This document discusses different philosophies of teaching: - Essentialism focuses on academic content mastery and transmitting traditional values, with teachers deciding what's important. - Perennialism uses a universal curriculum based on human nature, with creative techniques to develop understanding of timeless concepts. - Existentialism teaches students to define their own essence through self-paced, self-directed learning with individual teacher guidance. - Linguistic philosophy develops communication skills through multiple languages to articulate experiences. - Behaviorism shapes student behavior through environmental arrangements and learning from others. - Constructivism has students actively construct knowledge through experiences, questioning, and dialogical exchange between teachers and peers.