1. E X E C U T I V E
S U M M A R Y

2. Executive Summary
The motive of this essay is to give clear information about FORD entry into
the luxury and premium automobile sector. The flow of the essay would start
with the background and introduction about the company, then coming over
to the mark et factors that led company to enter INDIA, also about the entry
strategy in terms of corporate decisions they took for doing business in INDIA
and what companies’ present strategy in INDIA is to gain the market share.
Bayerische Motoren Werke G. m. b. H. Started operations in 1918, the
foundation stone was laid as late as 1916 as Bayerische Flugzeugwerke AG
(BFW), it then cha nged into Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
(FORD AG) in 1918.
In today’s date. The list of ten largest automobile manufacturers features
FORD g roup and even possess the brands like MINI and Rolls-Royce, the trio
being the c ore heart of super luxury brands in the worlds industry.
The FORD GROUP’S financial services also have a boosted stand in market and
also the motorcycle sector is doing business successfully.
FORD INDIA Company setting up headquarter in gurgaon (the ncr) FORD

3. INDIA is 100% subsidiary of the FORD group. The investment initially in INDIA
is around 1.4 billion INDIA n rupees.
FORD INDIA is a German producer of cars and motorcycles marketed under
flagship of FORD brand In 2006 FORD focussed on one of the biggest and
fastest growing market of luxury and niche car sector which is INDIA and also
looking at the fate of the competit or Daimler Benz, grounded their tents in
INDIA. Also allowing space for more inv estments in INDIA following financial
year for over 30 million again in addition the initial investment done. This is all
for the premium automobile sector mark et in INDIA which consist of about
1.3% which is in percent a small figure but w hen it comes to numbers it is
around 10 million perspective customers in INDIA a nd with the current
market and economy this figure will certainly go up at the r apid speed Now
coming up to the factors which led FORD to invest as fdi into INDIA.

4. TABLE OF CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Company Profile
 Scope & Product Data
 Markettign Strategies
 Research Methodology
 Analysis & Interpretations
 Suggestions
 Bibliography
 Annexure
• Questionnare

5. INTRODUCTION

6. INTRODUCTION TO THE TOPIC
Today’s society is warm with urbanization and demonstration effect. With a view
towards it, there are drastic changes coming up in all sectors even in the automobile
industries. The following information gives an insight about it.
In the present context the companies operate on the principle of natural selection –
“Survival Of The Fittest”. Only those companies will succeed which at best match to the
current environmental imperatives – those who can deliver what people are ready to buy.
But real marketing does not involve the art of selling what the manufacturers make.
Organizations gain market leadership by understanding consumer needs and finding
solutions that delight consumers. If customer value and satisfaction are absent, no amount
of promotion or selling can be compensate. Hence the aim of marketing is to build and
manage profitable customer relationship.
This is a part of the strategic marketing done by every company to achieve it
objectives and goals. To maximize the profits and longterm plans every organization has to
follow a strategic planning.
Marketing is much more than just an isolated business function – it is a philosophy
that guides the entire organization towards sensing, serving and satisfying consumer needs.
The marketing department cannot accomplish the company’s customer relationship-building
goals by itself. It must partner closely with other departments in the company and with
other organization throughout its entire value – delivery network to provide superior
customer value and satisfaction. Thus marketing calls upon everyone in the organization to
“think customer” and to do all they can to help build and manage profitable customer

7. relationship. Marketing is all around us, and we need to know that it is not only used by
manufacturing companies, wholesaler and retailers, but also by all kinds of individuals and
organizations
There are four major, powerful themes that go to the heart of modern marketing
theory and practice, they are:
1. BUILDING AND MANAGING PORFITABLE CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS.
2. BUILDING AND MANAGING STRONG BRANDS.
3. HARNESSING NEW MARKETING TECHNOLOGIES IN THIS DIGITAL AGE.
4. MARKETING IN A SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE WAY AROUND THE GLOBE.
What marketing is what it does and what it offers?
“Marketing is a social and managerial process whereby individual and groups obtain
what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others.”
“Marketing management is the process of planning and executing the conception,
pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchanges that
satisfy individual and organizational goals.”
“Marketing offers some combination of products, services, information, or
experiences offered to a market to satisfy a need or want”
Marketing is an orderly and insightful process for thinking about and planning for
markets. The process starts with researching the market place to understand its dynamics.
The marketer uses research methodologies to identify opportunities, that is, to find
individuals all groups of people with unmeet needs or latent interest in some products or
service.
The marketing process consists of the following:
1. Analyzing marketing opportunities.
2. Developing marketing strategies.

8. 3. Planning marketing programs
4. Managing the marketing efforts.
Before taking any decision and achieving the goals, it has to make analysis of
what to do, how to do, when to do, where to do and who is to do it. This is nothing but
strategic planning. Goals indicate what a business units wants to achieve whereas
strategy is how to get there.
Marketing strategies in simple terms are the complete and unbeatable plans designed
specifically for attaining the marketing objectives of the firm. Marketing can be called
as a game plan for achieving its goals. Strategy choice will depend on whether the firm
or the marketer plays the following roles:
 Market leader
 A challenger
 A follower
 A nicher
The identification of objectives, both in quantitative and qualitative terms, is an
essential backdrop to strategy formulation. Goals have a quality and time frame attached to
them. These are typically spelt out in terms of financial return, market share, market
presence, etc.
Thus, the concept of market oriented strategic planning arises with the link between
the products the link between the products the manufacturer is dealing in and the market
conditions. In this direction, our study deals only with the marketing strategies i.e.
promotional strategies of the Ford automotives.

9. OBJECTIVES

10. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Primary Objective:
To know the influence of various Marketing Strategies, Promotional Activities towards the
customers of four wheelers(cars).
Secondary objective:
• To know the effective factors for preferring 4 wheelers(CARS)
• To know the factor of awareness of the cars.
• To Study and analyze the Promotional Strategies of Ford
• To know whether the customers are satisfied with the offers given by the dealer.
• To know which kind of offers can attract the new customers.
• To find the area to be improved
• To find out satisfaction of the customers.
• To find the reasons for the dissatisfaction
• To study the channel levels involved in the promotion of Ford
• TO study and analyze the customer's perception regarding the usefulness/utility of
Ford cars.
• TO study and analyze the distributors perception regarding the
promotional and distributional strategies of Ford.

11. INTRODUCTION TO
AUTOMOBILE
INDUSTRY

12. INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY
One of the fastest growing industries in the world is automobile industry. This
automobile industries even has its influence on the Indian market. Probably automobile
industries occupy a large market share in the worlds market as well as in the Indian market.
Nearly 18% of the total national income is being incurred from the automobile industry.
From this we can estimate how important is the automobile industry in the improvement of
GDP of a country. In India automobile industry has a growth rate is at the average of 10-
12%.
INDIAN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY SINCE 1947:
Its fascinating drive through history, which begins as a story of isolation and missed
opportunities to one of huge potential and phenomenal growth.
India’s fixation with socialism and planned economies had a crippling impact on the
automotive industry in its formative years. The goal at that time for independent India was
self-sufficiency. Issues like quality and efficiency were simply not considered.
Dependence of foreign technology was banned and manufacturers were forced to
localize their products; import substitution became the order of the day. Though we learnt
to localize, the cars we made were all outdated designs with little or not improvements for
decades. The automotive industry stagnated under the government’s stifling restrictions and

13. the Indian car buyer was saddled with cars of appalling quality and even then there was a
waiting list that at one point stretched to eight years!
This attempt at self-reliance failed miserably because of the industry’s isolation from
the best technology. The Japanese and later Korean auto industries were also highly
protected in their formative years but they never shut the door on technology. Instead, they
relentlessly tapped the best talent pools in the world to absorb the know-how to produce
good cars.
One of the most important chapters in the Indian automotive industry’s history was
written by Maruti. It marked the Indian government getting into the far business in the early
1980’s, a radical shift in thinking after decades of treating cars with disdain. The Maruti
800 went on to become the staple car of India and put a nation on wheels. This little car set
a benchmark for price, size and quality and structured India as small car market.
It wasn’t till 1993 that things really started to change for the Indian car buyer. With
the liberalization of the economy, a host of international carmakers rushed in. But most of
them were in for a shock as Indian customers rejected their product. Indian customers
refused to allow the glitter of prestigious brands blind them to the outdated and overpriced
products they were offered. The Indian consumer wanted super value, and rewarded the
brands that delivered it, handsomely. Hyundai and Maruthi delivered, and profited.
The period also saw the emergence of the Indian players like Tata Motors and
Mahindra & Mahindra. They rose to the challenge of the MNC’s and responded brilliantly
with the Indica and the Scorpio. This was ironically due to the license raj that forced Indian
carmakers to be innovative and develop products frugally. India’s frugal engineering skill
has now caught the world’s imagination, and an increasing number of carmakers are
preparing to setup major capacities here.
India is changing. And changing fast. It’s moving forward. India’s largest-selling
car is not its cheapest car, the 800. It is the Alto. People’s aspirations are rising and so are
their mistakes, have got their finger on the pulse of the market. Get the right product and
the rewards are handsome.
The Indian auto industry is today bubbling with promise and confidence. It’s been a
long journey but to see where the Indian car industry is going. We have to see where it has
been.
AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY IN PRE-INDEPENDENCE:

