PATIENT PROTECTION AND AFFORDABLE CARE ACT
• THAT YOUTH THAT ARE AGING OUT OF CARE HAVE THE INFORMATION
AND POWER TO MAKE HEALTH CARE DECISIONS.
• THIS ALSO INCLUDES FOSTER CARE INDEPENDENCE PROGRAM.
2011
• THE CHILD AND FAMILY SERVICES IMPROVEMENT AND
INNOVATION ACT
• THAT EACH STATE MUST PROVIDE (ON-FEDERAL) FUNDS TO RECEIVE THE
FULL AMOUNT ALLOTED THE CHILD WELFARE SERVICES PROGRAMS.
• ALSO REQUIRE STATES TO PROMOTE SAFE AND STABLE FAMILIES WITH
AN DESCRIBED OF THE POPULATION THAT IS AT THE GREATEST RISK.
2
16. THE TRADGIC
EVENTS OF
2014
THE DEATH OF 2 –YEAR- OLD
DEZIRAE SHELDON
AND
15- MONTH- OLD
PEIGHTON GERAW
BROUGHT THE CITIZENS OF
VERMONT QUESTIONING THE
ABILITY TO KEEP VERMONT
CHILDREN SAFE.
17. PUTTING VERMONT CHILDREN AT RISK
MAY 21, 2014
THE CHALLENGES FACING FAMILY’S TODAYS SOCIETY
SUBSTANCE ABUSE, VIOLENCE, NEGLECT AND THE INCREASE OF OPIATE ADDICTION
INSURES A NEW DANGER THAT SPREADS VIOLENT CRIMES TO FAMILIES
AND THE COMMUNITY.
WHO’S RESPONSIBILITY IS IT TO PROTECT THE
CHILDREN
FAMILIES AND COMMUNITIES HAVE AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN KEEPING CHILDREN SAFE,
HOWEVER THE DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN AND FAMILY SERVICES, LAW
ENFORCEMENT, AND THE COURTS HAVE A GREATER RESPONSIBILITY IN
THE PROTECTION OF IT’S CHILDREN.
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18. ACTION IN IDENTIFYING ISSUES IN STATE
POLICIES AND PRACTICES
WE CAN NOT SAY THAT THESE CHANGES WOULD HAVE CHANGED THE OUTCOME
FOR PEIGHTON AND DEZIRAE, HOWEVER MOVING FORWARD WE BELIEVE THE
STEPS OUTLINED BELOW WILL HELP CHILDREN AND STRENGTHEN FAMILIES
1. DCF POLICIES AROUND RETURNING CUSTODY AND REUNIFICATION WITH
PARENTS.
2. REQUIREMENT THAT SENIOR LEADERSHIP IN CENTRAL OFFICE, REVIEWING ALL
CASE THAT A CHILD HAS EXPERIENCED SERIOUS PHYSICAL ABUSE IS
CONTEMPLATED.
3. CENTRAL OFFICE OVERSIGHT EXTENDS TO REUNIFICATION WITH ALLEGATIONS
OF PHYSICAL ABUSE IS PRESENT.
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19. 1. POLICY REGARDING CHILDREN THAT ARE IN DCF CUSTODY LIVING WITH
THERE
PARENTS IN A RESIDENTIAL OR OTHER SUPPORTED SETTING
1. THIS REQUIRES DCF THE ABILITY NOT TO START REUNIFICATION UNTILL
PARENT HAS BEEN DISCHARGED FROM THE RESIDENTAL OR OTHER
SUPPORTED SETTINGS.
1. GOVENOR SHUMLIN HAS REQESTED THAT THE “VERMONT CITIZENS
ADVISORY BOARD (VCAB) REVIEW THE HANDLING OF THE CASE OF DEZIRAE
SHELDON AND PEIGHTON GERAW’S.”
1. VCAB HAS A RESPONSIBILITY TO EXAMINE THE CHILD PROTECTION
POLICIES AND PRACTICES.
2. A SPECIAL VCAB BOARD WAS DEVELOPED WITH MEMBERS HAVING
SIGNIFICANT EXPERTISE AND THE EXPERIENCE IN CHILD ABUSE MATTERS.
