Copy of presentation used by Aled Evans in his lecture/ seminar to masters students studying LLM Entertainment Law at Westminster Law School in 2017. (There have been previous lectures on this topic by Aled Evans for the LLM course in 2015 and 2016). Presentation and lecture are based Aled Evans' dissertation for LLM Entertainment Law in 2014.
Social television and the law (October 2017,Westminster Law School Seminar/ lecture by Aled Evans)
1. SOCIAL TELEVISION
AND THE LAW
SEMINAR FOR WESTMINSTER LAW SCHOOL, UNIVERSITY OF WESTMINSTER
LLM ENTERTAINMENT LAW - OCTOBER 2017
BY ALED EVANS
2. Introduction
ï” The viewer and the broadcaster
relationship
ï” Social television (STV)
ï” Current law and regulation
ï” Immediate challenges
ï” Underlying issues
3. In front of the TVâŠ
Source: http://pmcdeadline2.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/6-family-pt.-1__120614222311.jpg
6. But alsoâŠ
STV is a term âcoined to depict the convergence
of television and social mediaâ
M Proulx and S Shepatin, âSocial TVâ (John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2012
ï” Broadcast related activity of YouTube, Twitter, Facebook
etc.
ï” Broadcaster activity on social media and the web â All4,
ITV Hub and BBC Taster etc.
ï” Social aspects of VOD services - Netflix, Apple TV, Amazon
Prime etc.
ï” Connected TV devices â aka Smart TVâs
ï” Also video & social activities on smartphones, tablets,
game consoles
ï” Bespoke services â Chatterbox, TVTag, Beamly etc
7. How Big?
Article: 60 Seconds on Google, Instagram, SnapChat, YouTube and Facebook (infographic) (2016)
Source: http://www.digitalinformationworld.com/2016/09/infographic-data-never-sleeps-what-happens-online-in-
one-minute.html?m=1
8. Itâs a big business
Source: Introducing
the Social-TV
Ecosystem Chart 2.0
By Simon
Dumenco. July 19,
2013 adage.com
11. The traditional
relationshipâŠ
ââŠthe passive eyeball âŠâ
N Helberger, âFrom eyeball to creator - toying with audience empowerment in
the Audiovisual Media Service Directiveâ (2008) 19(6) Ent. L.R. 128-137
13. Key Law
EU
Audiovisual Media Services Directive (2010)
UK
Communications Act 2003
The Audiovisual Media Services Regulations
2009 SI 2009/2979
The Audiovisual Media Services Regulations
2010 SI 2010/ 419
16. Social TV in a legal sense
STV is a collection of interconnected concepts and
trends:
1. Collection of social behaviours (including
commenting, sharing, collaborating and
curating)
2. Collection of technologies (including social
media services/websites, apps, connected TVâs)
STV is very hard to define in
a legal & regulatory sense
17. Device Regulation
ï” Connected TVâs (a.k.a. Smart TVâs)
ï” âTelevisionâ or âVideoâ or â?â
ï” Expectation of viewer
ï” Danger of regulation creep
19. Fractured Audience
ï” STV is a segment of the audience
ï” STV active minority â what about
majority?
ï” Data divide
20. Special Interest Groups
ï” Children
ï” PSB genres
ï” Digital exclusion
ï” Non-broadcast STV and international
services â not captured by regulation
21. Confusing Regulation
Ofcom (now incorporates ATVOD)
Information Commissionerâs Office; Consumer
Protection from Trading Standards AND ASA regulation
25. Marketing Focused
ï” Viewer as a âmarketing partnerâ
ï” Losing sight of the societal and
cultural characterisations
Also
ï” Ownership and control of STV
services
ï” Stacey Mattocks v. Black
Entertainment Television LLC
26. Media Literacy and PSB
ï” Access to PSB content
ï” National jurisdictions
ï” Viewer trust â âFake Newsâ
27. Data & Privacy
Human rights law
ï” STV challenges privacy,
the right to private life,
freedom of expression
and surveillance
Consumer protection law
ï” The use of data in
marketing and
advertising
30. Future Regulation
ï” Expand regulation?
ï” Shrink regulation?
ï” Self-regulation?
⊠including education to build
media literacy.
