tsunami warning system is a system which is used to detect tsunami and issue a warning which is used to prevent loss of life and property.

1. A
SEMINAR PRESENTATION
ON
“tsunami
warning system”
2013-2014
SUBMITTED TO:
SUBMITTED BY:
Mr. Amit Kumar Prajapati
Mr. Rajveer Marwal
Seminar Coordinators (Sec B)
Vibhor Rathi
4th Year, 8th Sem.
EC/10/148
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
POORNIMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, JAIPUR
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2. CONTENTS
 Tsunami
 Tsunami Warning System
 Detecting Tsunami
 Seismometers
 Tidal Gauge
 DART Buoys
 Digiquartz Broadband Depth Sensor
 Acoustic Transducer
 Acoustic Link
 DART I & II System
 Advantages & Disadvantages
 Future Scope
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3. TSUNAMI
It is a series of wave with long wavelength and long wave
period.
Apart from seismic activity, there are many other factors
responsible for Tsunami.
These gigantic waves are probably one of the most
powerful and destructive forces of nature.
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4. TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM
TWS is a system which detects tsunami and issue a
warning to prevent loss of life and property.
This system consist of two main parts:
TWS
Network of
sensors
Communication
Infrastructure
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5. WORKING OF TWS
Network of seismic monitoring station at sea floor
detects presence of earthquake.
Seismic monitoring station determines location and
depth of earthquake having potential to cause tsunami.
Any resulting tsunami are verified by sea level
monitoring station such as DART buoys, tidal gauge.
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6. TYPES OF TWS
There are two distinct types of TWS:
TWS
International
Warning
System
National
Warning System
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7. INTERNATIONAL WARNING SYSTEM
This system uses both data like seismic and water level
data from coastal buoys.
Tsunami travel at 500-1000 km/hr, while seismic wave
travel at 14,400 km/hr.
This give sufficient time for tsunami forecast to be
made.
It is commonly used in Pacific ocean and Indian ocean.
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8. NATIONAL WARNING SYSTEM
This system use seismic data about nearby recent
earthquake.
This system is unable to predict which earthquake will
produce significant tsunami.
NWS
Tsunami
Watches
Tsunami
Warning
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9. TSUNAMI WATCH
Watch is issued based on seismic information.
Watch is issued without confirmation that destructive
tsunami is underway.
Tsunami watch is issued to officials which may later
impact the watch area.
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10. TSUNAMI WARNING
Tsunami warning is issued when potential tsunami is
expected.
It alert officials to take action for entire tsunami hazard
zone.
Warning is issued automatically if an earthquake
powerful enough to create tsunami occur nearby.
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11. DETECTION METHOD
PHASE 1
GEOLOGICAL
ACTIVITY
PHASE 2
WAVE
ACTIVITY
PHASE 3
COASTLINE
ACTIVITY
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12. DETECTING TSUNAMI
Three types of technologies are used for detecting
tsunami:
1
2
3
• SEISMOMETERS
• COAST TIDAL GAUGES
• DART BUOYS
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13. SEISMOMETERS
Information available about source of tsunami is based
on seismic information.
Earthquake are measured based on its magnitude
recorded by its seismograph.
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14. DRAWBACK OF SEISMOMETERS
Data are indirect and interpretation is difficult.
It involve poor understanding of seismic coupling.
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15. TIDAL GAUGE
Measure sea level near coastal area.
Continuously monitors and confirms tsunami waves
following an earthquake.
If tsunami occurred other than earthquake we depend
solely on data of tidal gauge.
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16. DRAWBACK OF TIDAL GAUGE
May not survive impact of tsunami.
Cannot provide data that are especially important to
operational hazard assessment directly.
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17. DART BUOYS
Report to tsunami warning centre, when tsunami occur.
Information are processed to produce a new and more
refined estimate of tsunami source.
Result is an accurate forecast of tsunami.
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18. ADVANTAGE OF DART BUOYS
Seismometer do not measure tsunami.
