COMMUNITY OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY:

1. ‫العالج الوظيفي المجتمعي‬
‫: مفاهيم اساسية‬
COMMUNITY
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY:
BASIC CONCEPTS
DR. AHMED-REFAT
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 1

2. Basic Terms and Concepts
 Health
 Community
 Community Health
 Community-based rehabilitation
 Community –based services
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 2

3. Basic Terms and Concepts-cont.,
 Health – extent to which an individual or
group is able to realize aspirations &
satisfy needs & to change or cope with the
environment;
 positive concept emphasizing social &
personal resources, & physical capacities
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 3

4. Basic Terms and Concepts-cont.,
 Community –
 a collective of people identified by
common values & mutual concern for the
development & well-being of their group
or geographical area”
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 4

5. Basic Terms and Concepts-cont.,
 Community Health –
 both private & public efforts of individuals,
groups & organizations to promote,
protect & preserve the physical, mental,
social, & spiritual health of those in a
community .
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 5

6. Occupation
 Activities in which people are engaged
to support their roles.
 Engagement in activities, tasks and
roles for the purpose of productive
pursuit;
 maintaining oneself in the
environment; and for purposes of
relaxation, entertainment, creativity
and celebration;
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 6

7. Occupational Therapists are
concerned with:
 Person,
 Environment ,
 Occupation
Interactions
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 7

8. Occupation
OP
Person Environment
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 8

9. Person’s with disabilities typically
require some intervention in the :
 Person/Environment Fit
 Limitations in Activities of Daily Living
CHANGE CHANGE
OCCUPATIONAL PERFORMANCE
OF MEANINGFUL ACTIVITIES
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 9

10. HUMANS AS OCCUPATIONAL BEINGS – PEOP MODEL
(Christiansen, C. H. & Baum, C. M. (2005), Occupational Therapy; Performance, participation and well-being. Thorofare, NJ: Slack, Inc.)
Physiological Social Support
Social & Economic
Cognitive Systems
OCCUPATION
PERSON Occupational ENVIRONMENT
(Intrinsic Factors) Performance &
Participation
(Extrinsic Factors)
Spiritual Culture & Values
PERFORMANCE
Neurobehavioral Built Environments &
Technology
Psychological
Natural Environments
WELL BEING QUALITY OF LIFE
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 10

11. OP
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 11

12. Community Based Service
 Community Based Service – more
comprehensive than rehabilitation;
includes a broad range of health-related
services such as prevention & health
promotion; acute & chronic medical care;
habilitation & rehabilitation;

Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 12

13. Community Based Service-cont
 Community Based Service –
 direct & indirect service provision; an
orientation to collective health needs in
homes, workplaces, & community
agencies; goal is for client & practitioner to
become integral parts of the community
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 13

14. Community Based Rehabilitation
A strategy that equalizes
opportunities
&
social integration of
all people with disabilities
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 14

15. Community Coalitions
 Partnerships & coalitions bring together
members of various organizations &
constituencies in the community to work
together for a common purpose
 Healthcare organizations
 Government agencies
 Neighborhood alliances
 Education related groups & organizations
 Advocacy groups
 Business organizations
 Retail outlets
 Local media
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 15

16. The Community Occupational
Therapy Service
 The Community Occupational Therapy
Service provides help for people of all ages
who experience difficulty coping with
everyday activities due to disability, illness
and/or the ageing process.
 The aim of Occupational Therapy is to
provide a comprehensive service to enable
people to remain as independent as possible
within the community
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 16

17. OT & Community Level Interventions
 View the community as the client
 Assess the following variables
 Demographic info about community
 Risk factors & health behaviors
 Health knowledge, attitudes & beliefs
 Cultural habits, preferences & sensitivities
 Environmental barriers
 Availability of social support & health related services
 Effective motivators for change
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 17

18. Attributes & Skills of
Community Practitioners
 Professional autonomy
 Flexibility & tolerance for ambiguity - Positive attitude &
hopeful
 Collaboration & excellent interpersonal communication
 Strong organizational skills & problem solving skills
 Ability to network
 Program planning & evaluation skills - Visionary
 Good public relations skills & awareness
 Comfort with indirect service provision
 Grant-writing skills
 Culturally competent - Respectful & non-judgmental
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 18

19. Occupational Therapists are
Professionals that Serve the Public
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 19

20. Nature of the Work
 Occupational therapists (OT’s)
 help people improve their ability to perform tasks in
their daily living and working environments.
 work with individuals who have conditions that are
mentally, physically, developmentally, or
emotionally disabling.
 help people develop, recover, or maintain daily
living and work skills.
 help clients improve basic motor functions and
reasoning abilities and compensate for permanent
loss of function.
 Ultimate goal is to help clients have independent,
productive, and satisfying lives.
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 20