31. The future isâŠ.
Permanent Beta
Source: https://complexbeauty.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/work-in-progress-sign.jpg
32. Selected Bibliography (1)
UK Legislation & Regulations
ï” Copyright Designs Patents Act 1988 Broadcasting Act 1990
ï” The Criminal Justice and Order Act 1994 Broadcasting Act 1996
ï” Data Protection Act 1998 Communications Act 2003 Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003
ï” The Audiovisual Media Services Regulations 2009 SI 2009/2979
ï” The Audiovisual Media Services Regulations 2010 SI 2010/ 419
ï” Consumer Contracts (Information, Cancellation and Additional Charges) Regulations 2013 (SI
2013/3134)
EU Legislation and Regulations
ï” Directive 2010/13 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the coordination of certain
provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action in Member States concerning the
provision of audiovisual media services [2010] OJ L95/1 (Audiovisual Media Services Directive)
<http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:095:0001:0024:EN:PDF>
ï” Directive 2011/83 on consumer rights [2011] OJ L304/64
ï” European Convention on Human Rights
US Legislation
ï” Digital Millennium Copyright Act 1998.
33. Selected Bibliography (2)
Cases
ï” Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation & Anor v. Newzbin Ltd [2010] EWHC (Ch) 608 (Eng.) ITV
Broadcasting Ltd v TVCatchup Ltd (C-607/11) [2013] Bus. L.R. 1020 (ECJ (4th Chamber)) and ITV
Broadcasting Ltd v TVCatchup Ltd Unreported October 10, 2013 (HC).
ï” Mediaset vs YouTube Tribunale Ordinario di Roma, 16 dicembre 2009 (It.) available at
<http://www.tgcom.mediaset.it/res/doc/sentenzatribunale.pdf> accessed 22 August 2014.
ï” Stacey Mattocks v. Black Entertainment Television LLC. 0:13-cv-61582.
Books
ï” Bowrey K, âThe manufacture of âauthenticâ buzz and the legal relations of Masterchefâ commerceâ in
Hunter D, Lobato R, Richardson M, Thomas J (Eds) Amateur Media - Social, cultural and legal
perspectives (Routledge 2012).
ï” Carey P, Media Law (5th Ed, Sweet & Maxwell 2010).
ï” Edwards L and Hatcher J, âConsumer Privacy Law 2: Data Collection, Profiling and Targetingâ in L
Edwards and C Waelde (ed), Law and the Internet (Hart Publishing 2010).
ï” Harboe G and others, Getting to Know Social Television: One Team's Discoveries from
ï” Library to Living Room (IGI Global Publishing 2010).
ï” Harboe G, âIn search of social televisionâ, in P Cesar, D Geerts and K Chorianopoulos (eds), Social
Interactive Television: Immersive Experiences and Perspectives (Hershey IGI Global Publishing 2009).
34. Selected Bibliography (3)
ï” Harrison J and Woods L, European Broadcasting Law and Policy (Cambridge University Press 2007).
ï” Hetcher S, âAmateur creative digital content and proportional commerceâ in Hunter D, Lobato R,
Richardson M, Thomas J (Eds) Amateur Media - Social, cultural and legal perspectives (Routledge
2012).
ï” Lefever K, New Media and Sport (ASSER International Sports Law Series 2012).
ï” Proulx M and Shepatin S, Social TV (John Wiley & Sons Inc 2012).
ï” Tan C, âHarry Potter and the transformation wandâ in Hunter D, Lobato R, Richardson M, Thomas J
(Eds) Amateur Media - Social, cultural and legal perspectives (Routledge, 2012).
ï” Weatherall K, âThe relationship between user generated content and commerceâ in Hunter D,
Lobato R, Richardson M, Thomas J (Eds) Amateur Media - Social, cultural and legal perspectives
(Routledge 2012).
ï” Napoli PM, Audience Evolution: New Technologies and the Transformation of Media Audiences
(Columbia University Press 2010).
ï” Harrison J and Woods L, European Broadcasting Law and Policy (Cambridge University Press 2007).
ï” Hetcher S, âAmateur creative digital content and proportional commerceâ in Hunter D, Lobato R,
Richardson M, Thomas J (Eds) Amateur Media - Social, cultural and legal perspectives (Routledge
2012).
35. Selected Bibliography (4)
ï” Lefever K, New Media and Sport (ASSER International Sports Law Series 2012).
ï” Proulx M and Shepatin S, Social TV (John Wiley & Sons Inc 2012).
ï” Tan C, âHarry Potter and the transformation wandâ in Hunter D, Lobato R, Richardson M, Thomas J
(Eds) Amateur Media - Social, cultural and legal perspectives (Routledge, 2012).