14. The first motorcar on the streets of India was seen in 1898, Bombay had it first
taxicabs by the turn of the century. In 1903, an American company began a public taxi
service with a fleet of 50 cars. For about 50 years after car arrived in India, cars were
directly imported.
Before World War I, around 40,000 motor vehicles were imported. During the years
between the wars, a small start for an automobile industry was made when assembly plant
were established in Bombay, Calcutta and Madras.
The import/assembly of vehicles grew consistently after the 1920s, crossing 30,000
units by 1930. It was during the end of the war that the importance of establishing an
indigenous automobile in India was realized. Premier Motors, Hindustan Motors and
Mahindra & Mahindra set up factories in the 1940s for progressive manufacture rather than
assembly from imported components. The cars they chose to make were the latest in the
world when they were introduced in India in the formative years of the industry.
POST- INDEPENDENCE:
The government clamped down on imports and foreign investments. Companies like
GM and Ford packed their bags and left. India’s clock, thereafter, stood still while the
world raced on ahead. It would take nearly 50 years before the Indian auto industry could
catch up with the rest of the world again.
BROADBANDING ERA:
In January 1985, the government announced it’s famous ‘broad banding’ policy
which gave new licenses to brad groups of automotive products such as two and four-
wheeled vehicles.
Through a liberal move, the licensing system was very much intact. A manufacturer
had to submit a phased-manufacturing programme to the Ministry of Industry specifying the
indigenization progress and allowing for almost complete indigenization within five to
seven years. The biggest hurdle was the foreign-exchange clearance required for these
projects. Except for MUL, which had direct access to policy-makers, every other
manufacturer still faced a series of obstacles.
Several new products were launched during this period. All three traditional
carmakers added new models to their ranges – Standard Motors returned to the car business
after 10 years, when in 1985 it introduced the Standard 2000, a Rover SD1 body with the
old two-litre Vanguard engine. HM bought in a 1972 Vauxhall Victor in 1985, transplanted
its ageing Ambassador engine into it and the Contessa was born.

15. THE BIRTH OF THE AMBASSADOR:
In 1957, a small tail fin was added on either side of the rear fenders, along with a
new, dimpled hood, and the car was re-christened the Ambassador Mark I. The car cost
Rs.17,000. In 1963, it underwent a frontal facelift with a closely checkered grille and was
named the Ambassador Mark II. It would be another 12 years before the Ambassador got a
facelift. In 1975, another minor facelift to the same grille and a much bigger frontal facelift
turned out as the Mark III. The Mark IV, launched in 1979, was the last of the Mark cars.
The Ambassador Nova was launched in 1990, followed by Ambassador 1800
ISZ three years later. The Nova was the last Ambassador powered by the 1489cc petrol
engine. In 2004, HM launched the cosmetically-revised Ambassador under the Avigo name.
Designed by Mavendra Singh, the retro look Avigo had classic touch internals like a
centrally mounted console, beige-colored seats and wood finish interiors.
THE CONTESSA YEARS:
The Hindustan Contessa, launched in 1982, was one of the few luxury cars
manufactured in the country in the 1980s and 1990s. It was based on the 1970s vintage
Vauxhall victor. While it was initially launched with the 1489cc engine found in the
Ambassador, the Contessa was soon given the Isuzu engines. There were three versions of
this car - 1.8GLX (Isuzu petrol), 2.0DLX (Isuzu diesel) and the rare 2.0T (Isuzu diesel,
turbo). The last Contessa rolled out in 2002, phased out by the demand for cheap Japanese
cars.
Some of the leading Indian auto players in Indian automobile industry are:
 Premier,
 Tata
 Mahindra and Mahindra
 Maruti
 Hindustan motors
Premier:
The story of premier is the story of one mans vision, Seth Walchand Hirachand. He
not only give India its first car factory but also the country’s first aircraft factory –
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and the country’s first modern ship yard, Hindustan
Shipyard Limited

16. Building India’s first auto factory
Seth Walchand Hirachand has first started the trails to establish an Indian car
manufacturing plant in Indian for which he went to U.S.A. where three largest car
manufacturing companies are located. He wants Indian company to be completely
independent, with Indian management capital and employees, paying royalty or technology
transfer payment to western countries.
After approaching General Motors they insisted on part ownership. Seth Walchand
then moved to second largest automaker Ford; Henry agreed, but delegated the project to
Ford of Canada, which refused. Finally the third largest automaker Chrysler agreed and
singed in an agreement in Bombay in 1940.
The arrival of FIAT:
In 1951, PAL singed up with Fiat to assemble the Fiat 500 in India. In 1952, the
tariff commission spelled out future for the auto industry – indigenize or get out.
Companies like Ford and GM, which had assembly operations in India, packed their bags
and went home. But fiat decided to stick it out and committed itself full-fledged
manufacture of the Millicento in 1954. In sep 1964, PAL and FIAT launched the Fiat 1100
DELITE in India.
The biggest customers for PAL’s were Bombay’s taxi drivers. The Padminies were
easy for maintenance in terms of spares and labour cost, low on running cost, easy to drive
and reasonably tough. It was everything that a taxi driver wants.
by Telco to take on the technically superior Japanese products. The 407 immediately
captured 70 per cent of the market.

18. COMPANY PROFILE
Ford Motor Company
Type Public (NYSE: F
Founded June 17, 1903
Founder Henry Ford
Headquarters Dearborn, Michigan, USA

19. Area served Worldwide
William Clay Ford, Jr - Executive
Key people Chairman
Alan Mulally - President, CEO
Industry Automotive
Products Automotive goods and services
Revenue US$120.1 billion (2006) [1]
Operatin income US$-15.0 billion (2006)[1]
Net income US$-12.6 billion (2006)[1]
Employees 283,000 (2007)[2]
Ford Credit
Ford division
Divisions Lincoln
Mercury
Premier Automotive Group
Automotive Components Holdings
Jaguar
Subsidiaries
Land Rover
Volvo (cars only)
Bold Moves
Have you driven a Ford lately?
Built Ford Tough
Slogan
Built for Life in Canada
Feel the difference
Make Everyday Exciting
Website www.ford.com
Ford Motor Company is an American multinational corporation and the world's third
largest automakr based on worldwide vehicle sales.
In 2006, Ford was the second-ranked automaker in the US with a 17.5% market
share, behind General Motors (24.6%) but ahead of Toyota (15.4%) and DaimlerChrysler
(14.4%). Ford was also the seventh-ranked American-based company in the 2007 Fortune
500 list, based on global revenues of $160.1 billion. In 2006, Ford produced about 6.6
million automobiles, and employed about 280,000 employees at about 100 plants and

20. facilities worldwide. In 2007, Ford had more quality awards from J.D Power than any other
automaker.
Based in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit, the automaker was founded by
Henry Ford and incorporated in June 16, 1903. Ford now encompasses many global brands,
including Lincoln and Mercury of the US, Jaguar and Land Rover of the UK and Volvo of
Sweden. Ford also owns a one-third controlling interest in Mazda.
Ford has been one of the world's ten largest corporations by revenue and in 1999
ranked as one of the world's most profitable corporations, and the number two automaker
worldwide.
Ford introduced methods for large-scale manufacturing of cars and large-scale
management of an industrial workforce, especially elaborately engineered manufacturing
sequences typified by moving assembly lines. Henry Ford's combination of highly efficient
factories, highly paid workers, and low prices revolutionized manufacturing and came to be
known around the world as Fordism by 1914.
History
Henry Ford (ca. 1919)
Ford was launched in a converted factory in 1903 with $28,000 in cash from twelve
investors, most notably John Francis Dodge and Horace Elgin Dodge who would later
found the Dodge Brothers Motor Vehicle Company. During its early years, the company
produced just a few Model T's a day at its factory on Mack Avenue in Detroit, Michigan.
Groups of two or three men worked on each car from components made to order by other

21. companies. Henry Ford was 40 years old when he founded the Ford Motor Company, which
would go on to become one of the largest and most profitable companies in the world, as
well as being one of the few to survive the Great Depression. The largest family-controlled
company in the world, the Ford Motor Company has been in continuous family control for
over 100 years.
Corporate governance:
Members of the board as of early 2007 are: Chief Sir John Bond, Richard Manoogian,
Stephen Butler, Ellen Marram, Kimberly Casiano, Alan Mulally (President and CEO), Edsel
Ford II, Homer Neal, William Clay Ford, Jr., Jorma Ollila, Irvine Hockaday, Jr., John L.
Thornton and William Clay Ford (Director Emeritus).[8]
The main corporate officers are: Lewis Booth (Executive Vice President, Chairman (PAG]
and Ford of Europe), Mark Fields (Executive Vice President, President [The Americas]),
Donat Leclair (Executive Vice President and CFO), Mark A. Schulz (Executive Vice
President, President [International Operations]) and Michael E. Bannister (Group Vice
President; Chairman & CEO Ford Motor Credit.[9]. Paul Mascarenas (Vice President of
Engineering, The Americas Product Development)
FORD IN INDIA:
Ford started its innings with the Mahindra-Ford joint venture formed in 1994, which
produced the Escort out of M&M Nashik plant. After meeting initial success, sales of the
Escort was finally replaced by the Ikon in 1999.
The Ikon marked a new beginning for Ford in India. It rolled out of the
Marajmalaingar plant near Chennai and by now, the company had parted ways with M&M
and was renamed Ford India Ltd in 1998. The Ikon was the first model by a multinational
to be developed specifically for India. Though it was based on the Fiesta, it was a unique
body style and was offered and was offered with an option of three engines, including a
diesel. The car was a big hit. The Ikon underwent several face-lifts and price cuts to keep
demand high. However, fresher competition and a reputation for high-maintenance saw
sales gradually decline. After the arrival of the modern and highly-capable Fiesta, another
made-for-India car, with state-of-the-art engines, the Ikon has been marginalized. The
Fiesta has picked up where the Ikon left and is selling well.