21. Client Populations
 Across the life-span – all ages
 Most medical specialty populations e.g..
cardiac, pulmonary, orthopedic,
rheumatology, ophthalmology, optometry,
pediatrics, geriatrics, mental health,
ophthalmology, hand and upper extremity,
community support grouping of client
populations.
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 21

22. OT
 Occupational therapists focus on assisting
people to engage in daily life activities that
they find meaningful and purposeful.
Occupational therapists understand
occupations and use of occupation to affect
human performance and improve the effects
of disease and disability.
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 22

23. The overall goal of OT
 The overall goal of occupational therapy in
community health is to help people develop
the skills and obtain the supports necessary
for independent, interdependent, productive
living. Particular emphasis is given to
interventions that result in improved quality
of life and decrease hospitalization.
 Occupational therapists and occupational
therapy assistants provide purposeful,
goal-oriented activities
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 23

24. Activities of O Therapist
 teach and facilitate skills in:
 assertiveness;
 cognition (e.g., problem solving);
 independent living including using community resources, home
management, time management, management of medication, and
safety in the home and community;
 avocational interest and pursuits:
 self-awareness;
 interpersonal and social skills;
 stress management;
 activities of daily living (e.g.; hygiene);
 role development (e.g., parenting);
 self-sufficiency and interdependency; and
 wellness.
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 24

25. Occupational Therapy Services
 adapting the environment at home, work, and school to
promote an individual's optimal functioning
 providing education programs, experiential learning, and
treatment groups or classes;
 consulting with employers responding to requirements of
local laws and regulations ;
 functional evaluation and ongoing monitoring of clients for
placement in jobs and housing;
 providing assistance or guidance with client-run support
groups;
 goal setting and rehabilitation plan development with
client; and
 providing guidance and consultation to persons in all
employment settings, including supportive employment.
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 25

26. Roles of O. Therapists
 Occupational therapists working in the area of community
mental health are provide consultation to:
 adult day care centers,
 day treatment centers,
 home health agencies,
 community rehabilitation programs,
 community mental health clinics,
 clubhouse programs,
 outpatient psychiatric clinics,
 foster care residents,
 sheltered workshops,
 group and private homes,
 community support programs
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 26

27. Roles of O. Therapists-
 Occupational  courts,
therapists receive  school guidance
referrals from: counselors,
 teachers,
 case managers,  foster care providers,
 psychiatrists,  family physicians,
 social workers,  vocational counselors,
and
 psychologist,
 other health
 nurses, professionals.
 clients themselves,
 family,
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 27

28. The Community Occupational
Therapy Clinic
 The Community Occupational Therapy Clinic
provides quality assessment, direct service
and consultation for children and adults.
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 28

29. Areas of O.T
 The therapists work collaboratively with
clients and their families within the clinic and
community-based settings for those with:
 Developmental disorders
 Learning disabilities
 Behavior disturbances
 Physical challenges
 Neurological conditions
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 29

30. The Community OT Clinic
 The clinic was developed to meet the following goals:
 Provide quality, specialized OT evaluation and treatment
intervention to clients
 Provide in-service training to pre-schools, schools, parent
support programs, and agencies in the community
 Provide expert consultation, training and resources to
community occupational therapists, other professionals
and families
 Provide observational opportunities and resources for
individuals seeking a career in OT
 Provide fieldwork placements for OT interns
 Provide research opportunities for students and faculty
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 30

31. The Community OT Clinic
 The Community Occupational Therapy
Clinic is a model clinic providing holistic
therapeutic interventions enhancing:
Sensory integration
Developmental approach
Behavioral approach
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 31

32. Community OT Services
Community Occupational Therapy
Services
are divided into
five primary categories:
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 32

33. Community OT Services
 1- Treatment
 (designed to improve skills in self-care and
productivity and to promote independence)
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 33

34. Community OT Services
 2- Assistive Technology
 (includes assessment for equipment needs
including mobility aids/wheelchairs and
assessments to determine the need for
vehicle and home modifications).
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 34

35. Community OT Services
 3- Maintenance
 (assessment of worker's need for ongoing
support; if required,)
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 35

36. Community OT Services
 4- File Review
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 36

37. Community OT Services
 5- Time Sensitive Referrals
(medically urgent situations only)
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 37

38. Thank You
Any questions or comments ??!!
Dr. Ahmed Refat AG Refat 2011 38