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Joshua Minter
•   Nacionalidades
•   Stem Changing Verbs
•   Para
•   Indirect Object Pronouns
•   Pronoun placement
•   Gustar
•   Affirmative and Negative Words
•   Superlatives
•   Reflexives
•   Affirmative tu commands + Irregulars + Pronoun Placement
•   Negative tu commands + Irregulars + Pronoun Placement
•   Sequencing Events
Grammar book spanish
When a verb corresponds to a particular
                                        subject, it needs to be conjugated
                                        appropriately, ex: 1st, 2nd and 3rd person and
                                        their plural counterparts
   o-ue                    e-i            e-ie                   u-
 Ex: costar
         Costamo
                     Ex: pedir         Ex: pensar
                                               Pensam
                                                                 ue
                                                                Ex: jugar
Cuesto              Pido      Pedimo   Piens                 Jueg      Jugamo
         s                                     os
Yo                            s        o                               s
         Nosotros                                            o
Cuesta   Costáis
                    Pides     Pedís    Piens   Pensá
s        Vosotro                                             Juega Jugáis
Tú       s                             as      is
                                                             s
Cuest     Cuesta    Pide      Piden
a         n                            Piens Piens
          Ellos,                       a     an              Juega Juega
El,                         Boot           Boot                   Boot
          Ellas,                                                    n
Ella,
0-UE      Uds.
         (ex): El
              vaso cuesta viente pesos.
Ud.
E-IE (ex): Yo pienso la fiesta de mi hermano.
E-I (ex): ¿Pido un postre y lo compartimos?
U-UE (ex): Yo juego el baloncesto y béisbol.
• Means for or in order to
• It is used to indicate when you want to include for in a
  sentence to emphasize possesion or belonging in most
  cases.
• Ex: Yo preparo la fiesta para mi hermano.
  • This means I prepare the party for my brother.
• Ex: Quisiera un bicileta para dos.
  • This means I want a bicycle intended for two people to ride
    (tandem).
• Vive para comer
  • This means he/she lives to eat.
Me            Nos
                                                 Te            Vos
                                                 le            Les

• Indirect object pronouns are placed after direct object
  pronouns to indicate to whom or for whom the action is being
  specified.
                                       Indirect object before it is
• Tú escribas las cartas a Anna.       turned into a pronoun

                                  A Anna is changed to le because the DO
   • Tú le escribas las cartas.
                                  is directed toward Anna and so it is le.
                                  These are the IOP pronouns.

The IOP’s can be placed in 3 places which include in between
the verb and subject, attached to an infinitive, and before the
DOP.
Ex (between verb and subject): Tú le escribas las cartas.
Ex (attached to an infinitive): Ellos va a comprarte los flores.
Ex (before the DOP): Yo te lo compro.
Ejemplos                            Attach the
• Me afeito.                       pronoun to
                                        a
• Yo te escribo las cartas a ti.   progressive
                                      tense




                                   Attach the
                                    pronoun
                                      to the
                                    infinitive
                   Place the                     Attach the
                   pronoun                       pronoun to
                  before the                          an
                  conjugated                     affirmative
                     verb                        command
• Gustar is used to show that someone likes something
  because Gustar literally means, in the infinitive, to like.
• The Pronouns that are associated with gustar are the
  same as IOPs.
        Me    Nos
         Te     Vos
         Le     Les

• Ex: Me gusta los chicharones.
  • This means I like chicharones.
• Ex: Me gustas tú.
  • This means I like you.
• Affirmatives and negatives are used to give something a
  negative or affirmative connotation.
              Affirmativos                          Negativos
    Algo- something                      Nada- nothing

    Alguien- someone                     Nadie- no one

    Algún/ Alguno- some                  Ningún/ Ninguno- none, not
                                         any
    Siempre- always
                                         Nunca- never
    También- also
                                         Tampoco- neither, either

• Quisiera algo de tomar.
   • This means I would like something to drink.
• Quisiera nada de tomar.
   • Obivously, this is negated from the former sentence
      and becomes I would like nothing to drink.
• Las chicas quieren ningún postre.
   • This means the girls would not like any desert.
• When you express adjectives in an exaggerated way, you have to drop
  the final vowel and add the ending of –ísimo(a). Then you have to make
  it agree with gender and number to the specific noun it modifies.
• Ex: ¡El monstruo es feoísimo!             Male and singular
• Ex: ¡Las ideas de Rosa son intersantísimas!          Feminine and plural