22. Though the Ikon and Fiesta have been the mainstays of Ford’s production in India,
the company has had limited success with other models. The Mondeo, launched in 2001,
was a very talented car by was simply not suited to Indian conditions and earned a
reputation for being exorbitant to maintain.
The Endeavour SUV was launched in early 2004 and has sold well for its niche. The
Endeavour has recently been upgraded in 2007 and this has boosted the appeal of the big
SUV. In 2004, Ford launched the Fusion, which has received a lukewarm response though
the recent diesel variant has perked up sales.
Fortune Ford is an authorized dealer for Ford India Limited, who are one of the
leading manufacturers of top quality cars in India, with many variants in the offering.
Fortune Ford is a 50:50% Joint Venture set up between two well known and
reputed families in Hyderabad, the Modis and the Babu Khans. Fortune Ford is a blend of
experience and youth. The experience and good will that Mr. Misbahuddin Babu Khan and
Mr. Pramod Modi enjoy blend very well with the youth and energy of the youngsters
Bashir, Ashish, Nirav and Siraj to make Fortune Ford a truly world class Ford Dealership.
Fortune Ford markets and services the recently launched truly European Ford
Fiesta, the ever-popular Ford Ikon Flair, the No non-sense car Ford Fusion and the macho
SUV the Ford Endeavour through its sales and service outlets at Hyderabad. The sales
outlet is located strategically at Somajiguda next to Eanadu. We have two service centers,
one at Chapel Road, Abids opposite Stanley College and other one at Fathebagh,
Santhnagar. These centrally located outlets provide convenient and easy access to both the
proud owners as well as prospective buyers. The workforce at Fortune Ford is committed
to excellence in serving all esteemed customers.

23. The Sales Team is made up of dedicated showroom and field executives who are
professionally trained by Ford India Limited. They are adept at guiding the customer
through the entire sales process right from assisting in the choice of model, colour and
features to lending a helping hand in providing attractive buyback options and also
arranging finance at competitive rates.
The Service Centre is armed with the state-of-the art equipment and is in-line with
Ford's exacting Global standards. The service team is technically qualified and trained to
analyze and provide solutions adhering to Quality Care, in order to satisfy even the most
demanding customers.
The Fortune Ford dealership maintains a high standard of excellence in sales and
services by sending its personnel for training on a regular basis to Ford India Limited, to
update them with the latest technological advances in the automotive sphere.
SHOWROOM
We have 5000 sft centrally air conditioned showroom, located in the heart of the city in
Somajiguda, adjacent to Eenadu office and just opp. to Khairtabad RTA. This makes
convenient for almost every one residing in and around Hyderabad and Secunderabad.
The facilities offered from the showroom are :
1. Very easy finance facility with in-house finance team to cater to your every car finance
requirements. All the leading finance counters are available like ICICI, HDFC, KOTAK,
SUNDARAM, SBI, etc.
2. Exchange offer for any of your used car. Free spot evaluation for any usedcar.
3. Professionally trained and courteous sales staff to take care of every relevant needs of the
customers.
4. Ford preferred insurance for cashless transactions in the event of claims. Special offers
on Insurance renewals. You can also renew your insurance by just making call to our
Service marketing help line 9848885962.
Showroom @ Somajiguda

24. 5.Full range of Ford cars with all colors and models to choose from.
6. A good stock of Ford genuine accessories to make your Ford ownership more delightful
and safe.
7. A well maintained fleet of test drive cars to give you the feel and experience the drive
dynamics on actual driving conditions before take the purchase decisions. You can call our
sales help line for test drive or fill the on-line test drive requisition form.
Significant milestones
• The first Indian built Ford Escort rolled off the assembly line in 1996.
• The Company was able to deliver Ford Escorts in seven major cities simultaneously,
in just a month after booking.
• The Special Value Pack program was launched in 1997, with commemorative
'Freedom', followed by the petrol and diesel driven 'Anniversary'. Recent SVPs have
included the Orion, Alpha and Sport - E.
• Ford Escort won the J D Power Award in India Quality Survey in 1997.
• Ford topped the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) ratings in 1997 and 1998, in the
Customer Satisfaction Survey.
• QualityCare, Ford's branded service initiative, provides car owners with superior
services at its dealership countrywide.

25. • The new, integrated manufacturing plant was dedicated in March 1999, where
FORD IKON is manufactured.
• Ford India launched Ford Assured on April 24 2000, a new initiative to buy and sell
used cars of all makes.
• On September 11, 2000. Ford India launched the Ford IKON SXi – the stylish ‘josh’
machine
• Ford India has started exporting Ford IKON
2001 Ford India launched the Ford Mondeo.
2002
• Ford India show cases a wide spectrum of exciting cars at the Auto Expo
• Ford India Limited announced a strategic partnership with Hindustan Motors
Limited (HML).
• Certified QS 9000: 1998, 3rd edition on March 21, 2002 Ford India received the QS
9000 award from TÜV Süddeutschland.
• New Ikon Variant 1.6 EXi was launched
2003:
• The New Ford Ikon NXT launched - The Next Level of Josh.
• Adding Refinement to Josh- Ford India launches Ikon NXT ‘Finesse.’
• Ford Celebrates Centennial in India.
• Ford India launches Ikon NXT SXi.
• Ford India Ranks Highest in J.D. Power India Sales Satisfaction Study.
• Ford launches Ikon Flair at Rs. 4.95 Lakhs.
2004: Autocar SUV of the Year – Winner Ford Endeavour.
2007:
• FORD Motor Company of Southern Africa achieves three wins and two seconds on
this year total economy run
• DOE AWARDS FORD two grants for vehicle fuel efficiency research

26. • FORD MONDEO IS AUTO EXPRESS car of the year
• LAND ROVER DISCOVERY 3 scoops category win at TOWCAR AWARDS
2007
• FORD MONDEO is the Caravan Club TOWCAR of the year 2008.
MANAGEMENT PROFILE:
ARVIND MATHEW – Managing Director and President
Arvind Mathew is the Managing Director and President of
Ford India. He took this position in August 2005.

27. LUCY MILLAR – Vice President, Finance & IT
Lucy is the Vice President of Finance and IT at Ford India. She took up this
position in May 2005. She reports to Arvind Mathew, President and
Managing Director, Ford India.
SCOTT McCORMACK – Vice President, Marketing,
Sales & Service
Scott McCormack is the Vice President, Marketing, Sales
and Service at Ford India. He took this position in July 2006.
Scott reports to Arvind Mathew, President and Managing
Director, Ford India.
NANCY REISIG – Vice President, Human Resources
Nancy Reisig is Vice President, Human Resources at Ford
India. She took this position in March 2005. Nancy reports
to Arvind Mathew, President and Managing Director, Ford
India.
SANDIP SANYAL – Vice President, Supply and Total
Value ManagementSandip Sanyal is the Vice President.

28. PRODUCT PROFILE
Fusion:

29. PRICE(lacs) 6.59
Engine:
Type 4 Cyl. In – Line, 16 – V DOHC
Construction All Aluminium Alloy
Fuel System SEFI
Displacement (cc) 1596
Compression Ratio 9.75:1
Max. Power (ps/rpm) 101 / 6500
Max. Torque (nm/pm) 146 / 3400
Emission Stage Bharat Stage III
Kerb Weight (Kg) 1143
Transmission Manual 5 Speed
MaxSpeed (Kmph) 174
Mileage 11.3
Endeavour:

30. PRICE(lacs) (4X2) 16.16
(4X4) 17.17
Engine:
Type 2.5 litre, 4 Cylinder in-line, Turbocharged & inter-cooled diesel
Displacement (cc) 2499
Max. Power (PS/rpm) 116/3500
Max. Torque 28.5/2000
(kgm/rpm)
Ignition System Compression
Valve System SOHC, 12 Valves
Fuel System Indirect Injection Mechanical Pump
Emission Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Meeting Bharat Stage III
Norms
Kerb Weight (Kg) 1933/1958
Transmission Manual 5 Speed
MaxSpeed (Kmph) 142
Mileage 8.2
Fiesta:

31. Engine 1.4 EXI 1.6 ZXI 1.6 SXI 1.4EXI 1.4 ZXI 1.4 SXI
(TDCi) (TDCi) (TDCi)
Price(in lacs) 6.76 7.28 8.28 8.00 8.52 9.19
Type 4 Cylinder in-Line, 16 Valve 4 Cylinder in-Line, 8 Valve
DOHC SOHC
Construction All-aluminium Alloy
Fuel System SEFI High Pressure Common Rail
Displacement cc 1388 1596 1596 1399 1399 1399
Compression Ratio 9.75:1 9.75:1 9.75:1 18:1 18:1 18:1
Max. Power ps/rpm 82/6000 101/6500 101/6500 68/4000 68/4000 68/4000
Output
Max. Torque Nm/rpm 127/4000 146/3400 146/3400 160/2000 160/2000 160/2000
Emmision Compliance Bharat Stage III
Transmission Type 5 Speed Manual
Kerb Weight (Kg)
MaxSpeed (Kmph) 170/178
Mileage 14.75/13.6
Ikon:

32. PRICE(lacs) 5.50
Engine:
Type 4 Cylinder, 8-V SOHC, Rocam Petrol
Fuel system SEFI
Displacement (cc) 1299
Max. Power (ps/rpm) 70/5500
Max. Torque (Nm/rpm) 105/2500
Transmission Type 5 Speed Manual
Kerb Weight (Kg) 978
MaxSpeed (Kmph) 148
Mileage 10.8
Mondeo:

33. PRICE(lacs) 6.59
Engine:
Engine type 2.0L 16V DOHC Petrol
Displacement 1999 cc
Max. power 142.7 PS/6000 rpm
Max. torque 185 Nm/4500 rpm
Compression ratio 10:8:1
Valves 16V DOHC
Fuel injection Sequential electronic fuel injection (SEFI)
Emission level Bharat Stage III
Construction All Aluminium Alloy
Transmission Type Ford MTX-75 manual 5-speed with
synchromesh
Kerb Weight (Kg)
MaxSpeed (Kmph) 200
Mileage 8.6

34. SOURCE OF DATA

35. Marketing strategy and analysis:
analysis
A marketing strategy is a process that can allow an organization to concentrate its
limited resources on the greatest opportunities to increase sales and achieve a sustainable
competitive advantage.
Any organization that wants to exchange its products or services in the market place
successfully should have a Strategic Marketing plan to guide the allocation of its resources.
A strategic marketing plan usually evolves from an organization’s overall corporate strategy
and serves as a guide for specific marketing programs and policies. Marketing strategy is
based on a situation analysis- a detailed assessment of the current marketing conditions
facing the company, its product lines, or its individual brands. From this situation analysis,
a firm develops an understanding of the market and the various opportunities it offers, the
competition and the market segments or target markets the company wishes to pursue.
Marketing strategy is the complete and unbeatable plan, designed specifically for
attaining the marketing objectives of the firm/business unit. The marketing objectives
indicate what the firm wants to achieve; the marketing strategy provides the design for
achieving them.
For example, if the marketing objectives of a business unit stipulate that next year, it
should achieve a sales revenue of Rs. 1,000 crore and a net profit of 15 percent of sales
revenue, it is the job of marketing strategy to indicate how and wherefrom this sale and
profit will come, which product lines/products/brands will accomplish this task and how.
Marketing strategy forms an integral part of marketing planning. A marketing
strategy is most effective when it is an integral component of corporate strategy, defining
how the organization will successfully engage customers, prospects, and competitors in the
market arena. It is partially derived from broader corporate strategies, corporate missions,
and corporate goals. As the customer constitutes the source of a company's revenue,
marketing strategy is closely linked with sales. A key component of marketing strategy is
often to keep marketing in line with a company's overarching mission statement.

36. MARKETING AND PROMOTIONS PROCESS MODEL:
Development of marketing program requires an in-depth analysis of the market.
This analysis may make extensive use of market research as an input into the planning
process.
Marketing
Strategy and Target marketing Market planning
analysis process program development target market
promot-
Identifying ion
Opportunity markets Product to Ultimate
analysis decisions final consumer
Promotional buyer
decisions
 Consumers
 Businesses
Market Pricing Advertising
segmentation decisions Direct
Competitive marketing
analysis Interactive
marketing
Sales
promotion
Publicity and
Selecting & Channel of public Purchase
Target relations
distributio
Target marketing Personal
n selling
marketing Promotion
decisions
to
trade
Positioning Resellers
through marketing
strategies
This input, in turn, provides the basis for the development of marketing strategies in
regard to product, pricing, distribution and promotion decisions. Each of these steps
requires a detailed analysis, since this plan serves as the road map to follow in achieving
marketing goals. Once the detailed market analysis has been completed and marketing

37. objectives have been established, each element in the market mix must contribute to a
comprehensive integrated marketing program. Of course, the promotional program element
must be combined with all other program elements in such a way as to achieve maximum
impact.
Formulating the marketing strategy:
Basically, formulation of marketing strategy consists of three main tasks:
1. Selecting the target market,
2. Positioning the offer,
3. Assembling the marketing mix.
This implies that the essence of the marketing strategy of a firm for a given
product or brand can be grasped from the target market chosen, the way it is positioned and
how the marketing mix is organized. The target market shows to whom the unit intends to
sell the products; positioning and marketing mix together show how and using what
uniqueness or distinction, the unit intends to sell. The three together constitute the
marketing strategy platform of the given product.
SELECTING THE TARGET MARKET:
To say that target market selection is a part of marketing strategy development is just
stating the obvious. It does not fully bring out the import of the inseparable likage between
the two. When the selection of the target market is over, an important part of the marketing
strategy of the product is determined, defined and expressed.
Marketing targeting simply means choosing one’s target market. It needs to be
clarified at the outset that market targeting is not synonymous with market segmentation.
Segmentation is actually tee prelude to target market selection. One has to carry out several
tasks besides segmentation before choosing the target market.
Through segmentation, a firm divides the market into many segments. But all these
segments need not form its target market. Target market signifies only those segments that
it wants to adopt as its market. A selection is thus involved in it.

38. Marketing segmentation is a process that throws up not one but several market
segments. There may be segments that are sizeable and the ones that are not so sizeable.
There may be segments assuring immediate profits and the ones that call for heavy
investments in market development. There may also be segments that show great potential,
but display tough barriers to entry. As such, the question, which segment/segments, the firm
should select as its target market, assumes crucial importance.
STRATEGIC MARKET SEGMENTATION:
Market Segmentation is “dividing up a market into distinct groups that (1) have
common needs and (2) will respond similarly to a marketing action”, which was said by
Eric N.Berkowitz, Roger A.Kerin, and William Redulius.
The Segmentation process involves five distinct steps:
 Finding ways to group consumers according to their needs.
 Finding ways to group the marketing actions – usually the products offered –
available to the organization.
 Developing a market-product grid to relate the market segments to the firm’s
products or actions.
 Selecting the target segments toward which the firm directs its marketing actions.
 Taking marketing actions to reach target segments.
Markets can be segmented using several relevant bases. For example, demographic
characteristics of consumers, such as age, sex, income/purchasing capacity, education level
etc, form one base for segmentation. Geographic characteristics constitute another; and
buying behavior of the consumers forms yet another base.
The various types of segmentations are
 Geographic segmentation
 Demographic segmentation
 Psychographic segmentation
 Buyer behavior
 Benefits segmentation
 Volume of purchase segmentation

39. POSITIONING:
Positioning is a platform for the brand. It facilitates the brand to get through to the
target consumers.
It is defined as “the art and science of fitting the product or service to one or more
segments of the broad market in such a way as to set it meaningfully apart from
competition.”
Positioning is the act of fixing the locus of the product offer in the minds of the
target consumers. In positioning, the firm decides how and around what parameters, the
product offer has to be placed before the target consumers. The significance of product
positioning can be easily understood from David Ogilvy’s words: “The results of your
campaign depends less on how we write your advertising than on how your product is
positioned”.
Definitions of product positioning:
Sengupta, in his book Brand Positioning says, “ The aim of product positioning is to create
a perception for our brand in the prospect’s mind so that it stands apart from competing
brands… we must cover that space in the consumer’s mind as if we had won a long-term
lease. We must find a strong position in that mind and sit on it….”
Micheal Rothschild, in his book Marketing Communications – From Fundamentals to
Strategies says, “Positioning refers to the place a brand occupies in the mind in relation to a
given product class. This place was originally a product-related concept…. Concerning
market structure. The concept now refers to the place that the brand holds in the consumer’s
mind related to perceptions and preferences”.
Developing a Positioning Strategy:
To create a position for a product or service, Trout and Ries suggest that managers
ask them selves six basic questions.
1. What position, if any, do we already have in the prospect’s mind?
2. What position do we want to own?
3. What companies must be outgunned if we are to establish that position?

40. 4. Do we have enough marketing money to occupy and hold the position?
5. Do we have the guts to stick with one consistent positioning strategy?
6. Does our creative approach match our positioning strategy?
PRODUCT POSITIONING AND BRAND POSITIONING:
It is essential to understand the relationship between products positioning and brand
positioning. Though in discussions, the two terms are synonymously and interchangeable
used, technically they are different.
Product positioning denotes the specific product category/product class in which the
given product is opting to compete. And brand positioning denotes the positioning of the
brand viz-a viz the competing brands in the chosen product category.
It is evident that for any product, before entering the market it has to sequentially
carry out the two exercises, product positioning and brand positioning. In the first step, the
product category where the new entrant should enter and compete, i.e. against what all
products it has to compete, has to be decided. In this step, it is the broad function that the
product is trying to serve that matters. This choice of product category will decide the
nature of the competition the product is going to face. Once product category positioning is
decided, the position for the new entrant against competing brands in the chosen product
category has to be analyzed and fixed.
ISSUES IN PRODUCT POSITIONING:
• Where is the new offer going to compete? As what?
• Which product function/customer need is it trying to meet?
• What other product categories serve this need? In other words, what are the
substitute products that serve the same need?
• Where is the real gap, where is such a new offer most welcome and wanted
by the market?
• What are company’s competencies to fight here?
ISSUES IN BRAND POSITIONING:
In deciding the Brand positioning, the issues are:
• Which are the competing brands in the chosen product category?

