Understanding Christianity's Doctrine of Original Sin

UNDERSTANDING OF THE DEEN (AL-ISLAM)
Intermediate Islamic (FIQH) course in English
Conducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail
LESSON # 5 cLESSON # 5 c
Using text & curriculum he has developed especially forUsing text & curriculum he has developed especially for
Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.
““To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2015))
IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,
MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFUL.MOST MERCIFUL.
"O my Lord! Let my entry be by the Gate of
Truth and Honour, and likewise my exit by the
Gate of Truth and Honour; and grant me from
Thy Presence an authority to aid (me)”
(Qur’an: Isra’: 17: 80)
BASIC UMMATIC CONCERNBASIC UMMATIC CONCERN
‘‘ DA’WAH TOWARDS AHLUL-KITAB ’DA’WAH TOWARDS AHLUL-KITAB ’
(Comparative religion approach in Da’wah)(Comparative religion approach in Da’wah)
Understanding the (MAD-’U) :Understanding the (MAD-’U) :
Christian Doctrine of the Original SinChristian Doctrine of the Original Sin
Updated 21 NOVEMBER 2015
PARTPART # 2# 2
(Aug-(Aug-20152015))
Responding to the :

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,
MOST COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFUL.
All Rights Reserved© Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2015)
PREVIOUS LESSON

MOST COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFUL.
““Praise be to Allah Who has revealed to HisPraise be to Allah Who has revealed to His
servant the Book devoid of all crookedness; anservant the Book devoid of all crookedness; an
unerringly Straight Book, meant to warn of aunerringly Straight Book, meant to warn of a
stern punishment from Allah, and to proclaim, tostern punishment from Allah, and to proclaim, to
those who believe and work righteous deeds, thethose who believe and work righteous deeds, the
tiding that theirs shall be a good reward whereintiding that theirs shall be a good reward wherein
they shall abide for ever ….”they shall abide for ever ….”
((Qur’an: Kahfi: 18: 1-3Qur’an: Kahfi: 18: 1-3))
PREVIOUS LESSON

MOST COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFUL.
“… and also to warn those who say: "Allah has taken to Himself a son,
a thing about which they have no knowledge, neither they nor their
ancestors. Dreadful is the word that comes out of their mouths. What
they utter is merely a lie.”
(Qur’an: Kahfi: 18: 4-5)
PREVIOUS LESSON

Among the reasons why the Qur’an was sent down, and the teachings
of our beloved Prophet Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬‫ﷺ‬, is “to warn those who say:
"Allah has taken to Himself a son.”
Da’wah in the context of Singapore in my experience, many would-be
converts/reverts/Balik-Islam, are mostly from the Catholics-Christian
faith or exposed to its teachings.
Therefore, you would most likely be confronted and challenged by
your family-and- friends from this previous faith.
PREVIOUS LESSON

Therefore, what I shall present and share with you today, will be the
necessary knowledge, which, guided by Al-Qur’an, this will help to
eradicate whatever false-notion you may still have about your
previous faith, eradicate doubts and replace it with certainty of the
truth of Al-Islam.
Also it can assist in preparing ourselves and our future generation of
Muslims to become effective witnesses of Islam and hopefully
become motivated in inviting their friends and colleagues towards the
truth.
PREVIOUS LESSON

SERIES OF ADVICE FROM:
““AndAnd do not saydo not say, "[God is] a trinity"., "[God is] a trinity".
DesistDesist [from this assertion] for your own good.[from this assertion] for your own good.
God (Allah) is but One God … ”God (Allah) is but One God … ”
((Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 171Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 171))
EXTRACTS FROM MONTHLY TADZKIRAH FOR
“MABUHAY CLUB @ DARUL ARQAM”
1

““ Far be it from His gloryFar be it from His glory that He should have a son.that He should have a son.
To Him belongsTo Him belongs whatever is in the heavens andwhatever is in the heavens and
whatever is on the earth. Andwhatever is on the earth. And sufficient is Allahsufficient is Allah asas
Disposer of affairs.”Disposer of affairs.”
((Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 171Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 171))
EXTRACTS FROM MONTHLY TADZKIRAH FOR
“MABUHAY CLUB @ DARUL ARQAM”
2

