2. Professional are granted certain rights by society and, in turn, they are obligated to meet accepted standards of professional behavior. ETHICS
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4. Levels of regulating professional practice AT ROOT (as human being) Responsible behavior Personal values and standards AS CITIZENS Civil and criminal laws, regulations, and judicial rulings AS ARCHITECTS Choosing architecture as one's life work Registration laws and regulations FINALLY Code of ethics and professional conduct ETHICS
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9. Joining a professional society means subscribing to that society's ethical standards. PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
10. The code of ethics provides members with guidelines and rules for fulfilling their obligations to the public , clients and users of architecture, the profession , their professional colleagues , the building industry , and the base knowledge on which the practice of architecture rests. PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
11. The code is arranged in three tiers: 1. CANONS: Broad principles of conduct to the discipline, the public, the client, the profession, and professional colleagues. 2. ETHICAL STANDARDS: More specific goals toward which members should aspire in professional practice and conduct. 3. RULES OF CONDUCT: Implement the canons and the ethical standards. The canons and ethical standards are stated in aspirational terms; the rules are mandatory and describe the "floor" below which a member's actions may not fall. PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
27. Problem: A Project Manager, is supervising construction of a medium-sized part assembly workshop. He submits a report to his boss indicating the cost breakdown of the foundation and framing work based on the soil analysis and loading specifications for the building. The total came to $25,000. His boss then told him to do whatever it takes to get that figure down to $20,000. ETHICS Examples (1)
28. He should: a. Adjust the analysis and specifications figures somewhat in order to cut costs. b. Redo the soil tests to try to get better figures. c. Notify the inspection authorities that his boss was trying to get him to behave dishonestly. d. Try to revise the framing design to minimize material costs while meeting the design specifications. e. Both (b) and (d) are appropriate. ETHICS Examples (1)
29. Solution: The correct answer is: e. Both (b) and (d) are appropriate. Answer (a) is obviously dishonest. Answer (c) would be correct if he was sure his boss intended that he behave dishonestly; this, however, is jumping to conclusions. Answer (b) is a good solution since soil testing is not an exact science and better results could be obtained. Answer (d) is also quite acceptable. Remember that you can rarely cut costs by looking at only one alternative; it often takes a combination of different revisions. So (e) is correct. ETHICS Examples (1)
30. By applying the codes of ethics, an architect earns the trust and respect of his clients and employer. ARCHITECT
33. Problem: A Project Manager, has a dilemma. His boss has insisted that the entire project be signed, sealed, and in his office by the end of the day. The final portion of the project has just been submitted by one of the engineers working on the project. He has not yet had time to review this part, but the engineer who did the work says there should be no problem with it. ETHICS Examples (3)
34. He should: a. Insist on reviewing it before submitting the project. b. Take his word on it and seal the whole project. c. Seal the project but later review the final part. d. Not sign the entire project, but allow someone else to do it for him so he can avoid responsibility for portions of the project he didn't review. ETHICS Examples (3)
35. Solution: The correct answer is: a. Insist on reviewing it before submitting the project. Answer (b) would be officially approving something the quality of which he was unsure. Answer (c) would be equally wrong despite good intentions. Answer (d) is simply forgery. (A) is correct. ETHICS Examples (3)
36. Honesty and good will among engineers provide the foundation for maintaining the reputation of their profession.
38. Problem: A Bid Manager, is in charge of a closed bid in which several firms are involved. The last day of the bidding period arrives, and one firm has not yet submitted an entry. He calls the firm and asks if they are going to submit a bid, and they say they have been too busy to write a proposal but might be able to get one worked out by the next day. ETHICS Examples (2)
39. He should: a. Open the bids and reveal the lowest bid to encourage the firm to enter. b. Open the bids and quote a false low bid so they will enter, but he will not be giving away the contract. c. Tell them he can't do anything for them. d. Allow the firm to enter a late bid. ETHICS Examples (2)
40. Solution: The correct answer is: c. Tell them he can't do anything for them. Answer (a) would violate the ethical purpose of the closed bid. Answer (b) would be equally wrong. Answer (d) is unfair to the other firms who entered on time. (C) is correct. ETHICS Examples (2)
41. Problem: A owns an engineering firm. One of his competitors has released public statements criticizing the firm's work. The most ethical option for him is to: a. Criticize the competition to even the playing field. b. Publicize whatever he knows of their own professional deficiencies. c. Make a monetary offer for retraction of the statement. d. Release a statement offering factual rebuttal of the claims and denouncing the competitor's tactics. ETHICS Examples (4)
42. Solution: The correct answer is: d. Release a statement offering factual rebuttal of the claims and denouncing the competitor's tactics. Answer (a) would be just as bad as what was done to Jim. Answer (b) would be equally wrong. Answer (c) constitutes bribery, and should be unnecessary if his firm is made up of competent engineers who do honest work. Answer (d) is correct. ETHICS Examples (4)
43. Problem: B is offered some additional gifts and services in exchange for using superior materials on a remodeling project. This was not detailed in the contract. She should: a. Take the offer and use the special materials. b. Reject the offer. c. Ask her boss which of the gifts to accept. d. Accept the gifts but use the materials specified in the contract in order to retain neutrality. ETHICS Examples (5)
44. Solution: The correct answer is: b. Reject the offer. Answer (a) would be cheating her firm and involves a conflict of interest. Answers (c) and (d) are equally unethical. She should stick to the contract. Answer (b) is correct. ETHICS Examples (5)