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Electricity
Parallel and Series Circuit (HBL 2)




           • Electric Circuits
           • What makes a Bulb brighter?
Electric Circuits
• Closed Circuit
  Electric current flows through it.

• Open Circuit
  There is a break.
  Electric current does not flow through it.
Electric Circuits
• Circuit diagrams record the components
  and connections of a circuit in a simple
  and clear way.
• Basic Circuit symbols:

    battery

                            bulb

     2 batteries


                             switch
      wire
Components of an
             Electric Circuit
• Actual circuit versus Circuit diagram
                         battery
     wire

                battery holder


            switch
                                    bulb
                                   wire
                                             battery


                                    switch       bulb
In a circuit, the brightness of a bulb
depends on:
a) The number of batteries used
    (the greater the number of batteries,
    the brighter the bulb).
b) Arrangement of components of the
    circuit.
Factors that affect the
         brightness of a bulb:
1. The number of batteries (in series)

      Single battery       Multiple batteries




         dimmer                 brighter
More ……
• As more batteries are added in series,
  more current is available and the bulbs
  become brighter.
• When too many batteries are added, the
  current is so great that one of the bulbs
  may blow/fuse (too much heat is made by
  the filament that it burns out).
Factors that affect the
           brightness of a bulb:
2. The arrangement of batteries

     Batteries arranged   Batteries arranged
         in parallel           in series




          dimmer                brighter
More ……
• Batteries need to be connected with the poles
  in the proper direction for current to flow –
  positive end of one battery needs to be joined
  to the negative end of another.
• When the number of components is the same,
  the bulb of the circuit with batteries arranged in
  series is brighter than that in parallel.
• However, if one battery is removed, only the
  bulb of the circuit with batteries arranged in
  parallel remains lighted up.
Factors that affect the
         brightness of a bulb:
3. The number of bulbs

       Single bulb       Multiple bulbs




        brighter
                            dimmer
More ……
• The greater the number of bulbs, the
  dimmer they are.
Factors that affect the
         brightness of a bulb:
4. The arrangement of bulbs

     Bulbs arranged       Bulbs arranged
       in Parallel           in Series




        brighter              dimmer
Bulbs in series vs
                   Bulbs in parallel
 Points for                           Arrangement of bulbs in:
comparison                    Series                             Parallel
Number of                 Only one path;                    2 or more paths;
paths for the         current passes through              current splits up and
electric current   components one after another        passes through each branch
                                                            at the same time;
                                                         paths are independent
                                                              of each other
Brightness
                              Dimmer                              Brighter
of bulbs
If one bulb is       Electric current cannot flow      Electric current can still flow
removed or             through the circuit, the       through the other path and the
damaged            remaining bulb will not light up       other bulb still lights up
Application                       -                      Used in the connection of
                                                      circuits in the houses; twinkling
                                                      lights, bumper cars in fun fairs
Application ……
• All the lights in our houses were
  connected in series, then we have to turn
  on all the lights at the same time. If one
  bulb blows, then all the bulbs will not light
  up. Hence household lighting and wiring
  is arranged in parallel. Each bulb has an
  individual switch to control it.
• Christmas Tree lightings
The End

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Electricity Parallel And Series Circuit (Hbl Wk2)

  • 1. Electricity Parallel and Series Circuit (HBL 2) • Electric Circuits • What makes a Bulb brighter?
  • 2. Electric Circuits • Closed Circuit Electric current flows through it. • Open Circuit There is a break. Electric current does not flow through it.
  • 3. Electric Circuits • Circuit diagrams record the components and connections of a circuit in a simple and clear way. • Basic Circuit symbols: battery bulb 2 batteries switch wire
  • 4. Components of an Electric Circuit • Actual circuit versus Circuit diagram battery wire battery holder switch bulb wire battery switch bulb
  • 5. In a circuit, the brightness of a bulb depends on: a) The number of batteries used (the greater the number of batteries, the brighter the bulb). b) Arrangement of components of the circuit.
  • 6. Factors that affect the brightness of a bulb: 1. The number of batteries (in series) Single battery Multiple batteries dimmer brighter
  • 7. More …… • As more batteries are added in series, more current is available and the bulbs become brighter. • When too many batteries are added, the current is so great that one of the bulbs may blow/fuse (too much heat is made by the filament that it burns out).
  • 8. Factors that affect the brightness of a bulb: 2. The arrangement of batteries Batteries arranged Batteries arranged in parallel in series dimmer brighter
  • 9. More …… • Batteries need to be connected with the poles in the proper direction for current to flow – positive end of one battery needs to be joined to the negative end of another. • When the number of components is the same, the bulb of the circuit with batteries arranged in series is brighter than that in parallel. • However, if one battery is removed, only the bulb of the circuit with batteries arranged in parallel remains lighted up.
  • 10. Factors that affect the brightness of a bulb: 3. The number of bulbs Single bulb Multiple bulbs brighter dimmer
  • 11. More …… • The greater the number of bulbs, the dimmer they are.
  • 12. Factors that affect the brightness of a bulb: 4. The arrangement of bulbs Bulbs arranged Bulbs arranged in Parallel in Series brighter dimmer
  • 13. Bulbs in series vs Bulbs in parallel Points for Arrangement of bulbs in: comparison Series Parallel Number of Only one path; 2 or more paths; paths for the current passes through current splits up and electric current components one after another passes through each branch at the same time; paths are independent of each other Brightness Dimmer Brighter of bulbs If one bulb is Electric current cannot flow Electric current can still flow removed or through the circuit, the through the other path and the damaged remaining bulb will not light up other bulb still lights up Application - Used in the connection of circuits in the houses; twinkling lights, bumper cars in fun fairs
  • 14. Application …… • All the lights in our houses were connected in series, then we have to turn on all the lights at the same time. If one bulb blows, then all the bulbs will not light up. Hence household lighting and wiring is arranged in parallel. Each bulb has an individual switch to control it. • Christmas Tree lightings