MOST COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFUL.
“And [beware the Day] when Allah will say, "O Jesus, Son of
Mary, did you say to the people, 'Take me and my mother as
deities besides Allah?'"
He (Jesus) will say, "Exalted are You! It was not for me to say
that to which I have no right. If I had said it, You would have
known it. You know what is within myself, and I do not know
what is within Yourself. Indeed, it is You who is Knower of
the unseen.”
(Qur’an: Maa-idah: 5: 116)
PREVIOUS LESSON

MOST COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFUL.
“And who would be averse to the religion of Abraham except
one who makes a fool of himself. And We had chosen him in
this world, and indeed he, in the Hereafter, will be among the
righteous.”
(Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 130)
PREVIOUS LESSON

MOST COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFUL.
““They say, "Be Jews or Christians [so] you will be guided."They say, "Be Jews or Christians [so] you will be guided."
Say, "Say, "Rather, [we follow] the religion of AbrahamRather, [we follow] the religion of Abraham,,
inclining toward truth, and he was not of the polytheists.”inclining toward truth, and he was not of the polytheists.”
((Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 135Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 135))
PREVIOUS LESSON

MOST COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFUL.
Or do you say that Abraham and Ishmael and Isaac and Jacob and theOr do you say that Abraham and Ishmael and Isaac and Jacob and the
Descendants were Jews or Christians? Say, "Are you more knowing orDescendants were Jews or Christians? Say, "Are you more knowing or
is Allah?" And who is more unjust than one who conceals a testimonyis Allah?" And who is more unjust than one who conceals a testimony
he has from Allah? And Allah is not unaware of what you do. “he has from Allah? And Allah is not unaware of what you do. “
PREVIOUS LESSON

 The formalized doctrine of original sin was first developed in the 2nd-
century by Irenaeus the Bishop of Lyons (circa 202CE). Original sin is
known in two senses: the Fall of Adam as the "original" sin and the
hereditary fallen nature and moral corruption that is passed down from
Adam to his descendants.
 It is called "original" in that Adam, the first man, is the one who sinned
and thus caused sin to enter the world. Even though Eve is the one who
sinned first and because Adam is the Federal Head (representative of
mankind), his fall included or represented all of humanity. Therefore,
some hold that original sin includes the falling of all humanity. Some see
original sin as Adam's fallen nature being passed to his descendants.
re: Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry

12
Wherefore, as by one man sin
entered into the world, and death by
sin; and so death passed upon all
men, for that all have sinned:
Romans 5: 12
Authorized (King James) Version (AKJV)
 There has been much debate over the nature of the ‘sin’ of Adam and
how it affected mankind.
 Pelagius (354–440CE) taught that Adam's sin influenced the human
race only as a bad example and that all people are born in the same
state as Adam was before his fall.
Paul’s letter

 Augustine of Hippo (354–430CE) taught that men inherit natural
corruption from Adam.
 At the return of Christ and the resurrection of all Christians, the sin
nature will be eradicated.
Paul’s letter
Romans 5: 12
12
Wherefore, as by one man sin
entered into the world, and death by
sin; and so death passed upon all
men, for that all have sinned:

2 And you hath he quickened, who were dead
in trespasses and sins; 2
wherein in time past
ye walked according to the course of this
world, according to the prince of the power of
the air, the spirit that now worketh in the
children of disobedience: 3
Ephesians 2
 Although the detail understanding of what constitute the definition of this
‘sin’ is not homogeneous amongst Christians and are still debated, yet
many would use Paul’s writing to affirm that mankind indeed is stained by
it and thus requires blood redemption through Christ’s crucifixion.
Paul’s letter

4
But God, who is rich in mercy, for his great love
wherewith he loved us, 5
even when we were
dead in sins, hath quickened us together with
Christ, (by grace ye are saved;) 6
and hath
raised us up together, and made us sit together in
heavenly places in Christ Jesus: 7
that in the ages
to come he might shew the exceeding riches of
his grace in his kindness toward us through Christ
Jesus. 8
For by grace are ye saved through faith;
and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of
God: 9
not of works, lest any man should boast.
Ephesians 2
Paul’s letter

