SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 13
Understanding the Chinese Tourist  Implications for the UAE Alexandra Tohme  2011
Outbound tourism 2009 Chinese travellers spent $4bn more OVERSEAS than at home Forecast to rise to $6bn by next year China is now ranked 4th in terms of foreign tourist spending Alexandra Tohme  2011
The consumer journey Typically, the first trip is to Hong Kong, then perhaps Korea, Thailand, Japan or Malaysia Once happy, more trips further afield Luxury purchases abroad are a big part of consumer spending There is status associated with being able to travel overseas and come back with suitcases full of luxury goods Alexandra Tohme  2011
The importance of Dubai UAE achieved ADS in September 2009 The UAE recently has been one of the hottest destinations for Chinese people  A five-day trip to the UAE from China costs about 5,000 yuan (Dh2,688) with airfare Alexandra Tohme  2011
Some figures 2008 – 96,300 Chinese visitors to UAE 2009 – 150,000  2010 – 82,000 in first 6 months Chinese visitors represented 7% of The Monarch Dubai’s total number of guests in 2009, compared with 1% in 2008 Alexandra Tohme  2011
UAE hotels and people targeting Chinese DaraPinke– HR director for Movenpick Hotels and Resorts HagopDoghramadjian– GM for Rocco Forte Hotel Arshad Hussain – Director of Sales and Marketing for Fairmont Bab al Bahar, Abu Dhabi Alexandra Tohme  2011
Here and There Dubai Department of Tourism and Commerce Marketing has opened three offices in China in Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou The increasing number of Chinese visitors has prompted the Louis Vuitton boutique at Mall of the Emirates to recruit Chinese staff Alexandra Tohme  2011
The importance of digital The Internet has become the most important medium for the country’s growing number of tourists to plan vacations While most Chinese visit traditional travel websites for research, they are likely to finalize their itineraries via interaction with other netizens on social networking platforms, Alexandra Tohme  2011
Online advertising Online advertising, however, is also having more influence on Chinese travelers than advertising in more traditional mediums, like television and print Almost 70 percent of those surveyed remembered seeing travel ads on the Internet Alexandra Tohme  2011
The opportunity Less than 2 % of the total destination media expenditure goes to Internet advertising Every day the Ctrip online travel forum receives 2 million page views, and the destination exploration channels receive 1.1 million page views Alexandra Tohme  2011
Nielsen reports Alexandra Tohme  2011
Converging strategies Target Chinese consumers online during “information gathering” mode Enhance with on-site comms at Airport and Hotel Deliver Chinese language mobile apps for points of interest and translation Ensure data capture for follow up Alexandra Tohme  2011
What’s next? Future presentations to highlight case studies Outline of multiple stakeholders Discussion of Digital opportunity at Arabnet 2011  Feedback / Questions to alexandratohme@gmail.com Alexandra Tohme  2011

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Kürzlich hochgeladen

🔥HOT🔥📲9602870969🔥Prostitute Service in Udaipur Call Girls in City Palace Lake...
🔥HOT🔥📲9602870969🔥Prostitute Service in Udaipur Call Girls in City Palace Lake...🔥HOT🔥📲9602870969🔥Prostitute Service in Udaipur Call Girls in City Palace Lake...
🔥HOT🔥📲9602870969🔥Prostitute Service in Udaipur Call Girls in City Palace Lake...Apsara Of India
 
best weekend places near delhi where you should visit.pdf
best weekend places near delhi where you should visit.pdfbest weekend places near delhi where you should visit.pdf
best weekend places near delhi where you should visit.pdftour guide
 
08448380779 Call Girls In Chhattarpur Women Seeking Men
08448380779 Call Girls In Chhattarpur Women Seeking Men08448380779 Call Girls In Chhattarpur Women Seeking Men
08448380779 Call Girls In Chhattarpur Women Seeking MenDelhi Call girls
 
How to Get Unpublished Flight Deals and Discounts?
How to Get Unpublished Flight Deals and Discounts?How to Get Unpublished Flight Deals and Discounts?
How to Get Unpublished Flight Deals and Discounts?FlyFairTravels
 
Genesis 1:6 || Meditate the Scripture daily verse by verse
Genesis 1:6  ||  Meditate the Scripture daily verse by verseGenesis 1:6  ||  Meditate the Scripture daily verse by verse
Genesis 1:6 || Meditate the Scripture daily verse by versemaricelcanoynuay
 
char Dham yatra, Uttarakhand tourism.pptx
char Dham yatra, Uttarakhand tourism.pptxchar Dham yatra, Uttarakhand tourism.pptx
char Dham yatra, Uttarakhand tourism.pptxpalakdigital7
 