ï” Weatherall K, âThe relationship between user generated content and commerceâ in Hunter D,
Lobato R, Richardson M, Thomas J (Eds) Amateur Media - Social, cultural and legal perspectives
(Routledge 2012).
ï” Napoli PM, Audience Evolution: New Technologies and the Transformation of Media Audiences
(Columbia University Press 2010).
ï” Green T and Erickson K, âFor those playing along at home: four perspectives on shared intellectual
property in television productionâ (2014) 11(2) Journal of Media Business Studies 2-24.
ï” Harboe G, âThe uses of social televisionâ (2008) 6(1) Computers in entertainment 1-15.
ï” Hasebrink U, âGiving the audience a voice: the role of research in making media regulation more
responsive to the needs of the audienceâ (2011) 1 Journal of Information Policy 321- 336.
ï” Helberger N, âFrom eyeball to creator - toying with audience empowerment in the Audiovisual
Media Service Directiveâ (2008) 19(6) Ent. L.R. 128-137.
36. Selected Bibliography (5)
ï” Helberger, Natali, The Media-Literate Viewer (February 23, 2012). DOMMERING-BUNDEL: OPSTELLEN
OVER INFORMATIERECHT AANGEBODEN AAN PROF. MR. E.J. DOMMERING, pp. 135-148, N.A.N.M. van
Eijk, P.B. Hugenholtz, eds., Otto Cramwinckel, 2008; Amsterdam Law School Research Paper No.
2012-34; Institute for Information Law Research Paper No. 2012-28.
ï” Matzneller P and Yliniva-Hoffmann A, âThe Legal Protection Of European Broadcasters â Challenges
posed By New Servicesâ (2013) 20(2) Media L. & Pol'y 157-186.
ï” Miles J, âCall to action: the future regulation of Participation TVâ (2007) 18(3) Ent. L.R 122- 124.
ï” Naylor D and Blamires R, âSmarter Thinking â Connected TV, Law and Regulationâ (2012) 23(5) Ent.
L.R 123-125.
ï” Nightingale V and Dwyer T, âThe audience politics of enhanced television formatsâ (2006) 2(1)
International Journal of Media & Cultural Politics 25-42.
ï” Phalen PF and Ducey RV, âAudience Behavior in the Multi-Screen âVideo-Verseââ (2012) 14(2)
International Journal on Media Management 141-156.
ï” Scaife L, âDon't be cagey with your Tweets: the UK and USA regulators' approach to transparency of
paid promotions via Twitterâ (2013) 19(5) C.T.L.R. 131-134.
ï” Trzaskowski J, âUser-generated marketing -- legal implications when word-of-mouth goes viralâ (2011)
19(4) Int J Law Info Tech 348-381.
ï” Walden I and Woods L, âBroadcasting Privacyâ (2011) 3(1) Journal of Media Law 117â141.
ï” Werkers E and Lefever K, âDigital sports content: the rise of new media players and the legal
consequences in terms of obligations and liability riskâ (2010) 21(6) Ent. L.R. 215-220.
37. Selected Bibliography (6)
ï” Newspaper articles and website sources
ï” ACT, âLinear, Connected or Social TV : What is the future of TV, and when?â (acte.be, 2012)
<http://www.acte.be/uploads/Modules/Library/linear-connected-or-social-tv---what-is-the- future-
of-tv_sept-2012.pdf> accessed 20 June 2014.
ï” BBC, âPremier League to âstep upâ prevention of Vine uploadsâ (bbc.co.uk, 15 August 2014)
<http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-28802446> accessed 21 August 2014.
ï” BBC, <http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer> accessed 20 August 2014.
ï” Beamly, <https://uk.beamly.com> accessed 20 August 2014.
ï” Bilton N, âApple Patents Way to Prevent Concert Piracyâ (nytimes.com, 3 June 2011)
<http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/06/03/apple-patents-way-to-prevent-concert-
piracy/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0> accessed 20 June 2014.
ï” Beach J, âSmart TV laws to see increased debate in Europeâ (iptv-news, 2 July 2013)
<http://www.iptv-news.com/2013/07/smart-tv-laws-to-see-increased-debate-in-europe/> accessed
08 August 2014.
ï” Bulkley K, âHow lucrative are second screen companion apps for TV broadcasters?â
(theguardian.com, 5 June 2013) <http://www.theguardian.com/media-network/media-network-
blog/2013/jun/05/second-screen-companion-apps-tv-broadcasters> accessed 08 August 2014.