• When the last consonant is a C, G, or Z, spelling changes have to take
  place.
• C  QU
   • Rico(a)  riquísimo(a)
      • Ex: El postre es riquísimo.
• G  GU
   • Largo(a)  larguísimo(a)
      • Los pantalones son larguísimo.
• ZC
   • Feliz  felicísimo(a)
      • La fiesta es felicísima.
• Reflexives are used when you refer back to yourself like I wash my
  self or to dry one’s hair; basically it is an action that you perform to
  yourself.
• They need to be properly formatted; this is done by taking the se off
  the back end of the reflexive verb. Once you Me this, you can then
                                                     do      Nos
  place it in front of the verb with one of these pronouns 
                                                    Te       Os
• Reflexives only end in se                         Se       Se
• So, (acostarse)
  • Step 1: conjugate  (yo) acuesto
  • Step 2: add appropriate reflexive pronoun
• Where can you put them?
   •   In front of a conjugated verb
   •   Attached to a gerund
   •   Attached to infinitive
   •   Attached to an affirmative command
Affirmative Tú    Simply drop the     Can attach DOP
Affirmative Tú           command               ‘S’              to ending

• ¡Come!
    • This means, eat! It is an affirmative command put in tú form the s dropped.
• ¡Habla!
• ¡Roba!
• ¡Estudia!
• Irregulares  Di, Haz, Ve, Pon, Sal, Sé, Ten, Ven
• Di  Decir  say or tell
• Haz  Hacer  make or do
• Ve  Ir  go               Pronnoun Placement
• Pon  Poner  put          • Attach to infintive
• Sal  Salir  leave        • Gerund
• Sé  Ser  be              • Before a conjugated verb
• Ten  Tener  have         • Affirmative Command
• Ven  Venir  come
• Negativos                                         Change to the
                                                    opposite vowel
                   Negative Tú   Put in ‘yo’ form                    Add an ‘S’
                    command                            Ar  e
                                                      Er, ir  a


•   These are used to indicate something is not.
•   TV DISHES
•   Tener  No tengas                Pronoun Placement
•   Venir  No Vengas                • Infinitive
•   Dar/ Decir  No des/ digas       • Gerund
•   Ir  No vegas                    • Before conjugated verb
•   Ser  No Seas                    • Affirmative command
•   Hacer  No hagas
•   Estar  No estes
•   Saber  No Sepas
• There are many sequencing words used to indicate time
  and place. They include primero, entonces, luego/
  después, por fin, antes de/ después de, por la mañana/
  tarde/ noche, los lunes
• Ex: Primero, Alberto se afeita por la mañana.
• Después de se ducha, se acuesta.
• Antes de me pongo la ropa, me maquillo.
• Luego, se duerme.
• Por fin, me duerme.

