FUTURE OF SwEEd

The Distinguished Visitors Program
The Future of Software
The Distinguished Visitors Program Engineering Education
The Future of Software ➡ Introduction
Software is critical to
The Challenges
Engineering Education strategic advances

Future Trends
Yet software success rates
Dr. Jorge L. Díaz-Herrera Conclusions are disproportionally low!
professor and president

Keuka College, New York, USA
founded in 1890
©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 2

The Distinguished Visitors Program The Distinguished Visitors Program
Software is critical to Yet software success rates
strategic advances are disproportionally low!

Software has become the bottom line Horror stories of colossal Sw project
for many organizations, even those failures abound
who never envisioned themselves to US$150B/year from project failures in US,
be in the software business with a further US$140 billion in EU
Deploy new products and services How did we get here?
Accommodate growing demand for new features Unprecedented demand
Connect products in unexpected ways
Exploit rapidly changing technology
Unforeseen problems
Gain a competitive edge Unqualiﬁed professionals

©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 3 ©2013 J. L. Díaz-Herrera 4

Unforeseen The Distinguished Visitors Program
No Physical
Problems Limitations
Inherent Difficulties Software is governed by real
software turned out surprisingly constraints, but these tend to be
complex and very easy to change multidimensional and abstract
Unrealistic expectations:
If I tell you that I’m going to build a 1000 meter
Accidental Difficulties long concrete beam suspended at one end only, will
Software development methods and you believe me?
tools have become major traps! Of course no, you know it can’t be physically done!

But, anything and everything is
* Fred Brooks, No Silver Bu!et, C.ACM 1987 possible is software!

Unforeseen
Changeability
Problems
“People believe software to be Customer needs Designers unable to

flexible, and therefore they flex it.
understand requirements
Developers unable to
They flex it beyond reasonable Requirements
Design implement design

boundaries" (J. Millar)
get lost
Development manage the “pieces”
Inability to visualize its boundaries encourages Design corrupted
as problems fixed
people to change their mind more frequently Testing
fix found problems
Excessive requests for new features or alteration Patches slipped in
when no one looking
of functions introduce unnecessary and Deployment
People can’t
use system
undesirable complexity Buggy software
passed on
Wrong solution
delivered


Unqualiﬁed
Cobb’s Paradox
Professionals
"We know why projects fail, Professionalism is absent
we know how to prevent their failure
Education for practitioners is lacking
–so why do they still fail?"
Project management importance is not
M. Cobb, Canada Treasury
well understood and underrated
Risk management is not applied
effectively
Research is not reaching the practitioner

The Future of Software The Distinguished Visitors Program
Improving SwE
Engineering Education Practice
√ Introduction We argue that the software
engineering community could have a
➡The Challenges signiﬁcant impact on the future of the
Future Trends discipline by focusing its efforts on
improving the education of software
Conclusions engineers.
There are some bright spots
There remain several key challenges



SwE Challenge The Challenges

Put a process in place supported by 1) make programs attractive to students
methods, techniques, & tools to 2) focus education appropriately
facilitate creation & continued dev. of 3) communicate industrial reality effectively
software ... A difficult task
Technical problems (Complicated artifacts)
4) define curricula that are forward-looking
Human factors (communication problems) 5) provide education for existing practitioners
Economics aspects (Labor-intensiveness) 6) make education more evidence-based
Uncertain information (Incomplete theory)
Unstable and unpredictable quality 7) ensure educators have essential knowledge
Conflicting project goals 8) raise prestige and quality of SwE research


(1) Programs’ appeal Professional Entry
Educational Background of Professional-level IT Workers
Making programs attractive to appeal In ALL engineering disciplines a
100%
Other

to good students and meet societal corresponding BS degree is required.
90% Business

demand
Social Sciences
80%
Of professional
70% Mathematics level IT workers

Negative stereotypes tend to focus particularly 60% Natural Sciences
who hold
bachelor's or

hard on SwE 50% Engineering
higher level
degrees,
other than 87.5%
Many bright mathematical minds interested in 40%
Computer and Systems Engineering hold degrees
in science, math
computing tend to be attracted to CS not SwE 30%
IT Degrees, including:
Computer & information sciences, general
or engineering