3. DURING THE REVIEW VCAB WITH DETERMINE IF DCF POLICIES AND
PRACTICES WERE FOLLOWED AND IF ANY NEED TO “BE REVISED TO
INSURE THE SAFETY OF VERMONTS CHILDREN.”
4. ALONG WITH THE LEGISLATURE CREATED A “COMMITTEE ON CHILD
PROTECTION.” THE GOVERNERS “ADMINISTRATION WILL COPPERATE
WITH THE COMMITTEE ON EXAMINE VERMONT’S LAWS,POLICIES AND
PROCEDURES, REVIEWING THEM IN THE JURISDICTIONS,FEDERAL
REQUIRMENTS, MAKING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVING OUR
CHILDRENS PROTECTION SYSTEM.”
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20. THE REVIEW OF POLICIES
“IMPLEMENT NEW POICIES THAT WILL HIGHTEN THE REVIEW
STANDARDS IN CERTAIN CASES.”
“EVALUATE REORGANIZATION OF DCF TO BETTER TARGET
THE CORE MISSION.”
“STRENGTHEN DCF RESOURCES TO INCREASE ITS ABILITY TO
RESPOND TO CHILDREN IN NEED.”
“INCREASE TRAINING FOR DCF AND FOR OTHER STATE
AGENCIES AND BRANCHES REGARDING PARENTAL DRUG ADDICTION
AND ABUSE OF VERY YOUNG CHILDREN.”
****(“DCF WILL ALSO WORK WITH STAKEHOLDERS TO DEVELOP
FURTHER TRAINING FOR THOSE IN LAW ENFORCEMENT, LEGAL
COMMUNITY, MENTAL COMMUNITY, JUDICIARY AND THOSE WHO PLAY
A ROLE IN THE DECISIONS THAT AFFECT THE SAFETY OF CHILDREN.”)
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21. IMMEDIATE ACTION BEING TAKEN
1 “FIELD SERVICES DIRECTOR LYNNE KLAMM WILL RESUME LEADERSHIP IN DCF
DISTRICT OFFICE IN RUTLAND, WHICH INCLUDES FULL AUTHORITY OVER
OPERATION. CASEY FAMILY PROGRAMS “NATIONALLY-RENOWNED CHILD WELFARE
FOUNDATION.” “WILL ASSIST DCF WITH A THOROUGH REVIEW OF CHILD SAFETY
PRACTICES, ASSESS STRENGHTS AND CHALLENGES.” “RECOMMENDATIONS TO
IMPROVE TO PROTECT VULNERABLE CHILDREN.”
2 “SIX SUBSTANCE ABUSE SPECIALIST WILL BE CONTRACTED TO ASSIST
SOCIAL WORKERS IN CASES INVOLVING SUBSTANCE ABUSE, CONTRIBUTING
FACTORS OF ALLEGED CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT.”
4
22. 4 TWENTY-SEVEN NEW POSITIONS ARE BEING RECRUITED. “POSITIONS INCLUDE 18
SOCIAL WORKERS, 2 SOCIAL WORK SUPERVISORS, DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
SPECIALIST, AND PRACTICE WITH FAMILIES THAT HAVE SUBSTANCE ABUSE USE
DISORDERS.”
5 THE NATIONAL RESOURCE CENTER ON SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND CHILD WELFARE
“WILL BE HELPING DCF REVIEW POLICIES, ASSESSMENT PROTOCOLS, AND
PRACTICE WITH FAMILIES WHO HAVE SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS.”
6 GIVE THE GOVENOR “ A PROPOSAL TO ALIGN THE STRUCTURE OF DCF, WHICH
WILL HELP THE COMMISSIONER HAVE A BETTER FOCUS ON THE WELFARE OF
VERMONT CHILDREN AND FAMILIES.”
7 “ALL WORK HAS BEEN SENT TO THE VERMONT CITIZENS ADVISORY BOARD SO
THEIR WORK CAN CONTINUE EXPEDITIOUSLY.”