12
Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the
world, and death by sin; and so death passed
upon all men, for that all have sinned: 13
(for until
the law sin was in the world: but sin is not
imputed when there is no law. 14
Nevertheless
death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over
them that had not sinned after the similitude of
Adam’s transgression, who is the figure of him
that was to come …
Romans 15
Paul’s letter

… 17
For if by one man’s offence death reigned by
one; much more they which receive abundance of
grace and of the gift of righteousness shall reign
in life by one, Jesus Christ).
18
Therefore as by the offence of one judgment
came upon all men to condemnation; even so by
the righteousness of one the free gift came upon
all men unto justification of life.
19
For as by one man’s disobedience many were
made sinners, so by the obedience of one shall
many be made righteous.
Romans 15
Paul’s letter

 Christians basis of accepting this doctrine today mostly rely upon Paul’s
writing whereas Paul was never an original disciple of Jesus.
 ‘Original sin’ was never taught by all earlier Prophets including John the
Baptist (Yahya a.s.) and Jesus Christ (Isa a.s.) himself.
 All earlier church fathers before Augustine e.g. Ignatius, Justin Martyr,
Origen, Tertullian, Clement of Alexandria etc. including Irenaeus
believed that man has a ‘free-will’, capable both for doing righteousness
or in committing sin. Irenaeus’ objection to the Gnostics was that of
man’s potential for this (obedience or sinning) as the inherited Adamic
nature in man – not that they inherit the original sin of Adam.
 It was Augustine, who deny man having a ‘free-will’, later arrogate ‘sin’
of man to the flesh - inherited Adamic nature – predetermined by God.

Some Biblical evidence and our response
which we can present for the
Christians’ consideration

““ Hallowed be He (Allah) in whose hand all dominion rests,Hallowed be He (Allah) in whose hand all dominion rests,
since He has the power to will anything: He Who createdsince He has the power to will anything: He Who created
death as well as life,death as well as life, so that He might put you to a test [andso that He might put you to a test [and
thus show] which of you is best in conduct,thus show] which of you is best in conduct, andand [make you[make you
realize that] He (Allah) alone is almighty, truly forgiving.”realize that] He (Allah) alone is almighty, truly forgiving.”
((Qur’an: Surah al-Mulk: 67: 1-2Qur’an: Surah al-Mulk: 67: 1-2))

““Whoever is guided is only guided for [the benefit of] hisWhoever is guided is only guided for [the benefit of] his
soul. And whoever errs only errs against it.soul. And whoever errs only errs against it. And no bearerAnd no bearer
of burdens will bear the burden of anotherof burdens will bear the burden of another. And never. And never
would We punishwould We punish until We sent a messengeruntil We sent a messenger.”.”
((Qur’an: al-Isra’: 17: 15Qur’an: al-Isra’: 17: 15))

“ The soul that sinneth it shall die. The son
shall not bear the iniquity (sins) of the father,
neither shall the father bear the iniquity (sins)
of the son, the righteousness of the righteous
shall be upon him, and the wickedness of the
wicked shall be upon him… ”
(Ezekiel 18: 20)
AS FOUND IN THE OLD TESTAMENTAS FOUND IN THE OLD TESTAMENT

“… But the wicked will turn from all his sins that he
hath committed, and keep all my statutes and do that
which is lawful and right, he shall surely live, he shall
not die.”
(Ezekiel 18 : 21)
(Note similarity with the Islamic concept of ‘TAUBAH’ here :
consistent with Islam. Unfortunately later Christian Church
leaders have replaced this with their concept of the ‘original sin’ ,
‘blood redemption’ and ‘vicarious atonement’.)
AS FOUND IN THE OLD TESTAMENTAS FOUND IN THE OLD TESTAMENT

4 “And so John the Baptist appeared in the
wilderness, preaching a baptism of repentance for
the forgiveness of sins.
5 The whole Judean countryside and all the people
of Jerusalem went out to him. Confessing their sins,
they were baptized by him in the Jordan River.”
AS FOUND IN THE NEW TESTAMENTAS FOUND IN THE NEW TESTAMENT
(Mark l : 4-5)
New International Version (NIV)
 The point being that sins can and have been forgiven without need for any
blood sacrifice. This has been consistently taught by the Israelite prophets
since Moses time till John, and Jesus even participated in this baptism.