41. • What are the unique claims/strengths of the various brands?
• What position do they enjoy in consumer’s evaluation and perception?
• What is the most favoured position…? And yet vacant?
• Can the new brand claim the needed distinction and take the position and
satisfy the need?
The major dimension of marketing strategy relates to positioning of the offer. The
firm has already selected the target market and decided its basic offer. Now, what is the
conjunction between these two entities? How do they get connected? What is the interface?
In other words.
What is the locus the firm seeks among the customers in the chosen targer market with its
offering?
How would the firm want the consumer to view and receive the offer?
These are the issues the firm has to grapple with in positioning. And, while
formulating the marketing mix too, the firm will agitate over these issues. The Product
Differentiation and Positioning discusses the multifarious issues involved in the subject.
PRODUCT REPOSITIONING :
Products do undergo ‘repositioning’ as they go along their life cycle. In some cases,
even products that are fairing well are repositioned. This is done mainly to enlarge the
reach of the product offer and to increase the sale of the product by appealing to a wider
target market. The product is provided with some new features or it is associated with some
new target segments.
PROMOTIONAL DECISIONS:
Promotion has been defined as the coordination of all seller initiated efforts to set up
channels of information and persuasion in order to sell goods and services or promote an
idea. While implicit communication occurs through the various elements of the marketing
mix, most of an organization’s communications with the market The basic tools used to
accomplish an organization’s communication objectives are often referred to as the
promotional mix.
The promotional mix

42. Advertising Direct Interactive/ Sales Publicity/ Personal
marketing promotion selling
internet Public
marketing relations
 Advertising:
Advertising is defined as any paid form of non personal communication about an
organization, product, service, or idea by an identified sponsor. The paid aspect of this
definition reflects the fact that the space or time for an advertising message generally must
be bought. An occasional exception to this is the public service announcement, whose
advertising space or time is donated by the media.
Advertising is the best-known and most widely discussed form of promotion,
probably because of its pervasiveness. It is also very important promotional tool,
particularly for companies, whose products and services are targeted at mass consumer
markets.
It is a very cost-effective method for communicating with large audiences. It can be
used to create brand images and symbolic appeals for a company or brand.
 Direct Marketing:
One of the fastest-growing sectors of the U.S. economy is direct marketing, in
which organizations communicate directly with target customers to generate a response and
a transaction. It has become such an integral part of the IMC program of many organizations
and often involves separate objectives, budgets, and strategies, we view direct marketing as
a component of the promotional mix.
Direct Marketing is much more than direct mail and mail order catalogs. It involves
a variety of activities, including database management, direct selling, telemarketing and
direct response ads through direct mail, the Internet, and various broadcast and print media.
One of the major tools of direct marketing is direct response advertising, whereby
a product is promoted through an ad that encourages the consumer to purchase directly from
the manufacturer.
 Interactive/Internet Marketing:

43. Interactive media allow for the back-and-forth flow of information whereby users
can participate in and modify the form and content of the information they receive in real
time. Unlike traditional forms of marketing communications such as advertising, which are
one-way in nature, the new media allow users to perform a variety of functions such as
receive and alter information and images, make inquiries, respond to questions and of
course make purchases. In addition to the Internet, other forms of interactive media include
CD-ROMs, Kiosks, and interactive television.
 Sales Promotion:
The next variable in the promotional mix is sales promotion, which is generally
defined as those marketing activities that provide extra value or incentives to the sales force,
the distributors, or the ultimate consumer and can stimulate immediate sales, sales
promotion is generally broken into two major categories:
• Consumer-oriented and
• Trade-oriented activities
Consumer-oriented sales promotion is targeted to the ultimate user of a product or service
and includes couponing, sampling, premiums, rebates, contests, sweepstakes, and various point-
of-purchase materials.
Trade-oriented sales promotions are targeted towards marketing intermediaries such as
wholesalers, distributors and retailers.
 Publicity/Public Relations:
Publicity refers to non personal communications regarding an organization, product,
service, or idea not directly paid for or run under identified sponsorship. It usually comes in
the form of a news story, editorial or announcement about an organization and its products
and services. Like advertising, publicity is not directly paid for by the company.
An advantage of publicity over other forms of promotion is its credibility. Another
advantage of publicity is its low cost, since the company is not paying its time or space in a
mass medium such as TV, radio or newspapers.
Public relations are defined as “the management function which evaluates public
attitudes, identifies the policies and procedures of an individual or organization with the
public interests and executes a program of action to earn public understanding and
acceptance”. Public relations generally have a broader objective than publicity, as its

44. purpose is to establish and maintain a positive image of the company among its various
publics.
 Personal Selling:
It is a form of person-to-person communication in which a seller attempts to assist
and persuade prospective buyers to purchase the company’s product or service or to act on
an idea. Unlike advertising, personal selling involves direct contact between buyer and
seller, either face-to-face or through some form of telecommunications such as telephone
sales. Personal selling involves more immediate and precise feedback because the impact of
the sales presentation can generally be assessed from the customer’s reactions.
ASSEMBLING THE MARKETING MIX:
Assembling the marketing mix means assembling the four Ps of marketing in the
best possible combination. Involved in this process are the choice of the appropriate
marketing activities and the allocation of the appropriate marketing effort/resources to each
one of them. The firm has to find out how it can generate the targeted sales and profit. It
considers different marketing mixes with varying levels of expenditure on each marketing
activity and tries to figure out the effectiveness of different combinations in terms of the
possible sales and profits. It then chooses the combination/mix of products, price, place and
promotion that is best according to its judgment.
Since marketing is essentially an interaction between the marketing mix and
environmental variable, and since the latter and non-controllable, marketing becomes
synonymous with assembling and managing the marketing mix. Of course, while
assembling the marketing mix, the marketing manager will take due note of the
environmental variables. Not only will he take due not of them, he will ensure that his
marketing mix suits the environmental variables. And, its it factor that renders tha task much
more complex.
MARKEGING MIX: THE SOLE VEHICLE FOR CREATING AND DELIVERING
CONSUMER VALUE
The four elements mentioned above- product, distribution, promotion and pricing
constitute the marketing mix of the firm. The marketing mix is the sole vehicle for creating
and delivering customer value.

45. It can be easily seen that all activities and programmes, which a marketer designs
and caries out in his effort at winning customers, relate to one or the other of the above four
elements- product, place, promotion and pricing. It can also be seen that in each of these
elements, there are several sub-elements. For example, packaging is one of the sub-
elements of product and warehousing is one of the sub-elements of distribution.
The Four Ps of Marketing:
It was James Culliton, a noted marketing expert, who coined the expression
marketing mix and described the marketing manager as a mixer of ingredients. To quote
him, `The marketing man is a decider and an artist – a mixer of ingredients, who sometimes
follows a recipe developed by others and sometimes prepare his own recipe. And,
sometimes he adapts his recipe to the ingredients that are readily available and sometimes
invents some new ingredients, or, experiments with ingredients as no one else has tried
before.
Subsequently, Niel H.Borden, another noted marketing expert, popularized the
concept of marketing mix.
It was Jerome McCarthy, the well-known American professor of marketing, who
first described the marketing mix in terms of the four Ps. He classified the marketing mix
variables under four heads, each beginning with the alphabet “P”.
• Product
• Place
• Price
• Promotion
McCarthy has provided an easy-to-remember description of the marketing mix
variables. Over the years, the terms – Marketing mix and Four Ps of marketing have
come to be used synonymously.
Assembling and managing the marketing mix is the crux of the marketing task. And,
it is through the marketing mix that the marketing manager achieves the marketing
objectives.
MARKETING STRATEGIES FALL UNDER TWO CATEGORIES:
We have seen that target market selection, positioning and marketing

46. mix formulation together constitute marketing strategy. We have also seen that a firm can
assemble the marketing mix elements in many different ways, depending on the relative
weightage it assigns to the different elements. The scope to carve out different
combinations is, in fact immense. As a result, business firms are able to employ an
abundance of strategies and strategy stances in their relentless race to stay ahead of
competition. However, a close scrutiny will reveal that all these strategies can be fitted into
two broad categories
1. PRICE ORIENTED MARKETING STRATEGY
2. DIFFERENTIATION ORIENTED MARKETING STRATEGY
In other words, there are only two broad routes available for forging marketing
strategies: any strategy has to be ultimately either a price-oriented strategy or a
differentiation-oriented strategy.
PRICE ORIENTED MARKETING STRATEGY:
Firms taking to the price route in marketing strategy compete on the strength of
pricing. They use price as their competitive lever. They juggle the price of their product to
suit the prevailing competitive reality. They can afford to offer lower prices and still make
the targeted profits. They elbow out competition with the cushion they enjoy in the matter
of pricing.
Price route requires cost leadership, evidently, a firm opting for the price route will
have to have a substantial cost advantage in their operations. It should be enjoying an
overall cost leadership in the given industry and its lower cost should enable it to secure
above average returns inspite of strong competition. The cost advantage can emanate from
different factors like, scale economies, earlyu entry, a large market share built over a period
of time, locational advantage, or synergy among the different businesses. The firms whole
strategy, in fact will revolve around building such cost advantage.
To successfully practice a price-led strategy, a firm should have consciously taken to
the idea sufficiently early in its evolutionary process and prepared itself for adopting such a
strategy.