08448380779 Call Girls In Bhikaji Cama Palace Women Seeking Men
08448380779 Call Girls In Bhikaji Cama Palace Women Seeking Men08448380779 Call Girls In Bhikaji Cama Palace Women Seeking Men
08448380779 Call Girls In Bhikaji Cama Palace Women Seeking MenDelhi Call girls
 
Study Consultants in Lahore || 📞03094429236
Study Consultants in Lahore || 📞03094429236Study Consultants in Lahore || 📞03094429236
Study Consultants in Lahore || 📞03094429236Sherazi Tours
 
Night 7k Call Girls Noida Sector 93 Escorts Call Me: 8448380779
Night 7k Call Girls Noida Sector 93 Escorts Call Me: 8448380779Night 7k Call Girls Noida Sector 93 Escorts Call Me: 8448380779
Night 7k Call Girls Noida Sector 93 Escorts Call Me: 8448380779Delhi Call girls
 
DARK TRAVEL AGENCY presented by Khuda Bux
DARK TRAVEL AGENCY presented by Khuda BuxDARK TRAVEL AGENCY presented by Khuda Bux
DARK TRAVEL AGENCY presented by Khuda BuxBeEducate
 
Top 10 Traditional Indian Handicrafts.pptx
Top 10 Traditional Indian Handicrafts.pptxTop 10 Traditional Indian Handicrafts.pptx
Top 10 Traditional Indian Handicrafts.pptxdishha99
 
Visa Consultant in Lahore || 📞03094429236
Visa Consultant in Lahore || 📞03094429236Visa Consultant in Lahore || 📞03094429236
Visa Consultant in Lahore || 📞03094429236Sherazi Tours
 
08448380779 Call Girls In Shahdara Women Seeking Men
08448380779 Call Girls In Shahdara Women Seeking Men08448380779 Call Girls In Shahdara Women Seeking Men
08448380779 Call Girls In Shahdara Women Seeking MenDelhi Call girls
 
9 Days Kenya Ultimate Safari Odyssey with Kibera Holiday Safaris
9 Days Kenya Ultimate Safari Odyssey with Kibera Holiday Safaris9 Days Kenya Ultimate Safari Odyssey with Kibera Holiday Safaris
9 Days Kenya Ultimate Safari Odyssey with Kibera Holiday SafarisKibera Holiday Safaris Safaris
 
Hire 💕 8617697112 Champawat Call Girls Service Call Girls Agency
Hire 💕 8617697112 Champawat Call Girls Service Call Girls AgencyHire 💕 8617697112 Champawat Call Girls Service Call Girls Agency
Hire 💕 8617697112 Champawat Call Girls Service Call Girls AgencyNitya salvi
 
08448380779 Call Girls In Chirag Enclave Women Seeking Men
08448380779 Call Girls In Chirag Enclave Women Seeking Men08448380779 Call Girls In Chirag Enclave Women Seeking Men
08448380779 Call Girls In Chirag Enclave Women Seeking MenDelhi Call girls
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

🔥HOT🔥📲9602870969🔥Prostitute Service in Udaipur Call Girls in City Palace Lake...
🔥HOT🔥📲9602870969🔥Prostitute Service in Udaipur Call Girls in City Palace Lake...🔥HOT🔥📲9602870969🔥Prostitute Service in Udaipur Call Girls in City Palace Lake...
🔥HOT🔥📲9602870969🔥Prostitute Service in Udaipur Call Girls in City Palace Lake...
 
best weekend places near delhi where you should visit.pdf
best weekend places near delhi where you should visit.pdfbest weekend places near delhi where you should visit.pdf
best weekend places near delhi where you should visit.pdf
 
Call Girls In Munirka 📱 9999965857 🤩 Delhi 🫦 HOT AND SEXY VVIP 🍎 SERVICE
Call Girls In Munirka 📱  9999965857  🤩 Delhi 🫦 HOT AND SEXY VVIP 🍎 SERVICECall Girls In Munirka 📱  9999965857  🤩 Delhi 🫦 HOT AND SEXY VVIP 🍎 SERVICE
Call Girls In Munirka 📱 9999965857 🤩 Delhi 🫦 HOT AND SEXY VVIP 🍎 SERVICE
 
08448380779 Call Girls In Chhattarpur Women Seeking Men
08448380779 Call Girls In Chhattarpur Women Seeking Men08448380779 Call Girls In Chhattarpur Women Seeking Men
08448380779 Call Girls In Chhattarpur Women Seeking Men
 
How to Get Unpublished Flight Deals and Discounts?
How to Get Unpublished Flight Deals and Discounts?How to Get Unpublished Flight Deals and Discounts?
How to Get Unpublished Flight Deals and Discounts?
 