Man was placed on earth
in the hole - condemned
THEIR CONCEPT OF SALVATION

THEIR CONCEPT OF SALVATION Thus for them, it requires a Saviour to redeem
him out of the ‘Sin’ – (by vicarious atonement)
alleging: “Jesus dying for the Sins of mankind”

innocent – not condemned
ISLAM’S MESSAGEISLAM’S MESSAGE

Yet in life, he may fall into sin
Thus he requires GUIDANCE

Yet in life he may fall into sin
Thus he requires GUIDANCE
Even if he falls, there is hope of
Allah’s Mercy and Forgiveness
Forgiveness through
repentance and
reparation, while in
this world
THEIR CONCEPT OF SALVATION
MERCYMERCY
Thus for them, it requires a Saviour to redeem

There is no such thing as the
Original Sin…
Because to us
God (Allah)
Has already forgiven
Adam and Hawa

Original Sin…
“They (Adam and Hawa) said, "Our Lord, we have
wronged ourselves, and if You do not forgive us and have
mercy upon us, we will surely be among the losers.”
(Qur’an: A’raf: 7: 23)

Original Sin…
““ThenThen Adam received from his Lord [some] words,Adam received from his Lord [some] words,
and He accepted his repentanceand He accepted his repentance. Indeed, it is He who. Indeed, it is He who
is the Accepting of repentance, the Merciful.”is the Accepting of repentance, the Merciful.”

“Jesus says : ‘Not everyone who says to me ‘Lord,
Lord’ shall enter the kingdom of heaven, but he
who does the will of my Father who is in heaven” *
(Matthew 7 : 21 )
( * Islam : means “submission of God’s will” )
HOW SHALL MAN BE SAVED IN HEREAFTER ?HOW SHALL MAN BE SAVED IN HEREAFTER ?
AS FOUND IN THE GOSPEL - NEW TESTAMENT RECORD:AS FOUND IN THE GOSPEL - NEW TESTAMENT RECORD:

11
And he said, A certain man had two sons: 12
and
the younger of them said to his father, Father, give
me the portion of goods that falleth to me. And he
divided unto them his living. 13
And not many days
after the younger son gathered all together, and
took his journey into a far country, and there
wasted his substance with riotous living. 14
And
when he had spent all, there arose a mighty
famine in that land; and he began to be in want...
Luke 15

...15
And he went and joined himself to a citizen of
that country; and he sent him into his fields to
feed swine. 16
And he would fain have filled his
belly with the husks that the swine did eat: and no
man gave unto him. 17
And when he came to
himself, he said, How many hired servants of my
father’s have bread enough and to spare, and I
perish with hunger! 18
I will arise and go to my
father, and will say unto him, Father, I have sinned
against heaven, and before thee,.. Luke 15

... 19
and am no more worthy to be called thy son:
make me as one of thy hired servants. 20
And he
arose, and came to his father. But when he was
yet a great way off, his father saw him, and had
compassion, and ran, and fell on his neck, and
kissed him.21
And the son said unto him, Father, I
have sinned against heaven, and in thy sight, and
am no more worthy to be called thy son…
Luke 15

… 22
But the father said to his servants, Bring
forth the best robe, and put it on him; and put a
ring on his hand, and shoes on his feet: 23
and
bring hither the fatted calf, and kill it; and let us
eat, and be merry: 24
for this my son was dead,
and is alive again; he was lost, and is found. And
they began to be merry…
Luke 15

… 25
Now his elder son was in the field: and as he
came and drew nigh to the house, he heard
musick and dancing. 26
And he called one of the
servants, and asked what these things
meant. 27
And he said unto him, Thy brother is
come; and thy father hath killed the fatted calf,
because he hath received him safe and
sound. 28
And he was angry, and would not go in:
therefore came his father out, and intreated him...
Luke 15

