2.  Helps transfer information in the form of
nerve impulse
 Pre-synaptic to postsynaptic
 Neurohormones ?

3.  Must be synthesized by a neuron
 Stored in pre-synatic endings
 Released at the synapse
 Has specific receptors on Post-synaptic
membrane
 Suitable termination of action

4. Group Ex’s
Acetylcholine Ach
Catecholamines NE, Epinephrine, Dopamine,
Serotonin, Histamine
Amino Acids Excitatory – Glutamate, Aspartate
Inhibitory – GABA , Glycine
Polypeptides ADH, oxytocin , endorphines ,
enkephalines , somatostatin ,
sunstance p , CRH, TRH..etc
Purines Adenosine , ATP
Gases NO , CO

5.  Distribution
› All preganglionic neurons
› Post-ganglionic parasymapthetic
› Neuromuscular junctions
› Many parts of brain
› Amacrine cells in retina

7.  Nicotinic – ligand gated ion channel
› Two subtypes
 Muscarnic – G protein coupled
› Five subtypes (M1 to M5 )

10.  Post ganglionic sympathetic nerves
 Adrenal medulla (NE)

11. Properties Adrenalin & Nor-
Adrenalin
Dopamine
Receptors Alpha – 1, 2
Beta – 1, 2, 3
D1-5
Termination MAO
COMT
Same

12.  Major inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain
and retina
 Produced by decarboxylation
glutamate by glutamate decarboxylase

13. GABA a Brain Ligand gated ion
channel
GABA b Brain G protein coupled
GABA c Retina Ligand gated ion
channel

15.  Inhibitory neurotransmitter
 Site of action for
 Anaesthetics
 Sedatives ( benzodiazepins )
 Alcohol

16.  Predominantly inhibitory neurotransmitter
 Glutamate
› major excitatory neurotransmitter
› Derived from kreb cycle
› Termination – taken up by astrocytes
› Excitotoxic

17.  Aka 5 – Hydroxy tryptamine
 Found in CNS , ENS , retina
 In brain Raphe nucleus contain serotonin
 Derived from trptophan
 Receptors are 5HT 1-7 ( 7 types with
subtypes )
 Acts as a mood elevator
 Hallucinogen
 Also secreted by enterochromaffin cells
,platelets , basophills
 Smooth muscle contraction ,

19.  Neurotransmitter and hormone
 Hypothalamus , limbic system
 H1, H2, H3
 Smooth muscle contraction
 Secretion of HCL
 Increased capillary permeability

20.  Its one of the major tachykinin
(polypeptide11AA)
 Found in many parts of brain , GIT,
Nerves
 NK 1 , 2, 3 are receptors

21.  Neurotransmitter for pain in dorsal horn
of spinal cord
 in hypothalamus for endocrinal
modulation
 Axon reflex
 Peristalsis in gut
 Along with dopamine in basal ganglia

22.  Aka endothelium derived relaxing factor
(EDRF)
 Blood vessels , brain
 Derived from arginine by NO synthase