1. Aug. 24, 2010- Lab Safety Quiz
 Answer the following questions on your own sheet
of paper, using the picture given.
 DO NOT write the questions.
1. List 3 unsafe activities shown in the illustration and
explain why each is unsafe.
2. List 3 correct lab procedures depicted in the
illustration.
3. Compare Luke and Duke's lab techniques. Who is
following the rules?
4. What are three things shown in the lab that should
not be there?
5. Compare Joe and Carl's lab techniques. Who is
doing it the correct way?

2. August 24, 2010
 Lab Safety Quiz
 Modeling Journal Format
 Homework discussion/notes

3. Journal Set up

4. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology
August 24, 2010

5. What is the difference between
Anatomy & Physiology?

6. Anatomy and Physiology Defined
 Anatomy is the study of structure and the
relationship among structures.
 What can we do to study anatomy?

DISSECTION

7. Anatomy and Physiology
Defined
 Physiology is the study of how body structures
function.

8. What are the levels of
organization for LIVING things?

9. Levels of Structural
Organization
 The human body consists of several levels of
structural organization: cellular, tissue, organ,
system, and organismic levels.

10. Directional Terms
 These are commonly used by medical
personal in the course of their jobs.
 Get into groups of four.
 You will each be given a few directional terms.
 You must either act out or draw the definition of
each one for the class.

11. Superior
 (toward the head)

12. inferior
 (away from the head)

13. posterior
 (near back of the body)

14. anterior
 (near front of the body)

15. lateral
 (near side of the body)

16. medial
 (near midline of the body)

17. proximal
(nearer the attachment of an extremity to
the trunk or a structure)

18. distal
 (farther from the attachment of an
extremity to the trunk or a structure)

19. superficial
 (on the surface of the body)
Superficial Hemangioma
or strawberry birthmark

20. Deep
 (away from the surface of the body)
Cystic mass DEEP inside the body

21. ipsilateral
1. (same side of the body)
Ipsilateral Paralysis

22. contralateral
 (opposite side of body)
Each hand is controlled by a contralateral motor cortex:
Left brain controls right hand, etc.

23. parietal
(outer wall of a cavity)
Think of saran wrap lining
the inside of the body cavity.

24. visceral
(covering an organ).
In or on an organ
Outside of an organ

25. Wednesday – August 25, 2010
“IN” Objective:
I will draw a life size body with
Bell activity: different directional terms.
Draw anterior,
posterior, distal, and
proximal.
“OUT” Homework:
At the end of class… Make sure all supplies are
purchased and you have all
signature forms in!

26. August 25, 2010
 Directional Terms Drawing
 Out Questions

27. Directional Terms
 In the following activity you will practice labeling
directional terms on a body.
 Trace the outline of a group member’s body (if
possible) on butcher paper.
 Label the following directional terms: superior,
inferior, anterior, posterior, medial,
lateral, ipsilateral, contralateral,
proximal, & distal.
 You need to create a REFERENCE POINT for
ipsilateral & contralateral (eye patch, scar, etc).
 Make if LEGIBLE & colorful (if there is time)

28. OUT
Answer the following questions.
1. What are the three body planes mention on page
16 of your book?
a) Find an alternate name for each of the body planes
above.
2. Draw a body with each of the three body planes.
3. Define dorsal cavity. What 2 regions is it divided
into?
a) What organs are found here (list 2).
4. Define Ventral cavity. What 2 regions is it split into?
a) What organs are found here (list 2).

29. Bell activity
Body Planes Use page 16 of
book
 Each table will be given a type of body plane.
 Pick one person out of each table to be your
model.
 Using the string given, cut your model into each
body plan as the name is called out.
 Table 1- Transverse Table 5-Median
 Table 2- Frontal Table 6- Sagittal
 Table 3- Coronal Table 7- Transverse
 Table 4- Horizontal Table 8- Coronal

30. August 26, 2010
 Body plane engage
 Body Plane Notes
 PAG Homework (OUT) Questions
 REMINDER
 Research paper due tomorrow
 Quiz next class on week

31. Body Plane
 Planes are imaginary sections of the body.
 There are commonly 3 planes used to section
the body: transverse, sagittal, & coronal.
 These plane sections are commonly used
when observing x-rays or other anatomical
structures.

