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What is computer?
   Brief Understanding




        Compile By Zafar Ayub
       Zafar_ayub@hotmail.com
What is computer?
 A computer is a device that accepts information / data by
 input, manipulates it for some result based on a program /
 sequence of instructions on how the data is to be
 processed, generate result as output and store in their
 storage as needed.




                     Compile By Zafar Ayub                2
Primary operation of computer
  The four basic operation describe in computer definition;
   Input – entering data into the computer
   Processing – performing operation on the data
   Output – presenting the result
   Storage – saving data, programs, and output results


IPOS Cycle
   The sequence of input, processing on data, generating
   output, and storage is also referring to IPOS Cycle /
   information processing cycle.



                      Compile By Zafar Ayub                   3
Data vs. Information
 Data - User inputs into a computer is Data, likes raw
 material before data processing. Data maybe relates as
 facts, events, transactions, images, songs, and
 documents. Data is also refers to unprocessed
 information.
 Information - When data is processed into meaningful
 format, by specific program, it becomes information.
 Information is also know as results.




                   Compile By Zafar Ayub              4
Example - Student admission form, at time of submission
college collect required student data like name, age,
pervious history of education, certificates, picture and
signature. When admission department process in their
system with some specific program (student enrolment
software), after successful students get admission and
issuing student ID card, student ID card is information of
student.




                    Compile By Zafar Ayub                5
Primary components of computer
 Today computer system have two major components, as
 following;
 Hardware - all physical devices like input, processing,
 output, storage, and communication are Hardware.
 Software - all computer define instructions / programs,
 which may operate hardware and process user input data
 for output, known as Software.
 Example – a cassette player and its cassettes are
 hardware, but the songs recorded on the cassettes are its
 software. To listen to a song, that song has to be
 recorded on one of the cassettes first, which is then
 mounted on the cassette player and played.



                    Compile By Zafar Ayub                6
Relation - all hardware devices like keyboard, CPU, LCD,
HDD, and modem are physically assemble in one unit
(computer system), computer software / system software
(may install on HDD ) execute following devices in
manner full way, and user define program / application
software generate results.




                   Compile By Zafar Ayub               7
Computer Hardware




          Compile By Zafar Ayub   8
There are five major category of hardware devices, as
per their functionally,
 1) Input devices - an input device is any piece of
 equipment that is used to input data into the computer.


Keyboard –                     Joystick -


Mouse –                        Scanner -




Microphone -                   Touch screen –


Digital pen -                  Fingerprint -

                   Compile By Zafar Ayub               9
2) Processing devices - The main processing device for a
computer is the central processing unit (CPU).


Motherboard –                  Processor -




RAM –                          VGA Card -




Power supply -                 Casing –




                   Compile By Zafar Ayub              10
3) Output devices - The output device accepts processed
data from CPU and present the result to the user.


Monitor / LCD –                Printer -




Plotter –                      Speaker -




Headphone -                    Projector –




                   Compile By Zafar Ayub             11
4) Storage devices - Storage devices are used to store
data like input data, processing software, and generate
results output.


HDD –                          USB -


DVD drive –                    DVD -


Floppy drive -                 Floppy –


Zip drive -                    Zip disk –


Tape drive -                   Tape cartridge -

                   Compile By Zafar Ayub             12
5) Communication devices - Communication devices
allow users to communicate electronically with others,
access remote information via internet from home /
school / company computer network.


Modem –                        NIC -


DSL / ISDN –                   Wireless USB -




Wireless modem -               Mobile –


Wi-Fi -                        Bluetooth -


                   Compile By Zafar Ayub            13
Computer Software




           Compile By Zafar Ayub   14
There are two major category of computer software, as
per their functionally,
1) System Software - The programs that allow a
computer to operate and manage hardware are
communally known as system software.
System software also refers as operating system;
      Which start up computer (means boot)
      Control its primary operation
      Manage hardware devices

Boot process
Boot process sequences;
      Turn on power button
      During boot “kernel” of operating system loaded into memory
      Computer does quick diagnostic it self
      Load “shell” of operating system – desktop
      Lunches any application software like antivirus for cleaning



                     Compile By Zafar Ayub                       15
Examples –
Windows XP –


Red Hat -




MAC OS X –




Google Chrome OS –




Solaris Unix -
                 Compile By Zafar Ayub   16
2) Application Software - Application software consists of
programs designed to allow people to perform specific
tasks using a computer.
Application software load at operating system kernel.
There are dozens of applications software types like;
Publishing software, animation software, presentation
software, word processing software, viewing web pages,
record keeping (data base) software, developing
languages, an etc.
Examples –
MS Office –                 Norton antivirus -


Photoshop -                 WinZip -




                    Compile By Zafar Ayub               17
EA games –




Chrome browser -




Oracle 10g database –




Java –


Yahoo messenger -


                    Compile By Zafar Ayub   18

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How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
 

What is computer?