Genesis 1:6 || Meditate the Scripture daily verse by verse
Genesis 1:6  ||  Meditate the Scripture daily verse by verseGenesis 1:6  ||  Meditate the Scripture daily verse by verse
Genesis 1:6 || Meditate the Scripture daily verse by verse
 
char Dham yatra, Uttarakhand tourism.pptx
char Dham yatra, Uttarakhand tourism.pptxchar Dham yatra, Uttarakhand tourism.pptx
char Dham yatra, Uttarakhand tourism.pptx
 
08448380779 Call Girls In Bhikaji Cama Palace Women Seeking Men
08448380779 Call Girls In Bhikaji Cama Palace Women Seeking Men08448380779 Call Girls In Bhikaji Cama Palace Women Seeking Men
08448380779 Call Girls In Bhikaji Cama Palace Women Seeking Men
 
Study Consultants in Lahore || 📞03094429236
Study Consultants in Lahore || 📞03094429236Study Consultants in Lahore || 📞03094429236
Study Consultants in Lahore || 📞03094429236
 
Call Girls 🫤 Connaught Place ➡️ 9999965857 ➡️ Delhi 🫦 Russian Escorts FULL ...
Call Girls 🫤 Connaught Place ➡️ 9999965857  ➡️ Delhi 🫦  Russian Escorts FULL ...Call Girls 🫤 Connaught Place ➡️ 9999965857  ➡️ Delhi 🫦  Russian Escorts FULL ...
Call Girls 🫤 Connaught Place ➡️ 9999965857 ➡️ Delhi 🫦 Russian Escorts FULL ...
 
Night 7k Call Girls Noida Sector 93 Escorts Call Me: 8448380779
Night 7k Call Girls Noida Sector 93 Escorts Call Me: 8448380779Night 7k Call Girls Noida Sector 93 Escorts Call Me: 8448380779
Night 7k Call Girls Noida Sector 93 Escorts Call Me: 8448380779
 
Call Girls Service !! Indirapuram!! @9999965857 Delhi 🫦 No Advance VVVIP 🍎 S...
Call Girls Service !! Indirapuram!! @9999965857 Delhi 🫦 No Advance  VVVIP 🍎 S...Call Girls Service !! Indirapuram!! @9999965857 Delhi 🫦 No Advance  VVVIP 🍎 S...
Call Girls Service !! Indirapuram!! @9999965857 Delhi 🫦 No Advance VVVIP 🍎 S...
 
DARK TRAVEL AGENCY presented by Khuda Bux
DARK TRAVEL AGENCY presented by Khuda BuxDARK TRAVEL AGENCY presented by Khuda Bux
DARK TRAVEL AGENCY presented by Khuda Bux
 
Top 10 Traditional Indian Handicrafts.pptx
Top 10 Traditional Indian Handicrafts.pptxTop 10 Traditional Indian Handicrafts.pptx
Top 10 Traditional Indian Handicrafts.pptx
 
Visa Consultant in Lahore || 📞03094429236
Visa Consultant in Lahore || 📞03094429236Visa Consultant in Lahore || 📞03094429236
Visa Consultant in Lahore || 📞03094429236
 
08448380779 Call Girls In Shahdara Women Seeking Men
08448380779 Call Girls In Shahdara Women Seeking Men08448380779 Call Girls In Shahdara Women Seeking Men
08448380779 Call Girls In Shahdara Women Seeking Men
 
9 Days Kenya Ultimate Safari Odyssey with Kibera Holiday Safaris
9 Days Kenya Ultimate Safari Odyssey with Kibera Holiday Safaris9 Days Kenya Ultimate Safari Odyssey with Kibera Holiday Safaris
9 Days Kenya Ultimate Safari Odyssey with Kibera Holiday Safaris
 