47. DIFFERENTIATION ORIENTED MARKETING STRATEGY:
STRATEGY
The differentiation route of strategy revolves around aspects other than price. It
works on the principle that a firm can make its offer distinctive from all competing offers
and win through the distinctiveness. And, a firm adopting such route can price its product
on the perceived value of the attributes of the offer and not necessarily on competition-
parity basis.
Maximum scope for exploiting differentiation remains with the product. While all
the 4Ps of marketing are important elements from the point of view of strategy, the other Ps
normally go as elaborations of the offer, while the product forms its core.
Product differentiation is of vital importance in product management and has great
potential in forgoing successful marketing strategies.
The product can be differentiated along two major planks:
1. Tangible product attributes and functions,
2. Intangible characteristics and emotional associations.
The tangible product attributes and functions are
• Differentiation based on ingredients,
• Differentiation based on functional value,
• Differentiation based on additional features,
• Packaging contributing to differentiation,
• Differentiation based on Quality, Operational Efficiency, Technology, Service.
DIGITAL MARKETING:
Digital Marketing is the practice of promoting products and services using digital
distribution channels to reach consumers in a timely, relevant, personal and cost-effective
manner.
Whilst digital marketing does include many of the techniques and practices
contained within the category of Internet Marketing, it extends beyond this by including
other channels with which to reach people that do not require the use of The Internet. As a
result of this non-reliance on the Internet, the field of digital marketing includes a whole
host of elements such as mobile phones, sms/mms, display / banner ads and digital outdoor.
BUZZ MARKETING (WORD OF MOUTH):

48. Word of mouth, is a reference to the passing of information by verbal means,
especially recommendations, but also general information, in an informal, person-to-person
manner. Word of mouth is typically considered a face-to-face spoken communication,
although phone conversations, text messages sent via SMS and web dialogue, such as
online profile pages, blog posts, message board threads, instant messages and emails are
often now included in the definition of word of mouth. There is some overlap in meaning
between word of mouth and the following: rumor, gossip, innuendo, and hearsay; however
word of mouth is more commonly used to describe positive information being spread rather
than negative, although this is not always the case.
Word-of-mouth promotion, also known as buzz marketing and viral advertising, is
highly valued by advertisers. It is believed that this form of communication has valuable
source credibility. Research points to individuals being more inclined to believe WOMM
than more formal forms of promotion methods; the receiver of word-of-mouth referrals
tends to believe that the communicator is speaking honestly and is unlikely to have an
ulterior motive (i.e. they are not receiving an incentive for their referrals). In order to
promote and manage word-of-mouth communications, marketers use publicity techniques
as well as viral marketing methods to achieve desired behavioral response. Influencer
marketing is increasingly used to seed WOMM by targeting key individuals that have
authority and a high number of personal connections.
EVANGELISM MARKETING:
It is an advanced form of word of mouth marketing (WOMM) in which companies
develop customers who believe so strongly in a particular product or service that they
freely try to convince others to buy and use it. The customers become voluntary advocates,
actively spreading the word on behalf of the company.
Evangelism literally comes from the three words of 'bringing good news' and the
marketing term justly draws from the religious sense, as consumers are literally driven by
their beliefs in a product or service, which they preach in an attempt to convert others.
EFFECTIVE SALES PROMOTION:
Sales promotion consists of diverse collection of incentive tools mostly short
term, designed to stimulate quicker and greater purchase of particular products of services

49. by the consumer. Sales promotion is the only method that makes use of incentives to
complete the push-pull promotional strategy of motivating the sale force, the dealer and the
consumer in transacting a sale.
Price-Offs Offer:
Price-off offers refers to offering the product at lower than the normal price. This
encourages immediate sales, attracts non-users, induces product trail and counters
competition.
Premium:
Premium refers to the offer of an article of merchandise as an incentive in or
to sell the product.
Coupons:
In order to encourage product trail, stimulate re-purchase rate and build
loyalty through news papaers.
Dealer stock display contests:
It is a type of point of purchase advertising which uses the show windows of
the dealer for providing exposure to the sponsor’s products.
Dealer participating enthusiastically and creatively are awarded
DEFENDING MARKET SHARE:
While trying to expand total market size, the dominant firm must continuously
defend it current business against rival attacks. This step is very much essential for the
market leader firm because the challenger firms are constantly to exploit the weaknesses of
the leader firms.
EXPANDING MARKET SHARE:
Market leaders can improve their profitability by increasing their market share. But
for few market leaders whose share in the total market is insignificantly high, the
expansion of market share n the total market may be proved both as expensive and risky.
Therefore it is better for such leader firms in spending their time in building up the market

50. size rather than expanding the market share. The reason for this action may be attributed to
two factors:
1. The market leader firms might attract the provisions of various anti-trust
legislations. The rival competitors will try to force the Government to bring
legislations against the “MONOPOLISATION”
2. The second reason being the economic factors. The cost of making further gains in
the market share after a large share has been achieved may rise fast and reduce the
profit margin.
HARASSMENT STRATEGY:
The market leader firm will resort to an harassment strategy in order to promote its
market share. As a part of this strategy, the leader form might approach the suppliers and
threaten to reduce its purchases. If the latter supply the upstart firm, sometimes it might
put pressure on distributors not to carry the competitors product. The salesman of leader
firm might speak negatively about competitors. It may also try to hire away the better
executives of an aggressive firm. Sometimes, the market leader firm will try to restrain
these competitions through legal devices. It might push legislation that would be more
unfavorable to the competitors than to itself.
The aim of defensive strategy is to reduce the profitability of attack, divert attacks to
less threatening areas, and lessen the intensity of attack. Any attack is likely to hurt profits.
But the defender’s form and speed of response can make an important difference in the
profit consequences.
There are 6 defense strategies that a dominant firm can use:
1. Position Defense:
The basic idea of defense is to build an impregnable fortification around one’s
territory.
2. Flank Defense:
The market leader should not only guard its territory but also erect outposts to
protect
a weak front or possibly serve as an invasion base for counter attacking.
3. Preemptive Defense:
A more aggressive defense maneuver is to launch an attack on the enemy before the

51. enemy starts its offense against the leader. Preemptive defense assumes that an ounce of
prevention is worth more than a pound of cure.
4. Counteroffensive Defense:
Most market leaders, when attacked will respond counterattack. The leader cannot
remain passive in the face of a competitor’s price cut, promotion blitz, product
improvement, or sales territory invasion. The leader has the strategic choice of meeting the
attacker frontally, maneuvering against the attacker’s flank, or launching a princer
movement to cut off the attacking formation from their base operation.
5. Mobile Defense:
Mobile defense involves more than the leader aggressively defending it territory. In
mobile defense, the leader stretches it domain over new territories than serve as future
centers for defense and offense.
6. Contraction defense:
Large companies recognize that they can no longer defend all the territory. Their
focus are spread too thin, and competitors are nibbling away on several funds. The best
course of action then appears to be planned contraction (also called strategic withdrawal).
INNOVATION STRATEGY:
The market leader may innovate several strategies in respect of new product ideas,
customer services, means of distribution, cost cutting discovery. In addition to these, a
leader may discourage its competition particularly challenge firm.
FORTIFICATION STRATEGY:
In order to protect its market share, the market leader may try to keep it product
prices reasonable in relation to the perceived valued of the offer and competitors offer. The
leader produces it brand in a variety of sizes and firms.
CONFRONTATION STRATEGY:
If leader firm faces an extremely aggressive challenger, whose actions demand a
quick and direct response. In such a situation, the market leader will engage any
promotional war, engaging in a massive promotional expenditure that the aggressive
challenger cannot match. The leader firm may engage in the price war whenever a new

52. challenger is considering to enter in its market. This strategy will frighten the potential
competitions and make then to withdraw from entering the market.

