The document traces the evolution of business from ancient times to the modern era. It discusses how agriculture was the first business transaction in ancient Sumeria. It then covers feudalism in the Middle Ages, the rise of money and capitalism, industrialization, and modern developments like computers, the World Wide Web, and space exploration that have transformed business.
2. Sumerian Economy Agriculture was the first business transaction ever recorded.
3. Feudalism in the Middle Ages Throughout the Middle Ages feudalism endured.
4. $Money, Money, Money$ Money increases profitabilty Creates new kinds of business opportunities Loans increases owner’s future wealth Capital investments
6. The Growth of Enterprise Bankers-estimate the risk with new ventures Risk- plays the key role of success Free Trade- makes the world go round Land- the fruit of our labor
7. Capitalism Capitalists-own physical capital of production Proletariet- worked for subsistence wages Trade Union-lobbied on behalf of its members Class System-rankings in social hierarchy
8. The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution has transformed our societies into a new era of existence and continues on evolving.
10. World Wide Web Worldwide communication and interaction at a touch of a button.
11. Space Travel Exploration & Tourism Reach out and touch space.
12. References Reference Page Entry Mesopotamia. (2008). Mesopotamia: the First civilization. Retrieved August 3, 2008, from http://socsci.gulfcoast.edu/rbaldwin/mesopotamia.htm In-Text Citation [Mesopotamian education always had a practical side because of the economic… ] (Mesopotamia, 2008). Reference Page Entry Ancientscripts.com. (1996-2007). Ancient Scripts: Sumerian. Retrieved August 3, 2008, from http://www.ancientscripts.com/sumerian.html PHOTO Reference Page Entry Hundred Years' War 1337-1453. (2003). Hundred Years' War 1337-1453. Retrieved August 3, 2008, from http://www.theotherside.co.uk/tm-heritage/background/100yearswar.htm PHOTO Reference Page Entry fasting growing investments. (2003). Fasting growing investments. Retrieved August 3, 2008, from http://www.fastestgrowinginvestments.com/image/2219868.jpeg PHOTO Reference Page Entry Gale cengage learning. (2008). Gale cengage learning. Retrieved August 3, 2008, from galegroup.com PHOTO Reference Page Entry http://www.amherst.edu/~cmottau08 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_World_Wide_Web http://www.flickr.com/photos/nickderington/2256776593/ Reference Page Entry Space travel and exploration (2007). Retrieved August 3, 2008, from http://www.space-travel.com/Space_Travel.html In-Text Citation Section 9 Reference Page Entry The Evolution of Business. Retrieved August 3, 2008, from Introduction to Business Chapter 2 In-Text Citation Chapter 2
Editor's Notes
I would like to introduce myself, Kathrene Borden, as a student who is studying to get my degree in International Business. In this Power Point demonstration, I will be discussing the evolution of business from the Stone Age to the Space Age. I will be giving a brief on each era as they occurred.
"Mesopotamian education always had a practical side because of the economic and administrative importance of scribes. Most scribes took administrative positions in the temple or palace, where they kept records of business transactions, accounts, and inventories. But scribal schools did not limit their curriculum to business affairs. They were also centers of culture and scholarship. Topics of study included mathematics, botany, and linguistics" (Mckay 13)
The business or economic system in which one class of people, aristocrats, control the property rights to all valuable resources, including people.
The use of money as a medium of exchange facilitates occupational specialization and this increases the wealth thatcan be generated from labor and land.
The business system in which a product’s price differences are exploited by trading the product across marketsand countries. Eg. (From the time of the Phoenician traders onwards, there was a great deal of mercantilismbetween countries in the Middle East and Europe. Even in Egyptian times this trade was huge. Papyrus records exist that describe vast quantities of grain and olive oil being stored in warehouses that extended over many playing fieldsin Alexandria, Egypt for sale abroad.)
The growing supply of profits and capital brought about by combining land, labor, and trade led to a rapid increase in thefourth productive resource, enterprise.
Capitalism is the economic or business system in which the private ownership of resources becomes the basis for the production and distribution of goods and services.Capitalists are people who personally own or control the physical capital of industrial production such as machinery, factories, distribution networks, raw materials, and technology.Proletariat is the class of unskilled workers who have no capital and only possess the rights to selltheir own labor.Trade union is an organization that lobbies on behalf of its members (workers) to increase their bargaining power in workrelatednegotiations.CClass system is a social ranking of people based upon the amount of their capital and wealth, and because of factors such as heredity, kinship, fame, and occupation.
Most developed countries around the world have experienced at least some of the aspects of the Industrial Revolution, and this has hada lasting effect on their business and social systems. We should also note that the Industrial Revolution is still going on. Many third-world nations are just now beginning to mechanize, and companies are increasingly locating their facilities in thesecountries such as in China, India, Malaysia, Mexico, and Brazil.
On April Fool's Day, 1976, Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs released the Apple I computer and started Apple Computers. The Apple I was the first with a single circuit board used in a computer. The first home computer with a GUI or graphical user interface was the Apple Lisa. The very first graphical user interface was developed by the Xerox Corporation at their Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) in the 1970s. Steve Jobs, visited PARC in 1979 (after buying Xerox stock) and was impressed and influenced by the Xerox Alto, the first computer ever with a graphical user interface. Jobs designed the new Apple Lisa based on the technology he saw at Xerox.
By 1996 it became obvious to most publicly traded companies that a public Web presence was no longer optional. Though at first people saw mainly the possibilities of free publishing and instant worldwide information, increasing familiarity with two-way communication over the "Web" led to the possibility of direct Web-based commerce (e-commerce) and instantaneous group communications worldwide. These concepts in turn intrigued many bright, young, often underemployed people (many of Generation X), who realized that new business models would soon arise based on these possibilities, and wanted to be among the first to profit from these new models.
Virgin Galactic, which expects to become the world's first commercial spaceline, has contracted Wyle to provide chief medical officer, medical data analysis, and program management services to advise and guide the preparation of its first passengers for spaceflight. Wyle's Life Sciences Group, which has more than four decades experience supporting NASA's human space program, provides medical screening and qualification, training, data and risk management, and mission and ground operations support to space transportation providers and operators, spaceports, and regulators through its Commercial Human Spaceflight Services unit.