Hire 💕 8617697112 Champawat Call Girls Service Call Girls Agency
Hire 💕 8617697112 Champawat Call Girls Service Call Girls AgencyHire 💕 8617697112 Champawat Call Girls Service Call Girls Agency
Hire 💕 8617697112 Champawat Call Girls Service Call Girls Agency
 
Call Girls Service !! New Friends Colony!! @9999965857 Delhi 🫦 No Advance VV...
Call Girls Service !! New Friends Colony!! @9999965857 Delhi 🫦 No Advance  VV...Call Girls Service !! New Friends Colony!! @9999965857 Delhi 🫦 No Advance  VV...
Call Girls Service !! New Friends Colony!! @9999965857 Delhi 🫦 No Advance VV...
 
08448380779 Call Girls In Chirag Enclave Women Seeking Men
08448380779 Call Girls In Chirag Enclave Women Seeking Men08448380779 Call Girls In Chirag Enclave Women Seeking Men
08448380779 Call Girls In Chirag Enclave Women Seeking Men
 

Empfohlen

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTExpeed Software
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsKurio // The Social Media Age(ncy)
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Tessa Mero
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...RachelPearson36
 

Empfohlen (20)

2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
 
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPTEverything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
 
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsProduct Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
 
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthHow Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
 
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfAI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
 
Skeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture CodeSkeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture Code
 
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
 
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
 
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
 
How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations
 
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data ScienceIntroduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data Science
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project management
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
 

Understanding the chinese tourist for UAE

  • 1. Understanding the Chinese Tourist Implications for the UAE Alexandra Tohme 2011
  • 2. Outbound tourism 2009 Chinese travellers spent $4bn more OVERSEAS than at home Forecast to rise to $6bn by next year China is now ranked 4th in terms of foreign tourist spending Alexandra Tohme 2011
  • 3. The consumer journey Typically, the first trip is to Hong Kong, then perhaps Korea, Thailand, Japan or Malaysia Once happy, more trips further afield Luxury purchases abroad are a big part of consumer spending There is status associated with being able to travel overseas and come back with suitcases full of luxury goods Alexandra Tohme 2011
  • 4. The importance of Dubai UAE achieved ADS in September 2009 The UAE recently has been one of the hottest destinations for Chinese people A five-day trip to the UAE from China costs about 5,000 yuan (Dh2,688) with airfare Alexandra Tohme 2011
  • 5. Some figures 2008 – 96,300 Chinese visitors to UAE 2009 – 150,000 2010 – 82,000 in first 6 months Chinese visitors represented 7% of The Monarch Dubai’s total number of guests in 2009, compared with 1% in 2008 Alexandra Tohme 2011
  • 6. UAE hotels and people targeting Chinese DaraPinke– HR director for Movenpick Hotels and Resorts HagopDoghramadjian– GM for Rocco Forte Hotel Arshad Hussain – Director of Sales and Marketing for Fairmont Bab al Bahar, Abu Dhabi Alexandra Tohme 2011
  • 7. Here and There Dubai Department of Tourism and Commerce Marketing has opened three offices in China in Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou The increasing number of Chinese visitors has prompted the Louis Vuitton boutique at Mall of the Emirates to recruit Chinese staff Alexandra Tohme 2011
  • 8. The importance of digital The Internet has become the most important medium for the country’s growing number of tourists to plan vacations While most Chinese visit traditional travel websites for research, they are likely to finalize their itineraries via interaction with other netizens on social networking platforms, Alexandra Tohme 2011
  • 9. Online advertising Online advertising, however, is also having more influence on Chinese travelers than advertising in more traditional mediums, like television and print Almost 70 percent of those surveyed remembered seeing travel ads on the Internet Alexandra Tohme 2011
  • 10. The opportunity Less than 2 % of the total destination media expenditure goes to Internet advertising Every day the Ctrip online travel forum receives 2 million page views, and the destination exploration channels receive 1.1 million page views Alexandra Tohme 2011
  • 12. Converging strategies Target Chinese consumers online during “information gathering” mode Enhance with on-site comms at Airport and Hotel Deliver Chinese language mobile apps for points of interest and translation Ensure data capture for follow up Alexandra Tohme 2011
  • 13. What’s next? Future presentations to highlight case studies Outline of multiple stakeholders Discussion of Digital opportunity at Arabnet 2011 Feedback / Questions to alexandratohme@gmail.com Alexandra Tohme 2011