Tidal gauge do not provide direct measurement of deep
ocean tsunami energy propagating.
DART overcomes drawback of both.
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19. WORKING OF DART BUOYS
DART BUOY consist of two main component:
• Bottom Pressure Recorder (BPR)
• Surface Buoy
BPR consisting of a modem to transmit data to surface
buoy.
Surface buoy transmit data to warning centre via satellite
communication.
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20.  BOTTOM PRESSURE RECORDER:
Digiquartz Broadband depth Sensor is the main sensing
element.
This sensor continuously monitors pressure and if
pressure exceeds threshold value, it automatically report
to warning centre.
 SURFACE BUOYS:
Surface buoys makes satellite communication to
warning centers that evaluate the threat and issue a
tsunami warning.
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21. DIAGRAM OF DART BUOY
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22. DIGIQUARTZ BROADBAND DEPTH
SENSOR
This depth sensor provide accurate & stable data.
Superior performance of digiquartz instruments is
achieved through use of quartz crystal.
Pressure transducer employs bellows tube as pressure to
load generators.
Change in frequency of quartz crystal oscillator is a
measure of the applied pressure.
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23. ACOUSTIC TRANSDUCER
A electrical device that converts sound wave into
electrical energy.
Hydrophone is used in this case.
When electrical plates are exposed to sound vibration
electrical energy is produced.
Electrical energy is sent to amplifier and then to final
destination.
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24. ACOUSTIC LINK
Acoustic communication is a technique of sending and
receiving signals under water.
It is done by help of acoustic modem.
Modem operates at frequency of 10Hz – 1MHz.
It provides an accurate and efficient method to send and
receive data underwater.
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25. NOAA AND DART STATIONS
NOAA
(NATIONAL OCEANIC & ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION)
• Responsible for providing tsunami warning to the
nation.
DART
(DEEP OCEAN ASSESSMENT & REPORTING OF TSUNAMI)
• Station that detects tsunami.
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26. MODES OF OPERATION
DART buoy has two modes of operation:
MODES
STANDARD
MODE
EVENT
MODE
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27.  STANDARD MODE:
System generally operates in standard mode.
DART transmits data every six hours with recording
period of 15 minutes.
 EVENT MODE:
When tsunami wave occur standard mode trigger to
event mode.
Transmit data every15 minutes at an average of 1 minute
for three hours.
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28. DIAGRAM SHOWING TSUNAMI WAVE GENERATION
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29. SERIES OF DART SYSTEM
There are two series of DART buoy system:
DART I
BUOY
DART II
BUOY
SERIES
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30. DART I SYSTEM
One way communication ability.
Relied solely on software’s ability to detect a tsunami
and trigger to event mode.
To avoid false alarm, a threshold value is set such that
tsunami with low amplitude could fail to trigger the
station.
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31. DART II SYSTEM
It is a two way communication
Measure seal level change of less than a millimeter in
the deep ocean.
Two way communication allows for trouble shooting of
the system.
System can be switched to event mode by concerned
authority for research purpose.
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32. ADVANTAGES
Deep water pressure produce low false reading.
Multiple sensor can detect wave propagation.
Good advance warning system.
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33. DISADVANTAGES
Expensive equipments.
High maintenance cost.
Require multiple communication link:
•
•
•
•
•
SONAR.
Satellite Uplink.
Satellite Downlink.
Notification to authorities.
Authorities notifies coastal dwellers.
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34. FUTURE SCOPE
Use of GPS to detect tsunami.
Developed by NASA.
GPS detects ground motion preceding tsunami.
It estimate tsunami destructive potential within minutes.
Estimates energy that undersea earthquake transfer to
ocean.
With help of these data, ocean floor displacement
caused by earthquake can be inferred.
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35. REFERENCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami_warning_system
http://seminarprojects.net/t-tsunami-warning-system
http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/aSGuest1322
68-1389817-ppt-for-seminar-tsunami-alarm
http://www.tsunamiterror.info/future_proposed.html
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36. QUERIES ? ? ?
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37. THANK YOU
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