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Grammar book spanish

  • 2. Nacionalidades • Stem Changing Verbs • Para • Indirect Object Pronouns • Pronoun placement • Gustar • Affirmative and Negative Words • Superlatives • Reflexives • Affirmative tu commands + Irregulars + Pronoun Placement • Negative tu commands + Irregulars + Pronoun Placement • Sequencing Events
  • 4. When a verb corresponds to a particular subject, it needs to be conjugated appropriately, ex: 1st, 2nd and 3rd person and their plural counterparts o-ue e-i e-ie u- Ex: costar Costamo Ex: pedir Ex: pensar Pensam ue Ex: jugar Cuesto Pido Pedimo Piens Jueg Jugamo s os Yo s o s Nosotros o Cuesta Costáis Pides Pedís Piens Pensá s Vosotro Juega Jugáis Tú s as is s Cuest Cuesta Pide Piden a n Piens Piens Ellos, a an Juega Juega El, Boot Boot Boot Ellas, n Ella, 0-UE Uds. (ex): El vaso cuesta viente pesos. Ud. E-IE (ex): Yo pienso la fiesta de mi hermano. E-I (ex): ¿Pido un postre y lo compartimos? U-UE (ex): Yo juego el baloncesto y béisbol.
  • 5. • Means for or in order to • It is used to indicate when you want to include for in a sentence to emphasize possesion or belonging in most cases. • Ex: Yo preparo la fiesta para mi hermano. • This means I prepare the party for my brother. • Ex: Quisiera un bicileta para dos. • This means I want a bicycle intended for two people to ride (tandem). • Vive para comer • This means he/she lives to eat.
  • 6. Me Nos Te Vos le Les • Indirect object pronouns are placed after direct object pronouns to indicate to whom or for whom the action is being specified. Indirect object before it is • Tú escribas las cartas a Anna. turned into a pronoun A Anna is changed to le because the DO • Tú le escribas las cartas. is directed toward Anna and so it is le. These are the IOP pronouns. The IOP’s can be placed in 3 places which include in between the verb and subject, attached to an infinitive, and before the DOP. Ex (between verb and subject): Tú le escribas las cartas. Ex (attached to an infinitive): Ellos va a comprarte los flores. Ex (before the DOP): Yo te lo compro.
  • 7. Ejemplos Attach the • Me afeito. pronoun to a • Yo te escribo las cartas a ti. progressive tense Attach the pronoun to the infinitive Place the Attach the pronoun pronoun to before the an conjugated affirmative verb command
  • 8. • Gustar is used to show that someone likes something because Gustar literally means, in the infinitive, to like. • The Pronouns that are associated with gustar are the same as IOPs. Me Nos Te Vos Le Les • Ex: Me gusta los chicharones. • This means I like chicharones. • Ex: Me gustas tú. • This means I like you.
  • 9. • Affirmatives and negatives are used to give something a negative or affirmative connotation. Affirmativos Negativos Algo- something Nada- nothing Alguien- someone Nadie- no one Algún/ Alguno- some Ningún/ Ninguno- none, not any Siempre- always Nunca- never También- also Tampoco- neither, either • Quisiera algo de tomar. • This means I would like something to drink. • Quisiera nada de tomar. • Obivously, this is negated from the former sentence and becomes I would like nothing to drink. • Las chicas quieren ningún postre. • This means the girls would not like any desert.
  • 10. • When you express adjectives in an exaggerated way, you have to drop the final vowel and add the ending of –ísimo(a). Then you have to make it agree with gender and number to the specific noun it modifies. • Ex: ¡El monstruo es feoísimo! Male and singular • Ex: ¡Las ideas de Rosa son intersantísimas! Feminine and plural • When the last consonant is a C, G, or Z, spelling changes have to take place. • C  QU • Rico(a)  riquísimo(a) • Ex: El postre es riquísimo. • G  GU • Largo(a)  larguísimo(a) • Los pantalones son larguísimo. • ZC • Feliz  felicísimo(a) • La fiesta es felicísima.
  • 11. • Reflexives are used when you refer back to yourself like I wash my self or to dry one’s hair; basically it is an action that you perform to yourself. • They need to be properly formatted; this is done by taking the se off the back end of the reflexive verb. Once you Me this, you can then do Nos place it in front of the verb with one of these pronouns  Te Os • Reflexives only end in se Se Se • So, (acostarse) • Step 1: conjugate  (yo) acuesto • Step 2: add appropriate reflexive pronoun • Where can you put them? • In front of a conjugated verb • Attached to a gerund • Attached to infinitive • Attached to an affirmative command
  • 12. Affirmative Tú Simply drop the Can attach DOP Affirmative Tú command ‘S’ to ending • ¡Come! • This means, eat! It is an affirmative command put in tú form the s dropped. • ¡Habla! • ¡Roba! • ¡Estudia! • Irregulares  Di, Haz, Ve, Pon, Sal, Sé, Ten, Ven • Di  Decir  say or tell • Haz  Hacer  make or do • Ve  Ir  go Pronnoun Placement • Pon  Poner  put • Attach to infintive • Sal  Salir  leave • Gerund • Sé  Ser  be • Before a conjugated verb • Ten  Tener  have • Affirmative Command • Ven  Venir  come
  • 13. • Negativos Change to the opposite vowel Negative Tú Put in ‘yo’ form Add an ‘S’ command Ar  e Er, ir  a • These are used to indicate something is not. • TV DISHES • Tener  No tengas Pronoun Placement • Venir  No Vengas • Infinitive • Dar/ Decir  No des/ digas • Gerund • Ir  No vegas • Before conjugated verb • Ser  No Seas • Affirmative command • Hacer  No hagas • Estar  No estes • Saber  No Sepas
  • 14. • There are many sequencing words used to indicate time and place. They include primero, entonces, luego/ después, por fin, antes de/ después de, por la mañana/ tarde/ noche, los lunes • Ex: Primero, Alberto se afeita por la mañana. • Después de se ducha, se acuesta. • Antes de me pongo la ropa, me maquillo. • Luego, se duerme. • Por fin, me duerme.