The somewhat-true perception that SwE is much 20%
Computer science
Computer systems analysis

about process and not technical enough
Information services and systems
10% Other computer and information sciences
Computer and systems engineering

software quality is very bad ... 0%
Professional Level IT
Computer programming

Workers



100%

90%
Educational Background of Professional-level IT Workers

Other
Business

Social Sciences
2) Focus Education The Distinguished Visitors Program
Knowledge
80%

Appropriately Spectrum
Of professional
70% Mathematics level IT workers
who hold
60% Natural Sciences bachelor's or
higher level
50% Engineering degrees,
other than 87.5%
Computer and Systems Engineering hold degrees
40%
in science, math
IT Degrees, including: or engineering
30% Computer & information sciences, general
Computer science
20% Computer systems analysis
Information services and systems
10% Other computer and information sciences
Computer and systems engineering
Computer programming
0%
Professional Level IT
Workers

Social and economic issues
Understanding SwE dimensions so we
can focus education appropriately Politics & Law

Psychology,
sociology

What are the different educational Economics

needs of

practice
theory
Engineering Engineering Engineering Production
computer scientists, computer engineers, Science
Science Design Technology Installation

networking engineers, software engineers,
information systems, Industrial
design
and web site developers, games developers, real- Architecture
time systems developers, etc?
Art

Human factors

Technical The Distinguished Visitors Program
Computing
Professions Knowledge
Social and economic issues Social and economic issues
Provides end-user • Symbols & abstractions
Politics & Law Politics & Law
solutions • Computability Theory
Psychology, • Development environments
• Switching Theory Psychology,
sociology • Implementation standards
• Information Theory sociology
Discovers, creates new • V&V; Syst. Prototypes
• Algorithms and complexity
theories and principles
Economics
Technologist theory Economics

Scientist Engineer
practice

practice
theory

theory

Engineering Engineering Engineering Production Engineering Engineering Engineering Production
Science Science
Science Design Technology Installation Science Design Technology Installation

Industrial Industrial • Syst. Admin.
Designs new artifacts applying • System Software
design design • Design Process • Strategic planning
engineering principles • Information Storage
• Analysis & • End-user support
and science Architecture • Computer Architecture Architecture Design Methods
• Computer and
• Measurements
Art Communications Art
Systems
Human factors Human factors

report on degree programs in information technology is under development. We anticipate that it will
be published in 2006 and thus refer to it as IT2006.
The diagram in Figure 1.1 represents the scope of what has become the Computing Curricula Series, a
continuing effort to provide guidelines and standards for computing curricula. The top-level Overview
block, CC2005, represents this report. Each of the first five sub-blocks represents a curriculum report for
one of the Visitors Program
Computing Curricula
The Distinguishedexisting computing disciplines. The sixth sub-block is a placeholder for future reports on
additional computing disciplines as necessitated by the emergence of new computing disciplines. Online
A Computing
copies of the computing curricula volumes can be found at http://www.acm.org/education/curricula.html
Project (ACM/IEEE)
and http://computer.org/curriculum.
Spectrum
CC2005
The Overview
Volume
on
Undergraduate
Degree
Programs
in Computing
Software
Engineering
Currently
CC2001 IS 2002 SE 2004 CE 2004 IT2006 Other
(CS2001) curriculum
Computer
Science
Information
Systems
under
Software
Engineering
Computer
Engineering
Information
Technology
volumes as
needed for
Curriculum Curriculum Curriculum Curriculum Curriculum emerging
Volume Volume Volume Volume Volume disciplines
revision
http://www.computer.org/education
Figure 1.1. Structure of the Computing Curricula Series

1.4. Guiding Principles
Five principles guided the development of this report.
1. The dramatic growth in the number of computing disciplines and their collective impact on society
Computer
Computer Science
requires that the computing disciplines articulate a shared identity. Given the importance of
computing to society, we in computing have a responsibility to help society understand what we do.
The fact that computing offers several kinds of academic programs is a major strength and an
opportunity but requires that we offer society a practical vision of our shared field, of the various
Engineering
disciplines within it, and of the meaningful choices that face students, educators, and their
communities. The goal of this report is to articulate the shared identity, the separate identities of each
computing discipline, and the choices available to students, educators, and communities.

