SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 21
Improving Library Instruction with the Jigsaw
Classroom




Robert Monge
Instruction
Western Oregon University


E-mail monger@wou.edu
Website: www.wou.edu/~monger
What is a Jigsaw Classroom?
Can you identify the
picture from this
piece of puzzle?
Does this piece
make it any easier
to identify?
What about this
piece?
You can’t see what the picture is until you take all the pieces….
And put them
together
The Jigsaw Instruction
works the same way
Each student becomes an expert in one resource
The Experts
then teach each
other what they
know

And the
research puzzle
becomes clear
Jigsaw Instruction are
   being used in a variety
   of disciplines


David V. Perkins
Renee N. Sarris
(2001)

A “Jigsaw Classroom”
Technique for
Undergraduate Statistics
Courses

Teaching of Psychology
28.2:111-113.
Kemel Doymus
(2008)

Teaching Chemical
Equalibrium with the
Jigsaw Technique

Research in Science
Education. 38.2: 249-
260
Pricilla Y.L. Chan
(2007)

Jigsaw Technique
in International
Fashion Retailing

International Journal
of Learning 13.11:
121-125
Including Library Instruction



Michael Lorenzen
(2003)

Encouraging Community
in Library Instruction: A
Jigsaw Experiment in a
University Library Skills
Classroom.

Illinois Libraries (Online)
85.1: 5-14
5 Minutes – Introduction / Divide students
            into four groups: Wilson Select,
            Proquest, Lexis-Nexis, MD
            Consult

25 Minutes – Fill in worksheet as group to
             learn databases

20 Minutes –Each group selects a
            spokesperson—spokesperson
            has five minutes to demonstrate
            a search using the instructor
            station.
5 minutes: Introduction: Divide students into three
           groups.
           Group 1: Find Books—WorldCat
           Group 2: Academic Search Premier
           Group 3: Proquest
15 minutes: Fill out worksheets as group to
            learn database
5 minutes: Reorganize groups--Each new group
           has at least one member Group 1,
           Group 2, Group 3
25 minutes: Have each member from new group
            teach the other members of the group
            about their database.
Follow up: Post three filled out worksheets to class
           page
How would you do it?
JIGSAW   E-Learning
          Tutorials
Post to CMS / Library Website



Class Tutorials
WorldCat
Academic Search Premier
Proquest Research Library

Library Assignment PDF
Tutorial Review--PDF
References

http://c4lpt.co.uk/Directory/Tools/authoring.html
 Chan, P.Y.L. (2007). Jigsaw technique in international fashion retailing. International
 Journal of Learning 13.11: 121-125

 Clark, R.C. & Mayer, R.E. (2003). e-Learning and the Science of Instruction. San Francisco:
 Pfeiffer.

 Perkins, D.V. & Sarris, R.N. (2001). A “jigsaw classroom”
 technique for undergraduate statistics courses. Teaching of Psychology 28.2:111-113.


 Doymus, K. (2008). Teaching chemical equalibrium with the jigsaw Technique. Research in
 Science Education. 38.2: 249-260


 Lorenzen, M. (2003). Encouraging community in library instruction: A jigsaw experiment
 in a university library skills classroom. Illinois Libraries (Online) 85.1: 5-14

 Mayer, R.E. (2001) Multimedia learning. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Please feel free to contact me if you
  have questions.




Robert Monge
Instruction
Western Oregon University


E-mail monger@wou.edu
Website: www.wou.edu/~monger

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Ähnlich wie Improving library instruction with the jigsaw classroom

Taking Active Learning to the Next Level: Increasing Student Engagement by B...
Taking Active Learning to the Next Level: Increasing Student Engagement by B...Taking Active Learning to the Next Level: Increasing Student Engagement by B...
Taking Active Learning to the Next Level: Increasing Student Engagement by B...Elisa Acosta
 
Taking Active Learning to the Next Level: Increasing Student Engagement by Bl...
Taking Active Learning to the Next Level: Increasing Student Engagement by Bl...Taking Active Learning to the Next Level: Increasing Student Engagement by Bl...
Taking Active Learning to the Next Level: Increasing Student Engagement by Bl...Lindsey McLean
 
Interactive Online Technology Tools to Enhance Learning for English Compositi...
Interactive Online Technology Tools to Enhance Learning for English Compositi...Interactive Online Technology Tools to Enhance Learning for English Compositi...
Interactive Online Technology Tools to Enhance Learning for English Compositi...Tiffany Smith
 
Session02a ICT for Meaningful Learning
Session02a ICT for Meaningful LearningSession02a ICT for Meaningful Learning
Session02a ICT for Meaningful LearningAshley Tan
 
NARST Presentation
NARST PresentationNARST Presentation
NARST Presentationcknaggs
 
