Presentation Student of the University of Gujrat. Department - MANAGEMENT SCIENCES Subject - Sociology

1. Sociology
Presented by : Zunair, Mahnoor, Usama,
Ghazanfer & Faisal.
Topic
Social Groups & it’s Types
Group leadership.

2. Social Groups
Social groups are everywhere and are a basic part of human life; everywhere you look
there seem to be groups of people! A main focus of sociology is the study of these social
groups. A social group consists of two or more people who regularly interact and share a
sense of unity and common identity. In other words, it's a group of people who see each
other frequently and consider themselves a part of the group. Except in rare cases, we all
typically belong to many different types of social groups. For example, you could be a
member of a sports team, club, church group, college class, workplace, and more

4. Types of Social Group.
• Primary Groups
A primary group is typically a small social group whose
members share close, personal, enduring relationships.
• Primary groups are marked by concern for one another, shared activities and
culture, and long periods of time spent together. They are psychologically
comforting and quite influential in developing personal identity.
• Families and close friends are examples of primary groups.
• The goal of primary groups is actually the relationships themselves rather than
achieving some other purpose.

5. • Secondary Groups
Secondary groups are large groups whose relationships are
impersonal and goal oriented; their relationships are temporary.
• Secondary relationships involve weak emotional ties and little
personal knowledge of one another. In contrast to primary
groups, secondary groups don’t have the goal of maintaining and
developing the relationships themselves.
• Secondary groups include groups in which one exchanges explicit
commodities, such as labor for wages, services for payments, and
such. They also include university classes, athletic teams, and
groups of co-workers.

6. Informal & Formal Groups
Informal groups, which means that they are based on the group
members' shared interests and goals. Informal groups are not
structured with a specific goal in mind. Group members interact on
a very personal level. Examples of informal reference groups
include:
• Families
• A group of local mothers
• Peer groups
Formal groups have a specific goal or mission. They also have a
specific structure and positions of authority. Examples of formal
reference groups include:
• Labor unions
• Mensa, a society for people with high IQ
• Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD)

7. • Ethnic Group
It is group which has its cultural traits different from the general culture of the society.
• Cast Group
It is Permanent group in Which the status of and individual is fixed through
here dity alone.
• Pressure Group
It is that group which lays pressure on government to change its policies in its favour.
• Organization Group
A Formally Organized group, multipurpose and called congenial group because such
group are product of friendship and association.

8. Group Leadership
First, sociologists, by definition, favor the study of social forces, organizational
dynamics, and the relative lack of agency that individuals have in these contexts. It
follows, then, that sociologists wonder whether leaders are even worthy of
sociological investigation and study.
Types of Group Leadership
• Instrumental leadership
focuses on achieving goals. Leaders who are dominantly instrumental work to
maintain productivity and ensure that tasks are completed. They make good
managers because they get the job done. However, they are often so focused on
the task that they can alienate other members of the group.
• Expressive leadership
on the other hand, focuses on maintaining group cohesion. Leaders who
are dominantly expressive work to maintain warm, friendly relationships
and ensure the collective well-being of the group. They make good bosses
because they truly care for their employees. However, they are sometimes
lacking efficiency and organizational skills.

9. Thank You