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Prepositions
Prepared by: Younes TAIA
Outline
   Preposition of occurrence
   Meanings of preposition
   Problems ESL/ EFL
   Exercise
   Activity
I.   Position of occurrence
 WHEN or WHERE do prepositions
           occur?


• At the head of a prepositional phrase
  and usually before the head of a noun
  phrase.
Prepositional verbs

• An Example should be like below:


          vp
They [Decided on] [the bus].   Prepositional Verb
Adjectives + Preposition
            Combination
An Example should be like below:
                                   Adj
 Some people should be very [ sorry ].
                                   Adj   Prep
 Some people should be very [ sorry] [ for]
                      Np

              [ the inconvenience].
Idiomatic constructions with two
            prepositions
Prepositions can function as well as parts of
  idiomatic constructions...

 In comparison with…
 With regards to …
 In accordance with…
Construction with Preposition followed by
              ‘That clauses’

                      Prep            clause
You should pay me [in the event] [ that you understand the lesson.]
In Order + infinitive clauses
 usually in this construction ‘in order’ is
  removed or absent so instead of:
                      Prep       clause
She worked hard [ in order ] [to get rich ].
We use :
She worked hard to get rich.
Preposition + preposition combination


Some types of prepositions may be directley followed by another
  Preposition



The sound seemed to be coming [ from    inside   the chest ]
II. The meanings of prepositions
Thematic roles


These are roles of preposition that
describe the NP in terms of its relation to
the verb.
Location
• Static location. prepositions such as: In,
  On , Under, and Beside.
  Ex:

     The Book is On the Table
location
• Source prepositions. such as: from , and
  off are used to describe an action’s point
  of origin or source.
  Ex :
  Naima has just came [ from khenifra ]
location
• Goal preposition. Such as: to, into, and
  onto can be used an action’s point of
  termination.
 Ex :

Ahlam went     to    [ Tetouan ].
Instrumental
The prepostion with and by can be used to
 indicate: who or the thing with which the
 action is made.
Ex:

 Akklouch disturbs me by his comments.
Comitative
• Please note that with also expresses the
  notion of accompaniment.
 Ex:

  Last Wednesday, I saw Aziz running away from
 the armed students with Zakaria.
Comitative
The prototypical meanings of many prepositions
 are often extended into different domains. For
 instance, can be used to refer to time.
He said he was coming at four o’clock.

Jennifer’s class runs from 10 am to 1:30.
Problems that ESL/ EFL students have with
                prepositions

Thinking that language rules are the same.
Ex :
 Està en la mesa. Està en el curato.

 It is on the table.   It is in the room.
Exercise
• Sophia went to the movies with her friend.
• With => comitative
• On the way to the class, they had to walk
  through the whole campus.
• To => Goal, Through => intermediate
  location
Exercise
•   He opened the room with a key.
•   With => Instrumental
•   Asma fired her gun directly at takey-Eddin.
•   At => Goal
•   Hayda was standing by the water fountain.
•   By => static location
Activity
Preposition
The end
Enjoy Next presentation With Mr. Zakaria

           On ‘Multi Verbs’

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Preposition

  • 2. Outline  Preposition of occurrence  Meanings of preposition  Problems ESL/ EFL  Exercise  Activity
  • 3. I. Position of occurrence
  • 4.  WHEN or WHERE do prepositions occur? • At the head of a prepositional phrase and usually before the head of a noun phrase.
  • 5. Prepositional verbs • An Example should be like below: vp They [Decided on] [the bus]. Prepositional Verb
  • 6. Adjectives + Preposition Combination An Example should be like below: Adj  Some people should be very [ sorry ]. Adj Prep  Some people should be very [ sorry] [ for] Np [ the inconvenience].
  • 7. Idiomatic constructions with two prepositions Prepositions can function as well as parts of idiomatic constructions...  In comparison with…  With regards to …  In accordance with…
  • 8. Construction with Preposition followed by ‘That clauses’ Prep clause You should pay me [in the event] [ that you understand the lesson.]
  • 9. In Order + infinitive clauses usually in this construction ‘in order’ is removed or absent so instead of: Prep clause She worked hard [ in order ] [to get rich ]. We use : She worked hard to get rich.
  • 10. Preposition + preposition combination Some types of prepositions may be directley followed by another Preposition The sound seemed to be coming [ from inside the chest ]
  • 11. II. The meanings of prepositions
  • 12. Thematic roles These are roles of preposition that describe the NP in terms of its relation to the verb.
  • 13. Location • Static location. prepositions such as: In, On , Under, and Beside. Ex: The Book is On the Table
  • 14. location • Source prepositions. such as: from , and off are used to describe an action’s point of origin or source. Ex : Naima has just came [ from khenifra ]
  • 15. location • Goal preposition. Such as: to, into, and onto can be used an action’s point of termination. Ex : Ahlam went to [ Tetouan ].
  • 16. Instrumental The prepostion with and by can be used to indicate: who or the thing with which the action is made. Ex: Akklouch disturbs me by his comments.
  • 17. Comitative • Please note that with also expresses the notion of accompaniment. Ex: Last Wednesday, I saw Aziz running away from the armed students with Zakaria.
  • 18. Comitative The prototypical meanings of many prepositions are often extended into different domains. For instance, can be used to refer to time. He said he was coming at four o’clock. Jennifer’s class runs from 10 am to 1:30.
  • 19. Problems that ESL/ EFL students have with prepositions Thinking that language rules are the same. Ex : Està en la mesa. Està en el curato. It is on the table. It is in the room.
  • 20. Exercise • Sophia went to the movies with her friend. • With => comitative • On the way to the class, they had to walk through the whole campus. • To => Goal, Through => intermediate location
  • 21. Exercise • He opened the room with a key. • With => Instrumental • Asma fired her gun directly at takey-Eddin. • At => Goal • Hayda was standing by the water fountain. • By => static location
  • 24. The end Enjoy Next presentation With Mr. Zakaria On ‘Multi Verbs’