Teaching Techniques for Librarians: Making Active Learning Simple
Teaching Techniques for Librarians: Making Active Learning SimpleTeaching Techniques for Librarians: Making Active Learning Simple
Teaching Techniques for Librarians: Making Active Learning Simpleannielibrarian
 
Inquiry for the Inquisitive - Ashley Rolader
Inquiry for the Inquisitive - Ashley RoladerInquiry for the Inquisitive - Ashley Rolader
Inquiry for the Inquisitive - Ashley Roladerroladera
 
Teaching Techniques for Librarians: Making Active Learning Simple
Teaching Techniques for Librarians: Making Active Learning SimpleTeaching Techniques for Librarians: Making Active Learning Simple
Teaching Techniques for Librarians: Making Active Learning Simpleannielibrarian
 
Analysing technology mediated learning in social context
Analysing technology mediated learning in social context Analysing technology mediated learning in social context
Analysing technology mediated learning in social context Michael Paskevicius
 
2015 03-11 Lach at NSELA
2015 03-11 Lach at NSELA2015 03-11 Lach at NSELA
2015 03-11 Lach at NSELAMichael Lach
 
Icthe policy02 cemca_kandy_palitha_edirisingha_6june2014
Icthe policy02 cemca_kandy_palitha_edirisingha_6june2014Icthe policy02 cemca_kandy_palitha_edirisingha_6june2014
Icthe policy02 cemca_kandy_palitha_edirisingha_6june2014Palitha Edirisingha
 
Assessing Argument, Critical Thinking and Information Literacy Learning Outcomes
Assessing Argument, Critical Thinking and Information Literacy Learning OutcomesAssessing Argument, Critical Thinking and Information Literacy Learning Outcomes
Assessing Argument, Critical Thinking and Information Literacy Learning OutcomesElise Wong
 
Get Active! Using Active Learning Activities During First Year Information L...
Get Active! Using Active Learning Activities During First Year Information L...Get Active! Using Active Learning Activities During First Year Information L...
Get Active! Using Active Learning Activities During First Year Information L...Lisa S.
 
Research Activity Lesson Plan
Research Activity Lesson PlanResearch Activity Lesson Plan
Research Activity Lesson PlanSam Landfried
 
Artifact Lesson Plan Grade 2
Artifact Lesson Plan Grade 2Artifact Lesson Plan Grade 2
Artifact Lesson Plan Grade 2Cindy Kerr
 
Using Technology to Foster Exploration and Reflection in Science
Using Technology to Foster Exploration and Reflection in ScienceUsing Technology to Foster Exploration and Reflection in Science
Using Technology to Foster Exploration and Reflection in ScienceLucy Gray
 
E-Learn 2004 - Social Constructivist E-Learning: A Case Study
E-Learn 2004 - Social Constructivist E-Learning: A Case StudyE-Learn 2004 - Social Constructivist E-Learning: A Case Study
E-Learn 2004 - Social Constructivist E-Learning: A Case StudyMichael Barbour
 

Ähnlich wie Improving library instruction with the jigsaw classroom (20)

Taking Active Learning to the Next Level: Increasing Student Engagement by B...
Taking Active Learning to the Next Level: Increasing Student Engagement by B...Taking Active Learning to the Next Level: Increasing Student Engagement by B...
Taking Active Learning to the Next Level: Increasing Student Engagement by B...
 
Taking Active Learning to the Next Level: Increasing Student Engagement by Bl...
Taking Active Learning to the Next Level: Increasing Student Engagement by Bl...Taking Active Learning to the Next Level: Increasing Student Engagement by Bl...
Taking Active Learning to the Next Level: Increasing Student Engagement by Bl...
 
Interactive Online Technology Tools to Enhance Learning for English Compositi...
Interactive Online Technology Tools to Enhance Learning for English Compositi...Interactive Online Technology Tools to Enhance Learning for English Compositi...
Interactive Online Technology Tools to Enhance Learning for English Compositi...
 
GroupFinder
GroupFinderGroupFinder
GroupFinder
 
Colouring outside the lines
Colouring outside the linesColouring outside the lines
Colouring outside the lines
 
Session02a ICT for Meaningful Learning
Session02a ICT for Meaningful LearningSession02a ICT for Meaningful Learning
Session02a ICT for Meaningful Learning
 
NARST Presentation
NARST PresentationNARST Presentation
NARST Presentation
 
Teaching Techniques for Librarians: Making Active Learning Simple
Teaching Techniques for Librarians: Making Active Learning SimpleTeaching Techniques for Librarians: Making Active Learning Simple
Teaching Techniques for Librarians: Making Active Learning Simple
 
Inquiry for the Inquisitive - Ashley Rolader
Inquiry for the Inquisitive - Ashley RoladerInquiry for the Inquisitive - Ashley Rolader
Inquiry for the Inquisitive - Ashley Rolader
 