32. Transverse
 Another name:
 Horizontal
 Defined as:
 A crosswise plane dividing the body into
superior and inferior parts.

33. Coronal
 Another name:
 Frontal
 Defined as:
 A lengthwise plane running side to side;
divides body into anterior and posterior
parts.

34. Sagittal
 Another name:
 Median, midsagittal
 Defined as:
 A lengthwise plane running front to back,
diving the body into left and right sides.

36. Body Cavities
 Spaces in the body that contain internal
organs are called cavities.
 There are two major body cavities: Dorsal &
Ventral Cavity.

37. What is dorsal?
 What does the word mean?
 What does it make you think of?
 What organs would you find here?

38. What is Ventral?
 If dorsal refers to the back, then ventral could
only be….
 What organs would you find here?

40. The dorsal body cavity
 contains the brain
and the spine.
 It is subdivided
into cranial
(brain) and
vertebral/spinal
cavities (spinal
cord)

41. Ventral body cavity
 The space of the body’s
trunk anterior to the
vertebral column and
posterior to the sternum
and abdominal muscle wall.
 Further divided into: The
thoracic cavity (heart, lungs,
trachea, etc) and the
abdominopelvic cavity
(liver, stomach, kidneys, etc).

42. OUT
 What body cavity (Cranial, spinal,
abdominopelvic, or thoracic) would you find:
 Lungs?
 Heart?
 Uterus
 Stomach
 Spine
 Esophagus
 brain

43. August 27, 2010
 Quiz
 Body Type NOTES
 Body Type Activity
 Research Paper Due

44. Descriptive Terms of the Body
Region
 Terms used for
the body found
on your
handout.
 Study them for
homework.
 Quiz next class
on this and
everything
else. :D

45. Descriptive Terms of the Body
Region
 These terms are
more commonly
used by medical
personally then
the terms we use.
 You are more
likely to hear the
term occipital then
head in the
hospital because
Occipital is more
specific (back of
head).

46. Body Types
 Somatotype is a term used to describe
a specific body build or physique.
 There are three body types:
 Endomorph
 Mesomorph
 Ectomorph

47. Endomorph Apple
 Heavy rounded physique
 Large accumulation of fat in
trunk and thighs.
 “Apple shaped” endomorphs
have large waistlines & more
health risks.
 Pear shaped endomorphs
have smaller waists and
more fat in the hip, thighs,
and buttock. Less health
risks then apples.
Pear

48. Mesomorph
 Muscular physique

49. Ectomorph
 Thin, waifish physique characterized by little
body fat.
 Ectomorph DOES NOT always mean anorexic.

50. Body Types
 In your journal, make a chart with the column below:
Mesomorph Endomorph Ectomorph
 Looking through a magazine, find examples of the
three body types.
 Cut out the pictures and glue them on to your journal.
 Point out the following body regions on your pictures:
orbital, nasal, buccal, pectoral, deltoid, axillary, carpal,
femoral, patellar, tarsal, lumbar, gluteal, & popliteal.

51. Bell activity
 Using the body organs, group them as
being in the:
1. Cranial body cavity
2. Vertebral Body cavity
3. Thoracic body cavity
4. Abdominal pelvic cavity
 Write answers in your IN section.

52. Wrap up
 What organs did you have?
 About where on your body is each one
found?
 What cavities would that be?

53. August 30, 2010
 Homeostasis
Discussion
 Finish Body Type
Activity

54. Homeostasis
 Homeostasis is a condition in which the
internal environment of the body remains
relatively constant.
 Homeostasis is controlled mainly by the
nervous and endocrine systems.

55. Set point of range
 The normal reading or range of a condition.
 For example: set point of glucose/ml is between
80 and 100 mg.
 Homeostasis attempts to keep reading within
the set point of range.

56. Feedback loops
1. Sensor mechanisms
2. Integrating or control center
3. Effector mechanism
4. Feedback
 Signals can be either Afferent (move
toward a control center) or Efferent (moves
away from a control center)

57. Sensory Mechanisms
 Nerve cells or hormone producing glands act
as homeostatic sensors.
 They identify conditions (temp., blood glucose)
that move it out of the set point of range.
 If deviations from set point range occur, an
afferent signal is sent to the integration or
control center.