53. MARKETING
STRATEGIES OF
FORD
MARKETING STRATEGIES OF FORD:
• Product differentiation based on operational efficiency:
FORD EXCELLING THROUGH SERVICE: Ford tries to differentiate its offer on
the plank of service. It has gone in for a new norm in customer service: “fix it right-the
first time-on time”. Ford is also supplying videotapes showing how repairs have to be
done.
• Adopting Offer to Suit Target Segment:
Ford modifies its models for India:
Ford modified its models for the Indian target segments as shown below:

54.  Higher ground clearance to make the car more compatible to the rougher road surface in
India.
 Stiffer rear springs to enable negotiating the ubiquitous patholes on Indian roads.
 Changes in cooling requirement, with greater airflow to the rear.
 Higher resistance to dust.
 Compatibility of engine with the quality of fuel available in India.
 Location of horn buttons on the steering vehicles. (As the India motorist uses the horn more
frequently, for cars sold in India, the horn buttons are kept on the steering wheel and not on
a lever on the side as in the models sold in Europe.)
• Strategic segmentation of cars:
The Ford in India has launched the car only for few segment of people.
The segmentation of car buyers based on price preferences are
• Family car segment: These cars forms a reasonably sizeable segment of the market
(around 15 percent).
Preferred price range is from 5 lakh to 6 lakh.
‘FORD IKON’ AND ‘FORD FUSION’ come under this type of segment.
• Premium car segment: This segment represents buyers who need a real world-class car
and are willing to pay the due price.
Preferred price range starts from 8 lakh to 12 lakh.
‘FORD FIESTA’, ‘FORD MONDEO’ come under this segment of cars.
• SUV segment: The buyers of this segment like to have a big vehicles.
And these cars are also useful for sport riding and even on hill areas. There body is
designed similar to offroad vehicles, which can withstand to Indian roads.
‘FORD ENDEAVOUR’ occupies this segment.
• Strategic Promotions by FORD:
Ford follows the promotions at two levels, they a

55. 1) Promotions of product directly by the manufacturer.
2) Promotions at dealer level.
In the first step the products of vehicles manufactured by the Ford Automotives are directly
promoted by the manufacturer by himself. He follows many promotional strategies like
1. Advertising through television and newspaper.
2. Internet or interactive marketing.
3. Direct marketing.
In the second step the dealer of the vehicles promotes the vehicles.
The various promotional strategies followed by the Fortune Ford at dealer are
1. Advertising though news papers, radios, palm plates. In this all the features of the
product and its prices are given in detail to the customer.
2. In televisions the scrolling are given about the product and its features.
Hoardings:
A heavy picture of the product which comprises of its attributes and special features are
displayed on the roadsides in the form of hoardings. It is a bit expensive strategy but
attracts many people who pass by that roadside.
This type of advertisement is prepared for those segments of people who cannot
afford their time in reading newspapers and watching televisions. While travelling from
their home to office, moving on their business activities they may watch these hoardings.
These hoarding are especially setup at the road signal stops.
Maintaining Data Bank:
In this the dealer collects personal/bio-data(address and contact number) of many
people from various organizations and different sector who are ready to buy the vehicles and
who change the vehicles regularly.
These people are met-in person or contacted through their contact number. The
various new features and new offers regarding the vehicles are advocated to them and are
given discounts on group purchase of vehicles, i.e. if 5 or more friends in the group
purchase the cars at a time then they are given special discounts on the vehicles.

56. Free Insurance:
The Fortune Ford gives a special offer of free insurance on the purchase of each
vehicle to its new customers.
Relationship Marketing:
Fortune Ford pays a special attention towards its old customers. To retain the old
and existing customers it conducts a corporate meet at a luxurious hotel. The event aims at
knowing the problems of the customers regarding the vehicles and also service feedback.
In this way it maintains an effective relationship with the customers and gains the
reputation and goodwill in the minds of the customers.
Sales Promotion:
The sales promotion is done in the fortune ford at three levels:
1. Showroom sales: In this the customers walk in to the showrooms to know about the
details of the product. Specially trained sales executives who are present in the
showrooms give a detailed explanation about the product to the customers.
Sales executives give a detailed note on the products features, various offers
given by the manufacturer and also by the dealer to the customer and enhances
the sales of the vehicles.
2. Corporate sales: A special team of sales executives are sent to some big corporate
sectors and there they personally meet the heads of the organizations like C.E.O’s,
Managers etc., and explain about the vehicles and the offers and special schemes
provided by the dealer to them on bulk purchase of the vehicles and try to promote the
sales of the vehicles.
3. Field sales: The sales executives conduct some events with the corporate working
people and try to demonstrate the product features and its benefits and try to promote
the product and increase its sales.
Conducting Customer Delight Program:
This is a unique program conducted by the Fortune Ford. This is a program
conducted to retain the old customers of the Ford. The old customers of the Fortune Ford
are meet personally and they are requested to give their feedback by filling in the

57. questionnaire which is specially prepared for them. In this questionnaire their problems
regarding the vehicle and also their post sale service experience are taken. If there exists
any problem, then the Fortune Ford service men try to resolve the problems of their
customers as soon as possible and makes the customer satisfied.
This is a technique to attract the new customers by satisfying the old customers and
gaining goodwill in the market.
STRATEGIC SALES STANDARDS:
Fortune Ford maintains strategic sales standards in the following manner.
 The Sales faculty is clean, tidy and inviting, making customers comfortable while
purchasing products and availing services.
 Customers are courteously acknowledged within two minutes of their arrival and are
advised that a Sales Consultant will be available upon request.
 The Sales Consultant’s appearance and dress will be of the highest standards.
 An advisory relationship is established between the customer and the Sales
Consultant who listens to the customer, identifies their needs and ensures that they
are met.
 A pleasant, non-pressured purchase experience will be provided during which a
thorough demonstration of the vehicle features and benefits will be made.
 A test drive will be offered to all customers.
 Using a check list, the Sales Consultant delivers the vehicle in perfect condition
when promised.
 Customers will be contacted within one week after delivery to ensure total
satisfaction.
MAINTAINING SERVICE STANDARDS:
 An efficient service facility allows a customer to avail all the service provided by
Fortune Ford, in a clean and welcoming environment.
 An appointment is available within 5 working days of the customer’s request.
 Customers are courteously acknowledged within two minutes of their arrival and
the write-up will begin with five minutes.
 Service needs are courteously identified, accurately recorded on the repair order
and verified with the customer.

58.  The vehicle is serviced right on the first visit.
 The vehicle is ready on the agreed upon time.
 A through explanation of work done, warranty coverage and charges is given to
the customer.
 All service repair work will be followed up within five working days.
 Each vehicle will be washed before being returned to the customer.
EXTENDED WARRANTY:
Fortune Ford gives an extended warranty to its customers where there will be an
extended time duration in the warranty.
What is Extended Warranty?
♦ Factory Warranty covers only for a specific period of time/mileage.
♦ After the factory warranty expires, customer is exposed to the risk of parts failures.
This is applicable for any machine/equipment/vehicle.
Extended Warranty:
♦ Is an extension of Factory Warranty
♦ Offers almost similar coverage as Factory Warranty
♦ Comes with a time-bound (eg. 1yr/2yrs but unlimited mileage cap)
♦ Covers all Mechanical and Electrical Failures
♦ Covers labour
Why is extended warranty needed?
♦ Offers peace of mind motoring
♦ Protects against unexpected and non-budgeted expenses
♦ Can be transferred, hence increases the resale value.
What does it NOT cover?
♦ Does not cover wear and tear of parts
♦ Does not cover scheduled service items
♦ Does not cover accident repairs
Benefits to customer
♦ Protection from manufacturing and material defects
♦ Car can be repaired at any Ford out let across the country

59. ♦ Unlimited number of claims
♦ No excess to pay
♦ One up-front payment only
♦ Inflation protection from rising costs of parts and labour
♦ All repairs carried out by qualified Ford technicians
♦ Warranty can be transferred when vehicle is sold – better resale value
♦ Total peace of mind
TOTAL MAINTENANCE PLAN
What is Total Maintenance Plan?
♦ Cost of ownership is the key factor while considering vehicle purchases
♦ As part of regular maintenance, customers spend on
a) Maintenance parts that are to be replace at specific intervals
b) Replacement of worn out parts
c) Labour charge for the above
♦ A comprehensive maintenance plan by Ford will serve as a good tool to improve the
service experience and minimize concerns on cost of ownership of the vehicle
♦ Total Maintenance Plan (TMP) is a complete service solution provided to the
customer. This enables the customer to have total peace of mind in the form of a
“Maintenance Holiday”
What does it cover?
♦ Scheduled servicing like Engine Oil change, Fuel filter, Oil filter, Spark plugs etc.
♦ Non-scheduled maintenance like Brake Pads/Shoes, Brake Discs, Clutch Plates,
Lower Suspension Arms, Shock Absorbers etc..
♦ Mechanical/Electrical repairs
♦ Labour for all the above
What does it NOT cover?
♦ Accident repairs
♦ Tyres
♦ Fuel
Benefits to the customer
♦ Total peace of mind
♦ Fixed price for next 2 to 3 years
♦ Increased residual value of the car
♦ Only Ford genuine parts are used
♦ Can avail this service across the country at all Ford authorized outlets

60. ♦ Transferable
♦ Incase of total loss, can be cancelled
♦ Ford factory backed programme
♦ Diagnosis/repairs as per recommended standards and practices
♦ Vehicles serviced by Ford trained and certified technicians

61. RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES AND LIMITATIONS:
MARKETING RESEARCH:
Definition of marketing research research as approved as by the board of directors of
the association of American marketing association is:

