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Role of JMA issuing warning and role of broadcasters in wellness messaging
1.
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Copyright ©All Rights Reserved, Copyright © 1 ABU DBS 2013, KL, Malaysia, 5-8, March 2013 Workshop E UNESCAP Workshop on EWB: Implementation and Operations Role of JMA issuing warning and role of broadcasters in wellness messaging Kazuyoshi SHOGEN B-SAT, Japan 8 March, 2013 (JMA : Japan Meteorological Agency)
2.
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Copyright © Contents Tsunami Warning issued by JMA Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) issued by JMA Wellness messaging in broadcasting 2
3.
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Copyright © Tsunami Warning issued by JMA 3 Major Earthquake and Tsunami Disasters - Death/Missing over 100 people since 1868 -
4.
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Copyright © Key players of tsunami disaster management Central government Cabinet Office Supervisor of national disaster management Fire and Disaster Management Agency Supervisor of local governments’ disaster management Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, transport and tourism Authority on tsunami protection infrastructure such as dikes and breakwaters Responsible for code on earthquake-resistant construction Japan Meteorological Agency Single voice of tsunami warnings in Japan Media (TV, radio) Transmit tsunami warnings and evacuation order/recommendation to the public. Local government (Prefectures) Responsible for prefectural disaster management. Local government (Municipality) Responsible for municipal disaster management. Issuing evacuation order/recommendation. 4
5.
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Copyright © 5
6.
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Copyright © 6 JMA seismometer network NIED : National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention
7.
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Copyright © Tsunami Warning Procedure 7 Mw : moment magnitude Short period
8.
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Copyright © Re-evaluation of tsunami based on Mw - Mjma (Mj) is based on the maximum displacement amplitude of strongmotion seismometers, and has the advantage of quick availability. - However, due to dependence on the short period (-10 sec.) wave component, Mj is prone to underestimate for gigantic or tsunami earthquakes. - Therefore, JMA also calculates moment magnitude (Mw) in 15 minutes using domestic broadband seismic waveform data to obtain proper estimate of magnitude even for gigantic or tsunami earthquakes, and the initial warning is updated using Mw, if necessary. Mw=(log10 Mo-9.1 )/1.5 (Kanamori(1977)) Mw: Moment magnitude, Mo: Seismic moment 8
9.
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Copyright © Tsunami Monitoring Network 9 Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, transport and tourism JAMSTEC : Japan Agency for Maritime-Earth Science and Technology
10.
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Copyright © 10 Update based on offshore observation -Offshore observations are used for tsunami warning update if necessary. -15 GPS buoys (10-20km offshore) and 35 Cable-type sea bottom pressure sensors (-100km offshore) are used for tsunami warning update in our operation. -Three DART buoys will be deployed about 300-400km off the Pacific coast of Tohoku in 2012. GPS buoy (Courtesy of Ports and Harbours Bureau of MLIT) (MLIT : Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport )
11.
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Copyright © 11 Tsunami Warning Improvement Plan New Technique for Huge Earthquakes (March 2013-)
12.
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Copyright © 12 New Classification & Contents of Warnings etc. (March 2013-) Mw : moment magnitude
13.
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Copyright © 13 New observation Information (March 2013-) Messages about tsunami Indication Tsunami Warning/Advisory JMA issues tsunami warnings or advisories according to expected tsunami height. Tsunami warning (Major Tsunami, Tsunami) or Tsunami Advisory is provided within about three minutes after the earthquake. Tsunami Information (Estimated tsunami arrival time and height for forecast regions) Forecast of height and arrival times of initial wave are provided for each forecast region. Tsunami Information (Estimated tsunami arrival time and high tide time at tidal stations) Information on estimated tsunami arrival time and high tide time at tsunami observation stations. Tsunami Information (Tsunami observations) Observed tsunami arrival time and height at tsunami observation stations. Offshore Tsunami Information (Tsunami Observations at offshore gauges) Observed offshore tsunami arrival time and height at offshore gauges, and estimated tsunami height on the coast based on offshore observations. New information (from March 2013)
14.
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Copyright © 14 Dissemination of Tsunami Warning and Earthquake Information
15.
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Copyright © International Tsunami Advisory Services 15
16.
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Copyright © 16
17.
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Copyright © JMA, the official single voice of warnings on natural disasters in Japan, issues tsunami warnings using scenario type tsunami database system, in combination with densely deployed domestic seismic network, sophisticated data processing system, and tsunami observations network. After the tragedy of the 3.11 event, JMA decided to improve its tsunami warning system in terms of rough but early estimation of the size of huge earthquakes and improvement of warning messages which promote early evacuation. Summary 17
18.
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Copyright © Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) issued by JMA 18
19.
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Copyright © 19
20.
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Copyright © 20
21.
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Copyright © 21
22.
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Copyright © Improvement of Performance Classification by main cause Outcome Succeed to decrease False Alarm (in simulation) 22
23.
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Copyright © Summary (Mw9.0 off the Pacific Coast Tohoku Earthquake) The 2011 off the Pacific coast Tohoku earthquake (Mw 9.0) generated widespread strong ground motion, and seismic intensities of 6-lower and 6-upper were recorded in the Tohoku and Kanto districts over an area of approximately 400 × 100 km. The durations of strong ground motion were very long. JMA EEW functioned as expected; The JMA EEW system issued one warning to the general public in the Tohoku district before the start of strong ground motion. It was earlier than the S wave arrival and 15 s earlier than strong ground motion (intensity 5-lower) at the closest station to the epicenter. But it was not perfect; For Kanto region, JMA EEW expected to be I=4, which is under-expectation as compared with actual observation(5L-6U). This is probably due to the large extent of fault rupture. For aftershocks, JMA EEW did not always determine the location and magnitude correctly, because many earthquakes occurred simultaneously over a wide area, and system was confused. 23
24.
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Copyright © NHK provided the well-being information (name list of evacuees) on ETV(Terrestrial), BS2(Satellite) and FM(Radio) every day. ETV was switched off in the midnight (00:00 -05:00) for saving the electric power. “NHK online” provides evacuees information with searching function (place and name) on NHK Home Page for PC. Wellness messaging in broadcasting Example : Tohoku Great Earthquake (11 March 2011 - ) 24
25.
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Copyright © Various Services in Digital Age TV Radio Data broadcasting Website Mobile-phone website One-segment broadcasting Internet radio 25
26.
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Copyright © Improvement of tsunami warning broadcast ●Wording of major tsunami warnings 1) More assertive “Major tsunami is coming!” 2) More imperative “Evacuate immediately!” 3) Sense of urgency “Evacuate to save your lives!” 26
27.
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Copyright © Internet Radio service Started on Sep.1 2011 3 channels (R1 R2 FM) Available with smart phone 27
28.
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Copyright © http://anpi.jp/top?lang=en Service in 1 October 2012 – Access by PC, Smart phone, Mobile phone, data broadcasting Wellness information from Telco, Broadcaster, etc. 10 organizations, 12 kind of data 28
29.
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Copyright © Access to Janpi on web or in data broadcasting 29 Search for a person by name NHK website Data broadcasting(NHK ETV) Accessible by PC, smart phone mobile phone J-anpi (Portal site or person finder)
30.
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Copyright © I deeply thank Mr. Tomoaki OZAKI and Mr. Yasuyuki YAMADA of JMA and Ms. Sayaka IRIE of NHK Disaster and Safety Information Center for their support and providing me with their valuable presentation material. 30 Acknowledgement
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