Page 7


Information
Information Systems
Technology


3) Communicate The Distinguished Visitors Program
4) Deﬁne Forward-
Industrial Reality looking Curricula
How to improve the synergy and Deﬁning curriculum standards that
communication between industry and are forward-looking
academia? How can we achieve the level of understanding of
What industrial practices are currently not being industry practice necessary to create forward-
taught? looking curricula, taking into account academic
constraints?
How effective are these practices?
What curriculum innovations should be
Which should be taught to undergraduates? considered?
Industrial Advisory Boards
School and program levels


Currently
November/December 2006 IEEE SOFTWARE 19 under
revision


5) Educating
SwE 2004 structure
Practitioners
Software Engineering Education Knowledge (SEEK) Provide education for existing practitioners
Guiding principles (11) “education, rather than technology, holds the key to
improvements in software project success rates,”
Student educational outcomes (7) “Education is required at all levels, from senior
directors to end users.”
A set of general guidelines (19) to help curriculum
“The levels of professionalism observed in software
designers and educators
engineering are generally lower than those in other
Model curricula (suggestions for how courses can branches of engineering,”
be grouped)
The Challenges of Complex IT Projects
Sample course descriptions (to which suggested A report by members of the Royal Academy of
SEEK coverage is described) Engineering and the British Computer Society


Certification and The Distinguished Visitors Program
Certified Software
Licensing Development Professional

Vary from country to country International, IEEE-CS established
Alignment to SWEBOK
Obtaining an engineering license now
Exam based on SE2004 guidelines
available to software engineers in some
Test sites on all continents
US states, and all Canadian Provinces
http://www.computer.org/portal/web/certification/csdp
in the UK the British Computer Society
and The Institution of Engineering and
Technology offer Chartered status to
suitably qualified and experienced
members


Preparation Other Challenges
CSDP Online Course 6) make education more evidence-
CSDP Workbook: A Self-Study Guide for Today's
Software Professional - new publication
based
CSDP Resource Guide -3rd edition now available 7) ensure educators have essential
Instructor Led Courses
knowledge
CSDP Registered Education Providers
CSDP Registered Preparation Materials 8) raise prestige and quality of SwE
Sample Test Questions research
Compilation of Software Engineering Terms
Recommended References
CSDP Study Group Forum (yahoo: ieee-csdp)

The Future of Software The Distinguished Visitors Program

SwE Education
Engineering Education
√ Introduction Initially as a sub-discipline of CS
√ The Challenges 1970s: Masters programs appeared
➡ Future Trends 1990’s: Explosion of progress
BS degrees in US, Canada, UK, Australia, etc.
Conclusions Ph.D. programs separate from CS (e.g., CMU

Research Disseminate Practice
Ph.D. programs MS programs BS programs


SwE Coming of Age What Works

Cooperation ACM, IEEE, BSC, JIS, IFIP, ... Industrial strength engineering:
Code of Ethics Cataloguing known solutions & systematic,
strategic reuse via product lines
Body of Knowledge (SwEBoK)
Project Management:
Educational Accreditation Criteria
Adherence to basic, well-established engineering
Separate curriculum vol. (SE2004) management principles

BS, MS and Ph.D. programs Security Engineering:
Licensing & Registration Legislation A rigorous engineering practice where security
concerns are dealt with at each stage of the
Professional Examination (IEEE CSDP) process

Industrial Strength The Distinguished Visitors Program
Project Management:
Engineering The Role of Process
Even the ﬁnest people can’t perform
at their best when the process is
not understood or not operating at
its best.
The Role of Process
Everyone realizes the importance of having a motivated,
PEOPLE
quality work force
and the latest
technology, but even
the finest people
can’t perform
at their best when
TECHNOLOGY
the process is not

Systematic, Strategic Reuse PROCESS understood or
operating
at its best.