8 “POLICY REVIEWS WILL CONTINUE AS MORE WORK IS DONE BY DCF,
LEGISLATOR’S COMMITTEE ON CHILD PROTECTION AND THE VERMONT CITIZENS
ADVISORY BOARD.
YACOVONE IS 100% COMMITTED TO THE SAFTY OF THE CHILDREN, MAKING
SURE THAT ALL PARTNERS INVOVLED INCLUDING THE COURT, LAW ENFORCEMENT,
SCHOOLS, AND FAMILIES KEEP THESE CHILDREN SAFE.
4
23. RUTLAND SEES CHANGES
• LYNNE KLAM HAS REPLACED JOHN ZALENSKI HOW HAS BEEN TRANSFERRED
TO DCF CENTERAL OFFICE IN ESSEX JUNCTION
• THIS WAS NOT A DISCIPLINARY ACTION.
• ENSURING RUTLANDS OFFICE HAS STRONG SUPERVISION AND STAFF, ALONG WITH
COMPERHENSIVE PROCEDURES IN PLACE FOR THE CHILDREN SAFETY IN VERMONT.
• DCF HAS BEEN “SCRUTINIZED IN THE DEATHS OF 2-YEAR-OLD DEZIRAE
SHELDON, OF POULTNEY, AND 15-MONTH-OLD PEIGHTON GERAW, OF
WINOOSKI.”
• THE DEATHS HAVE BEEN DETERMINED A HOMICIDE “UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF DCF.”
• PROBLEMS INCLUDING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN SOCIAL WORKERS, THE
COURTS, LAW ENFORCMENT, MEDICAL PERSONNEL, AND OTHERS
4
24. YACOVONE
• “HAS FACED CALLS FOR HIS RESIGNATION.”
• “THE ATTORNEY GENERAL’S REPORT POINTED OUT SPECIFIC,
SIGNIFICANT FLAWS IN OUR SYSTEM THAT WERE
IMMEDIATLEY CORRECTED.”
• “LOOKING INTO ALL STAFFING AND PROCEDURES IN EVERY
DCF OFFICE AROUND THE STATE, THIS WILL ENSURE
PROTENTIAL PROBLEMS ARE ADDRESSED.”
• “THE GOVENOR HAS NOT ASKED YACOVONE TO RESIGNE.”
4
25. RESULTS OF INVESTIGANTION
• “THE INVESTAGATION INTO DCF SOCIAL WORKER JOHN SALTER COMMITED A
CRIME IN HANDLING PEIGHTON’S CASE.”
• DCF WORK HAS BEEN CLEARED IN THE DEATH OF WINOOSKI TODDLER.
• SOCIAL WORKER JOHN SALTER DID EVERYTHING HE WAS TRAINED TO DO, HE
DID EVERYTHING HE WAS SUPPOSED TO DO.
• SALTER FOLLOWED ALL PROTOCOLS THAT DCF HAS.
• DCF POLICY DOES NOT REQUIRE A SOCIAL WORKER PHYSICAL CONTACT TO
DETERMINE WELLNESS OF A CHILD.
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26. CONTINUED RESULTS OF INVESTIGATION
• POLICY READ’S
• 72 HOURS TO RESPOND TO A ABUSE REPORT.
• CONTACT FAMILY WITHIN 24 HOURS.
• A HOME VISIT WITHIN 48 HOURS.
• NYTOSHA LAFORCE ( PEIGHTON’S MOTHER) WAS CHARGED
WITH PEIGHTON’S MURDER.
• LAFORCE PLEAD NOT GUILTY.
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27. CAUTION
• THIS VIDEO THAT IS ABOUT TO BE SHOWED,
INCLUDES SCENES DETAILING AND EMOTIONAL
EVENTS THAT INVOLVED CHILD, AND THE
EFFECTS RESULTING IN CHILD ABUSE.
• AT THIS POINT FEEL FREE TO LEAVE THE ROOM.
28. . The Story Of Oliver & Anne- Sophie. 16 September, 2011. Youtube. 27
July, 2014. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3JV7OzSfzA>.