ï” Chatterbox, <http://www.chatterbox.mobi/site/> accessed 20 August 2014.
ï” Dredge S, âSocial TV apps: 'second screen is what you'd call a lawyer's paradise' â
(theguardian.com, 8 October 2013)
<http://www.theguardian.com/technology/appsblog/2013/oct/08/second-screen-apps-legal-
issues> accessed 20 April 2014.
ï” Edgecliffe-Johnson A, âWatching television no longer rates as passive pastimeâ (London, 24 April
2013) Financial Times.
38. Selected Bibliography (7)
ï” Faber A, âViacom targets Generation Câ (www.screendaily.com, 23 October 2013.)
<http://www.screendaily.com/news/viacom-targets-generation-c/5062833.article> accessed 3 July
2014.
ï” Farber A, âGoogle signs deals for crack at connected TVâ (broadcastnow.co.uk, 3 July 2014)
<http://m.broadcastnow.co.uk/5073768.article> accessed 5 July 2014.
ï” Farmer A, âOver a quarter share content/ media across devices at homeâ (yougov.co.uk, 2 April
2014) <http://yougov.co.uk/news/2014/04/04/over-quarter-share-contentmedia-across- devices-
hom/> accessed 14 August 2014.
ï” Freshminds, â3 challenges facing social TVâ (freshminds.net, 20 May 2011)
<http://www.freshminds.net/2011/05/the-3-challenges-facing-connected-tv/< accessed 14 August
2014.
ï” IPKat, âTelevision Show Fan Does Not Own Facebookâ (ipkitten.blogspoit.co.uk, 26 August 2014)
<âhttp://ipkitten.blogspot.co.uk/2014/08/television-show-fan-does-not-own.html> accessed 28
August 2014.
ï” Kirkham J, âTwo-screen is rebirth of event TV for Twitterersâ (broadcastnow.co.uk, 18 February 2010)
<http://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/comment/in-my-view/two-screen-is-rebirth- of-event-tv-for-
Twitterers/5010996.article> accessed 19 August 2014.
ï” Lost Remote, âSocial TV Companiesâ (lostremote.com) <http://lostremote.com/social-tv-
companies> accessed 2 August 2014.
39. Selected Bibliography (8)
ï” Newman N, âThe rise of social media and its impact on mainstream journalism: A study of how
newspapers and broadcasters in the UK and US are responding to a wave of participatory social
media, and a historic shift in control towards individual consumersâ (reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk,
2009) <https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/fileadmin/documents/Publications/The_rise_of_social
_media_and_its_impact_on_mainstream_journalism.pdf> accessed16 August 2014.
ï” Nordyke K, â'Veronica Mars' Movie Reaches Goal of $2 Million on Kickstarterâ
(hollywoordreporter.com, 13 March 2013) <http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/veronica-
mars-movie-reaches-goal-428434> accessed 20 July 2014.
ï” Reuters, âResearch and Markets: Social TV Report, 6th Edition: Comprehensive Analysis - Twitter and
Facebook Battle over the Commercial Future of Social TVâ (reuters.com, 24 October 2013)
ï” <http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/24/research-and-markets-
idUSnBw246035a+100+BSW20131024> accessed 08 August 2014.
ï” Telegraph Sport, âManchester United ban fans from bringing iPads and other tablets into Old Trafford
this seasonâ (telegraph.co.uk, 12 August 2014)
<http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/manchester-united/11027601/Manchester-
United-ban-fans-from-bringing-iPads-and-other-tablets-into-Old-Trafford-this-season.html> accessed
21 August 2014.
ï” TVTag <tvtag.com> accessed 20 August 2014.
ï” tvtag, âtvtag-formerly getglueâ (itunes.apple.com, 6 June 2014)
<https://itunes.apple.com/gb/app/tvtag-formerly-getglue/id377615302?mt=8> accessed 14 August
2014.
ï” Van Hoboken J and Helberger N, The Math behind Your Wall: Whoâs Governing the Algorithms that
Shape our Livesâ (blogs.lse.ac.uk, 11 June 2014)
<http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/mediapolicyproject/2014/06/11/the-math-behind-your-wall-whos- governing-
the-algorithms-that-shape-our-lives/> accessed 22 August 2014.
ï” Wheeler B, âTwitter users: A guide to the lawâ (bbc.co.uk, 26 February 2013)
<http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20782257> accessed 25 July 2014.