58. Nerve receptors
on skin feel cold
Sends info

59. Integration/Control Center
 Integration center receives signal.
 Information is analyzed.
 Efferent signal then travels from the
center to a effector mechanism, where
an action is initiated.

60. Nerve receptors
on skin feel cold.
Sends info
Hypothalamus receive info
Sends instructions

61. Effectors
 Effectors are organs, such as muscles
or glands, that directly influence the
body’s physiology.
 An effector can increase or decrease
temperature, heart rate, blood pressure,
etc.

62. Nerve receptors
on skin feel cold.
Sends info
Temperature
increases.
Muscle reacts by shivering. Hypothalamus receive info
Sends instructions

63. Feedback
 Homeostatic controls can be labeled as
positive or negative.
 Most homeostatic controls are negative.

64. Positive feedback
 Positive feedback mechanisms are
designed to accelerate or enhance the
output created by a stimulus that has
already been activated.
 Ex. Blood clotting increases the amount
of platelets released.

65. Negative Feedback
 Negative feedback mechanism consists of
bringing a system back to its normal range of
functioning.
 Ex. Shivering brings low temperature back up.

66. OUT
 Lab Preparation

67. August 30, 2010-
Homeostasis
 IN
 Objective: Today we will evaluate how exercise
effects the body and determine homeostatic
mechanisms.
 Bell Activity:
 What is an example of a feedback loop (other
then the shivering example).

68. August 31, 2010-
Homeostasis
 Bell activity- Get into groups for lab.
 Grab a lab handout and review it before we
start
 Research paper 2

69. Research Paper
 What is a cytotechnologist?
 Due Friday

70. Homeostasis Lab
Monday August 31st

71. Question:
What homeostatic conditions can be
identified in a body that is exercising?
 Exercise causes many factors of
homeostasis to kick in to maintain internal
equilibrium.
 How exercise affects some of these factors can
be determined by measuring and observing
certain conditions of the human body.

72. Pre Lab Notes
 Work in groups of 4 or 5.
 Roles
 A HEALTHY jump roper (must jump for 8 minutes)
 A Timer
 Someone to record BREATHING RATE (jump can
probably count their own breathes in one minute)
 Someone to record HEART RATE
 Someone to check TEMPERATURE
 Someone to check PERSPIRATION Level (dap paper
towel on forehead and check amount of sweat)
 The rest of the data can be taken with simple observation.

73. How to record data
 Record the resting observations and values of the
person jumping rope using the following:
 skin color of hands and face (pale, pink, red)
 perspiration level (none, mild, medium, high)- Dab
forehead with a paper towel, noting any difference in sweat
left behind.
 external body temperature (place the thermometer under
the subjects arm pit for 1 minute; the thermometer should
be directly against the skin)
 breathing rate (count the number of breaths in 1 minute)
 heart rate (find the pulse at the wrist and count the number
of beats in 1 minute)

74. Procedure
 Make initial observations and measurements of
the subject BEFORE jumping rope while they
are sitting down and resting. Record your
observations on the data table.

75. Procedures continued
 The student jumping should
begin jumping when the
person with the watch gives
the signal and continue
jumping for 2 min.
 After 2 min quickly make
observations and
measurements and record
them on the data table.
REMEMBER to take data for at
least 1 min.

76. Procedures continued
 The student will continue jumping rope at 2
minute intervals until the 8 minute time period
has been completed. After each 2 minute
interval observations and measurements
should be made.
 When the 8 minutes is up, the student
jumping rope will rest for 1 minute. After 1
minute, observations and measurements will
be taken for the final time. Don’t forget to
record the data on the data table.

77. After lab:
 Clean the thermometer with alcohol and return it and
all other lab materials to the designated area.
 Make a separate graph for each of the following:
 Body Temperature at Various Intervals of
Exercise
 Breathing Rate at Various Intervals of Exercise
 Heart Rate at Various Intervals of Exercise
 Answer the questions in the conclusion section to
describe and explain the results of the lab.