  • 1. What is computer? Brief Understanding Compile By Zafar Ayub Zafar_ayub@hotmail.com
  • 2. What is computer? A computer is a device that accepts information / data by input, manipulates it for some result based on a program / sequence of instructions on how the data is to be processed, generate result as output and store in their storage as needed. Compile By Zafar Ayub 2
  • 3. Primary operation of computer The four basic operation describe in computer definition; Input – entering data into the computer Processing – performing operation on the data Output – presenting the result Storage – saving data, programs, and output results IPOS Cycle The sequence of input, processing on data, generating output, and storage is also referring to IPOS Cycle / information processing cycle. Compile By Zafar Ayub 3
  • 4. Data vs. Information Data - User inputs into a computer is Data, likes raw material before data processing. Data maybe relates as facts, events, transactions, images, songs, and documents. Data is also refers to unprocessed information. Information - When data is processed into meaningful format, by specific program, it becomes information. Information is also know as results. Compile By Zafar Ayub 4
  • 5. Example - Student admission form, at time of submission college collect required student data like name, age, pervious history of education, certificates, picture and signature. When admission department process in their system with some specific program (student enrolment software), after successful students get admission and issuing student ID card, student ID card is information of student. Compile By Zafar Ayub 5
  • 6. Primary components of computer Today computer system have two major components, as following; Hardware - all physical devices like input, processing, output, storage, and communication are Hardware. Software - all computer define instructions / programs, which may operate hardware and process user input data for output, known as Software. Example – a cassette player and its cassettes are hardware, but the songs recorded on the cassettes are its software. To listen to a song, that song has to be recorded on one of the cassettes first, which is then mounted on the cassette player and played. Compile By Zafar Ayub 6
  • 7. Relation - all hardware devices like keyboard, CPU, LCD, HDD, and modem are physically assemble in one unit (computer system), computer software / system software (may install on HDD ) execute following devices in manner full way, and user define program / application software generate results. Compile By Zafar Ayub 7
  • 8. Computer Hardware Compile By Zafar Ayub 8
  • 9. There are five major category of hardware devices, as per their functionally, 1) Input devices - an input device is any piece of equipment that is used to input data into the computer. Keyboard – Joystick - Mouse – Scanner - Microphone - Touch screen – Digital pen - Fingerprint - Compile By Zafar Ayub 9
  • 10. 2) Processing devices - The main processing device for a computer is the central processing unit (CPU). Motherboard – Processor - RAM – VGA Card - Power supply - Casing – Compile By Zafar Ayub 10
  • 11. 3) Output devices - The output device accepts processed data from CPU and present the result to the user. Monitor / LCD – Printer - Plotter – Speaker - Headphone - Projector – Compile By Zafar Ayub 11
  • 12. 4) Storage devices - Storage devices are used to store data like input data, processing software, and generate results output. HDD – USB - DVD drive – DVD - Floppy drive - Floppy – Zip drive - Zip disk – Tape drive - Tape cartridge - Compile By Zafar Ayub 12
  • 13. 5) Communication devices - Communication devices allow users to communicate electronically with others, access remote information via internet from home / school / company computer network. Modem – NIC - DSL / ISDN – Wireless USB - Wireless modem - Mobile – Wi-Fi - Bluetooth - Compile By Zafar Ayub 13
  • 14. Computer Software Compile By Zafar Ayub 14
  • 15. There are two major category of computer software, as per their functionally, 1) System Software - The programs that allow a computer to operate and manage hardware are communally known as system software. System software also refers as operating system; Which start up computer (means boot) Control its primary operation Manage hardware devices Boot process Boot process sequences; Turn on power button During boot “kernel” of operating system loaded into memory Computer does quick diagnostic it self Load “shell” of operating system – desktop Lunches any application software like antivirus for cleaning Compile By Zafar Ayub 15
  • 16. Examples – Windows XP – Red Hat - MAC OS X – Google Chrome OS – Solaris Unix - Compile By Zafar Ayub 16
  • 17. 2) Application Software - Application software consists of programs designed to allow people to perform specific tasks using a computer. Application software load at operating system kernel. There are dozens of applications software types like; Publishing software, animation software, presentation software, word processing software, viewing web pages, record keeping (data base) software, developing languages, an etc. Examples – MS Office – Norton antivirus - Photoshop - WinZip - Compile By Zafar Ayub 17
  • 18. EA games – Chrome browser - Oracle 10g database – Java – Yahoo messenger - Compile By Zafar Ayub 18