… 29
And he answering said to his father, Lo,
these many years do I serve thee, neither
transgressed I at any time thy commandment:
and yet thou never gavest me a kid, that I might
make merry with my friends:30
but as soon as
this thy son was come, which hath devoured thy
living with harlots, thou hast killed for him the
fatted calf…
Luke 15

… 31
And he said unto him, Son, thou art ever with
me, and all that I have is thine. 32
It was meet that
we should make merry, and be glad: for this thy
brother was dead, and is alive again; and was lost,
and is found.
Luke 15

“Indeed, We created man from a sperm-drop mixture
that We may try him; and We made him hearing and
seeing. Indeed, We guided him to the way, be he
grateful or be he ungrateful. Indeed, We have
prepared for the disbelievers chains and shackles and
a blaze. Indeed, the righteous will drink from a cup [of
wine] whose mixture is of Kafur, ”
(Qur’an: Insan: 76: 2-5)

“We have certainly created man in the best of stature;
Then We return him to the lowest of the low,
Except for those who believe and do righteous deeds,
for they will have a reward uninterrupted.
So what yet causes you to deny the Recompense?
Is not Allah the most just of judges? ”
(Qur’an: at-Tin: 94: 4-8)

ANGELS
JINN (spirits)
MANKIND
ANIMALS
PLANTS
Can beCan be ElevatedElevated toto
the highest, eventhe highest, even
higher than Angelshigher than Angels
Can beCan be DebasedDebased toto
be the lowest of thebe the lowest of the
low.low.
IN THE CENTRE

‘‘AQLIYYAHAQLIYYAH
WAHM/KHAYALIWAHM/KHAYALI
FITRAH SALIMAFITRAH SALIMA
BAHIMIYAHBAHIMIYAH
NABATIYYAHNABATIYYAH
AngelicAngelic
SatanicSatanic
AdamicAdamic
AnimalisticAnimalistic
VegetativeVegetative
WITHIN MAN, HE SHARES MANY POWERS AS IN OTHER SPECIESWITHIN MAN, HE SHARES MANY POWERS AS IN OTHER SPECIES

““ Hallowed be He (Allah) in whose hand all dominion rests,Hallowed be He (Allah) in whose hand all dominion rests,
since He has the power to will anything: He Who createdsince He has the power to will anything: He Who created
death as well as life,death as well as life, so that He might put you to a test [andso that He might put you to a test [and
thus show] which of you is best in conduct,thus show] which of you is best in conduct, andand [make you[make you
realize that] He (Allah) alone is almighty, truly forgiving.”realize that] He (Allah) alone is almighty, truly forgiving.”
((Qur’an: Surah al-Mulk: 67: 1-2Qur’an: Surah al-Mulk: 67: 1-2))All Rights Reserved© Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2015)

““Do men think that on their [mere] saying, ‘We believe,’Do men think that on their [mere] saying, ‘We believe,’
they will be left to themselves, and will not be put to athey will be left to themselves, and will not be put to a
test?test? Yea, indeed, we did test those who lived beforeYea, indeed, we did test those who lived before
them; and so too, [shall be tested those Muslims who isthem; and so too, [shall be tested those Muslims who is
now livingnow living and] most certainly will He mark out thoseand] most certainly will He mark out those
who prove themselves true, and most certainly will Hewho prove themselves true, and most certainly will He
mark out those who are lying.”mark out those who are lying.”
((Qur’an: al- Ankabut: 29: 2-3Qur’an: al- Ankabut: 29: 2-3))

To be a believer in Allah SWT. cannot be by mere claim. ItTo be a believer in Allah SWT. cannot be by mere claim. It
requires proof through tests, because believers would berequires proof through tests, because believers would be
rewarded with honour and exaltation.rewarded with honour and exaltation.

To be tested means that man is given the potential to beTo be tested means that man is given the potential to be
capable for both success as well as failure. He must not becapable for both success as well as failure. He must not be
compelled but must have the free-will and choice.compelled but must have the free-will and choice.