62. “Marketing research is the function which links the customer and public to the
marketer through information – information used to identity and define marketing
opportunities and problems generate define and understanding of marketing as process”.
Simply, marketing research is the systematic design collection analysis and
reporting of data finding relevant to a specific marketing situation facing the company.
Carefully planning through all stages of the research is a necessity.
Objectivity in research is all-important. The heart of scientific method is the
objective gathering of the information.
The function as marketing research with in the company as to provide the
information and analytical necessary for effective.
 Planning of the future marketing activity.
 Control of the marketing operation in the present.
 Evaluation of marketing results.
A research may under take any of the three types of research investigation depending upon
the problem. These type of research included:
1. Basic research
2. Applied research
3. Designated Fact Gathering
BASIC RESEARCH:
It is also known as the pure fundamental research, which refers to those studies, sole
purpose of which is the discovery of new information. It is conducted to extend the
horizons on given area of knowledge with no immediate application to existing problems.
APPLIED RESEARCH:
It is attempt to apply the various marketing technique, which have been developed as
research, first and later on they become applied research techniques. It is on attempt to
apply the basic principles and existing knowledge for the purpose of solving operational
problems.
DESIGNATED FACT GATHERING:
It refers to a research where the investigation attempts to gather some pre-
determined data.
STEPS IN MARKETING RESEARCH:

63. Marketing research process can be out through following steps.
Define the problems and research objectives
Develops the research plan
Collect the information
Analysis and interpretation
Present the finding.
RESEARCH METHOD:
It must be classified on the basis of the major purpose of the investigation. In this
problem description studies have been undertaken, as the objective of the project is to
conduct the market shares study to determine the share of market received by the company
to the competitor.
DATA COLLECTION:
The information needed to further proceed had been collected through primary and
secondary data.
PRIMARY DATA:
It consists of information collected for the specific purpose, survey research was
used and he all the details of Ford and their competitors were contacted. Survey research is
the approached gathering description and information.
CONTACTED METHOD:
The information was solicited by administering structured questionnaire to the
customer and dealers, thus getting to know directly from the dealers their sales before and
after sales service.
SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION:

64. The secondary data consists of information that already existing somewhere having
been collected for another purpose. Any researcher begins the research work by first going
through secondary data. Secondary data includes the information available with company.
It may be the findings of research previously done in the field. Secondary data can also be
collected from the magazines, news papers, internet other service conducted by researchers.
METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION:
The basic method adopted in conducting the study is a structured questionnaire.
Questionnaire is administered on the sample respondents. How ever there are certain cases
where personal interactive method is followed with customers to find the satisfaction level.

65. ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION
Analysed Survey Report
1. Which of the following Ford car you own?

66. a) Fiesta
b) Ikon
c) Endeavour
d) Fusion
Data analysis:
Name of the car % of customers
Fiesta 49
Ikon 27
Endeavour 15
Fusion 9
Total 100%
Interpretation: This question is meant for taking the information regarding the most
preferred car in the Ford cars. From the above graph it is found that most preferred vehicle
of Ford cars is Fiesta.
2. What do you like most about your Ford car?
a) Style/design
b) Comfort
c) Ford brand

67. d) Service
Data analysis:
Customers preference No of customers
Style/design 9
Comfort 23
Ford brand 13
Service 5
Interpretation: This question is meant to know the customers preferences and likes
towards the cars. From the data we can position our product to the comfort seeking group of
people.
3. What do you feel great about your car when compared to other cars in the
market?
a) Fuel efficiency
b) Durability
c) Low maintenance
d) Sound quality
e) Brand name

68. Data analysis:
Customers perspective No of customers
Fuel efficiency 2
Durability 7
Low maintenance 9
Sound quality 12
Brand name 20
Interpretation: From this question we can position the cars according to the
customer’s perspectives. Many of the Ford customers are buying the cars by seeing its
Brand Name only. The no. of customers satisfied with the fuel efficiency are very low.
4. How did you come to know about this car before purchasing?
a) From friends, relatives (buzz)
b) Advertisements
c) Car experts
d) Sale’s persons visit
e) Auto magazines
Data analysis:
Source of awareness No. of customers

69. Friends, relatives 9
Advertisements 25
Car experts 3
Sale’s persons visit 8
Auto magazines 5
Interpretation: Most of the Ford customers came to know about their vehicle through
advertisements only. The major media that attracted the customers is television.
5. Can you share your experience with after sale service support
a) Very much satisfied
b) Satisfied
c) Ok
d) Not satisfied
Data analysis:
Post service No. of customers
experience
Very much satisfied 6

70. Satisfied 15
Ok 25
Not satisfied 4
Interpretation: This question is prepared to know the service levels of the authorized
dealer. Most of the customers are just telling ok about the service. Only a very few
customers are very much satisfied with the service. Even some of the customers are not
satisfied with the service given by the authorized service men.
6. Where do you get your car serviced regularly?
a) At authorized service centre
b) At a local workshop near my home
Data analysis:
Place of service No. of customers
At authorized service centre 41
At a local workshop near home 9

71. Interpretation: Most of the Fortune Ford customers are interested to service their
vehicles only at the authorized dealers. From this we come to know what the importance of
authorized service centers for car is.
7. Which bank do you prefer in getting financial help while purchasing a
car?
a) ICICI
b) HDFC
c) SBI
d) others
Name of the bank No. of customers
ICICI 21
HDFC 6
SBI 20
Others 3

72. Interpretation: Most of the customers prefer ICICI and SBI banks for taking
financial help while purchasing a car. Customers are asking for 0% interest on financial
help provided by the banks.
8. Which type of finance do you prefer?
a) In house finance
b) Out house finance
c) No difference between the two
Data analysis:
Type of finance No. of customers
In house finance 30
Out house finance 12
No difference between the two 8

73. Interpretation: To know the customers opinion about the finance and their interests
in preferring the finance from various sources, this question is prepared. Most of the
customers prefer only In house finance compared to outhouse finance.
9. To which media do you get expose regularly?
a) Televisions
b) Magazines
c) News papers
d) F.M/Radio
Data analysis:
media No. of customers
Televisions 26

74. Magazines 7
News papers 16
F.M/Radio 1
Interpretation: From this analysis we come to know that most of the customers are
interested in watching televisions, which is a good media for communicating with
people and delivering our intentions about product.
10. Which kind of T.V. channels do you watch regularly?
a) National news channels
b) Regional news channels
c) Sports channels
d) Entertainment channels
Data analysis:
T.V. Channels No. of customers
National news channels 10
Regional news channel 16
Sports channels 4

75. Entertainment channels 20
Interpretation: This question is meant to know the interests and preferences of
customers towards T.V. channels. More than quarter of the sample size showed interest
only on the entertainment channels and next preference goes to the regional news
channels.
11. What’s your opinion on the price list of Ford cars?
a) Affordable by common man
b) Affordable only by rich man
c) Cant say
Data analysis:
Customer opinion on No. of customers
pricelist of ford car
Affordable by common man 6
Affordable only by rich man 42
Cant say 2

76. Interpretation: More than 80% of customers think that Ford cars are affordable only
by rich men. These cars are too expensive for an economic/comman man of the society.
12. What kinds of offers do you like or expect from the dealer?
a) Free insurance
b) Special discount on sale of cars
c) Extending the service period
d) Finance availability with 0% interest
Data analysis:
offers No. of customers
Free insurance 9
Special discount on sale of cars 3
Extending the service period 27
Finance availability with 0% 11
interest

77. Interpretation: By the result of this question we come to know about the various
promotional techniques/offers which attract the customers. From the above analysis
many customers are expecting the extension in the service period from the various offers
given to them.
13. What more do you expect from your dealer?
a) Information about new cars
b) Information about service and mileage
c) Assistance regarding loans and insurance
d) Understanding customer needs
Data analysis:
Expectations of customer No. of customers
Information about new cars 2
Information about service and mileage 34
Assistance regarding loans and 4
insurance
Understanding customer needs 10

78. Interpretation: Most of the customers are expecting the information about service
and mileage regarding the cars from the dealer. From the above analysis we come to
know about the customer’s expectations and their post purchase service demands from
the dealer.
14. How do you feel when an unknown sales person approaches you by
knowing your full details to demonstrate about any product?
a) I will not respond
b) Lost my privacy
c) Interested in knowing (if I feel a need of it)
Data analysis:
Customer opinion No. of customers
I will not respond 11
Lost my privacy 5
Interested in knowing (if I feel a need 34
of it)

79. Interpretation: This question is prepared indirectly to know about the customer’s
opinion about the Data Bank maintenance by the Fortune Ford. In reply majority of the
customers gave a positive reply by showing interest in knowing about the cars when a
sales person gives a detailed description about the cars.
15. What’s your opinion on a Brand Ambassador for the cars?
a) Very necessary
b) Not needed
c) Waste of money for manufacturer
Data analysis:
Customer opinion on No. of customers
ambassador
Very necessary 43
Not needed 7
Waste of money for manufacturer 0

80. Interpretation: This question is meant to know about the importance of Brand
Ambassador for a car in the customer’s point of view. Most of the Ford customers think
that a Brand Ambassador is very necessary for promoting a car.
16. What’s your opinion about the previous Ambassador Abhishek Bachan
for the car Ford Fiesta?
a) Full filled the purpose
b) Unable to attract customers
c) He was not apt for it.
Data analysis:
Customer opinion No. of customers
Full filled the purpose 38
Unable to attract customers 10
He was not apt for it 2