© 2005 by Carnegie Mellon University CMMI Overview Page 9

The Future of Software
Security Engineering
Engineering Education
Based at individual engieer/team √ Introduction
PSP/TSP: Framework for disciplined √ The Challenges
production of quality software
Produce one or two orders of magnitude fewer √ Future Trends
defects than current practice.
0.02 defects/KSLOC vs. 2 defects/KSLOC ➡ Conclusions
If 5% of the defects are potential security holes, with TSP there
would be 1 vulnerability per MSLOC.



Conclusions Conclusions

Software Quality issues with have Computing is its own discipline
their root cause in human error. separate from math, science, & engineering
These in turn arise from inadequate education
Computing is its own Faculty
SwE Is NOT “Engineering” the Computing School with its own dean &
Software Engineering is a different kind of academic standards
engineering, one that has to do with socio-
technical systems
Similarly, Computer Science is NOT Science
Computing
THE Discipline of the 21st Century


Discussion & Q/A References
[1] P. Naur & B. Randell (Eds) Software Engineering: Report on a Conference
Sponsored by the NATO Science Committee (7 – 11 October 1968). 1969.
[2] Model Law (1986) prepared by the USA National Council of Engineering
Examiners.
[3] IEEE Standards Collection: Software Engineering, IEEE Standard
610.12-1990, IEEE, 1993.
[4] Speed, J., Software Engineering, Licensure Exchange, Texas Board of
Professional Engineers, 2 (3), June, 1998:1-16.
[5]Parnas, D. L. & M. Soltys “Basic Science for Software Developers.”
Department of Computing and Software, McMaster University. Hamilton,
Ontario, Canada.
[6] Accreditation policy and procedure manual. Baltimore, MD: ABET, Inc.,
November 2000. (http://www.abet.org/images/policies.pdf )
[7] MIT Design Laboratory. http://design.mit.edu/ (Accessed July 10, 2006)
[8] Moore, J. Software Engineering Standards. IEEE-CS Press, 1998.
Gracias!!


References –2 References –3
[9] Bryant, A. “It’s Engineering Jim … but not as we know it.” [15] Jacobson, I. “Succeeding with Objects: Reuse in Reality.” Object Magazine (July
1996):94-96.
International Conference in Software Engineering, Limerick, Ireland,
2000:78-87. [16] Díaz-Herrera, H. Chen and R. Alam.“An Isomorphic Mapping for SpecC in UML.”
Lecture Notes in Informatics German Society of Informatics. 2002.
[10] SEI Report on Undergraduate Software Engineering Education [17] Paulk, M. C., Curtis, B., Chrisis, M. B., and C. V. Weber. “Capability Maturity
(CMU/SEI-90-TR-003) Model, Version 1.1,” IEEE Software, Vol. 10, No 4, July 1993:18-27.
[11] McIlroy, D. “Mass produced software components.” NATO Conf. [18] Humphrey, W. S. A discipline for Software Engineering. Addison-Wesley, MA: 1995
On Software Engineering. (1968):138-155. [19] Humphrey, W. S. Introduction to the Team Software Process. Addison-Wesley,
MA: 2000.
[12] Weiss, D. M. & C. T. R. Lai. Software Product-Line Engineering.
[20] http://www.sei.cmu.edu/appraisal-program/proﬁle/about.html (Accessed
(Addison-Wesley, MA. 1999) 4/1/2006)
[13] Cohen, S., et al. Product Line Identiﬁcation for ESC-Hanscom. [21] Brown, A. W. and K. C. Wallnau. The Current State of CBSE. IEEE Software (1998).
(CMU/SEI-95-SR-024, Pittsburgh, Pa.: Software Engineering Institute, [22] van Solingen, Rini. Measuring the ROI of Software Process Improvement. IEEE
Carnegie Mellon University. 1995) Software, May/June 2004: 32-38.
[14] Withey, J. Investment Analysis of Software Assets for Product [23] G. Böckle, et al. Calculating ROI for Software Product Lines. IEEE Software, May/
Lines. (CMU/SEI-96-TR-010. Pittsburgh, Pa.: Software Engineering June 2004: 23-31.
Institute, Carnegie Mellon University. 1996)

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