To be testedTo be tested means that man is given the potential to bemeans that man is given the potential to be
capable for both success as well as failurecapable for both success as well as failure. He. He must not bemust not be
compelledcompelled but mustbut must have the free-willhave the free-will andand choicechoice..

Justice dictates that with possibility to be rewarded withJustice dictates that with possibility to be rewarded with
honour and exaltation, there is equally the possibility ofhonour and exaltation, there is equally the possibility of
dishonour and debasement.dishonour and debasement.

Man can either choose to believe or to reject; to submit orMan can either choose to believe or to reject; to submit or
to rebel; to be grateful or be ungrateful. Such is the natureto rebel; to be grateful or be ungrateful. Such is the nature
of test or trial.of test or trial.

Man can either choose to believe or to reject; to submit orMan can either choose to believe or to reject; to submit or
to rebel; to be grateful or be ungrateful. Such is the natureto rebel; to be grateful or be ungrateful. Such is the nature
of test or trial.of test or trial.
Thus there is the promise of Paradise, as well as there is theThus there is the promise of Paradise, as well as there is the
warning of Hell.warning of Hell.

Messenger of Allah‫ﷺ‬ said, "By the One in Whose Hand my
soul is, were you not capable of committing sins, Allah would
replace you with a people who would be capable of committing
sins and then seek forgiveness from Allah; and Allah would
forgive them".
(Hadith reported by Muslim)

Messenger of Allah‫ﷺ‬ said, "Every son of Adam commits sin,
and the best of those who commit sin are those who repent".
(Hadith reported by Ibn Majah)

““ Say: ‘Say: ‘O my servants who have transgressedO my servants who have transgressed against theiragainst their
own souls!own souls! Despair not of the Mercy of Allah: for AllahDespair not of the Mercy of Allah: for Allah
forgives all sinsforgives all sins: for He is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.: for He is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
Turn ye to your Lord (in repentance) and bow to His [Will],Turn ye to your Lord (in repentance) and bow to His [Will],
before the Penalty comes on youbefore the Penalty comes on you: After that ye shall not be: After that ye shall not be
helped.”helped.”
((Qur’an: Surah az-Zumar: 39: 53-54Qur’an: Surah az-Zumar: 39: 53-54))

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2015)
May Allah grant us, our parents and all our beloved teachers,May Allah grant us, our parents and all our beloved teachers,
family and companions, the success (family and companions, the success (TAUFIQTAUFIQ) and the Guidance) and the Guidance
((HIDAAYAHIDAAYA) to attain to His Acceptance, Forgiveness and Mercy) to attain to His Acceptance, Forgiveness and Mercy
((RAHMAHRAHMAH) and gain His Pleasure () and gain His Pleasure (MARDHA-TILLAHMARDHA-TILLAH).).
MOST COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFUL.
TADZKIRAHTADZKIRAH
To be continued ….. INSHA-ALLAH

http://an-naseehah.blogspot.com/http://an-naseehah.blogspot.com/
http://introductiontotauhid.blogspot.com/http://introductiontotauhid.blogspot.com/
http://oyoubelievers.blogspot.com/http://oyoubelievers.blogspot.com/
http://al-amthaal.blogspot.com/http://al-amthaal.blogspot.com/
http://zhulkeflee-archive.blogspot.com/http://zhulkeflee-archive.blogspot.com/
http://criteriaforaholybook-quran.blogspot.com/http://criteriaforaholybook-quran.blogspot.com/
http://with-the-truthful.blogspot.com/http://with-the-truthful.blogspot.com/
http ://muqaddam-nurul.blogspot.com/http ://muqaddam-nurul.blogspot.com/
All welcome to visit my web-blog:All welcome to visit my web-blog:

Understanding Christianity's Doctrine of Original Sin

Empfohlen

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Andere mochten auch

Andere mochten auch (20)

Ähnlich wie Understanding Christianity's Doctrine of Original Sin

Ähnlich wie Understanding Christianity's Doctrine of Original Sin (20)

Mehr von Zhulkeflee Ismail

Mehr von Zhulkeflee Ismail (20)

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

Understanding Christianity's Doctrine of Original Sin