Teaching Techniques for Librarians: Making Active Learning Simple
Teaching Techniques for Librarians: Making Active Learning SimpleTeaching Techniques for Librarians: Making Active Learning Simple
Teaching Techniques for Librarians: Making Active Learning Simple
 
Analysing technology mediated learning in social context
Analysing technology mediated learning in social context Analysing technology mediated learning in social context
Analysing technology mediated learning in social context
 
Overstreet Emily ARP
Overstreet Emily ARPOverstreet Emily ARP
Overstreet Emily ARP
 
2015 03-11 Lach at NSELA
2015 03-11 Lach at NSELA2015 03-11 Lach at NSELA
2015 03-11 Lach at NSELA
 
Icthe policy02 cemca_kandy_palitha_edirisingha_6june2014
Icthe policy02 cemca_kandy_palitha_edirisingha_6june2014Icthe policy02 cemca_kandy_palitha_edirisingha_6june2014
Icthe policy02 cemca_kandy_palitha_edirisingha_6june2014
 
Assessing Argument, Critical Thinking and Information Literacy Learning Outcomes
Assessing Argument, Critical Thinking and Information Literacy Learning OutcomesAssessing Argument, Critical Thinking and Information Literacy Learning Outcomes
Assessing Argument, Critical Thinking and Information Literacy Learning Outcomes
 
Get Active! Using Active Learning Activities During First Year Information L...
Get Active! Using Active Learning Activities During First Year Information L...Get Active! Using Active Learning Activities During First Year Information L...
Get Active! Using Active Learning Activities During First Year Information L...
 
Research Activity Lesson Plan
Research Activity Lesson PlanResearch Activity Lesson Plan
Research Activity Lesson Plan
 
Artifact Lesson Plan Grade 2
Artifact Lesson Plan Grade 2Artifact Lesson Plan Grade 2
Artifact Lesson Plan Grade 2
 
Using Technology to Foster Exploration and Reflection in Science
Using Technology to Foster Exploration and Reflection in ScienceUsing Technology to Foster Exploration and Reflection in Science
Using Technology to Foster Exploration and Reflection in Science
 
E-Learn 2004 - Social Constructivist E-Learning: A Case Study
E-Learn 2004 - Social Constructivist E-Learning: A Case StudyE-Learn 2004 - Social Constructivist E-Learning: A Case Study
E-Learn 2004 - Social Constructivist E-Learning: A Case Study
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

GRADE 4 - SUMMATIVE TEST QUARTER 4 ALL SUBJECTS
GRADE 4 - SUMMATIVE TEST QUARTER 4 ALL SUBJECTSGRADE 4 - SUMMATIVE TEST QUARTER 4 ALL SUBJECTS
GRADE 4 - SUMMATIVE TEST QUARTER 4 ALL SUBJECTSJoshuaGantuangco2
 
Daily Lesson Plan in Mathematics Quarter 4
Daily Lesson Plan in Mathematics Quarter 4Daily Lesson Plan in Mathematics Quarter 4
Daily Lesson Plan in Mathematics Quarter 4JOYLYNSAMANIEGO
 
Choosing the Right CBSE School A Comprehensive Guide for Parents
Choosing the Right CBSE School A Comprehensive Guide for ParentsChoosing the Right CBSE School A Comprehensive Guide for Parents
Choosing the Right CBSE School A Comprehensive Guide for Parentsnavabharathschool99
 
Active Learning Strategies (in short ALS).pdf
Active Learning Strategies (in short ALS).pdfActive Learning Strategies (in short ALS).pdf
Active Learning Strategies (in short ALS).pdfPatidar M
 
ICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdfICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdfVanessa Camilleri
 
Expanded definition: technical and operational
Expanded definition: technical and operationalExpanded definition: technical and operational
Expanded definition: technical and operationalssuser3e220a
 
THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONTHEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONHumphrey A Beña
 
The Contemporary World: The Globalization of World Politics
The Contemporary World: The Globalization of World PoliticsThe Contemporary World: The Globalization of World Politics
The Contemporary World: The Globalization of World PoliticsRommel Regala
 
Millenials and Fillennials (Ethical Challenge and Responses).pptx
Millenials and Fillennials (Ethical Challenge and Responses).pptxMillenials and Fillennials (Ethical Challenge and Responses).pptx
Millenials and Fillennials (Ethical Challenge and Responses).pptxJanEmmanBrigoli
 
4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx
4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx
4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptxmary850239
 
Q4-PPT-Music9_Lesson-1-Romantic-Opera.pptx
Q4-PPT-Music9_Lesson-1-Romantic-Opera.pptxQ4-PPT-Music9_Lesson-1-Romantic-Opera.pptx
Q4-PPT-Music9_Lesson-1-Romantic-Opera.pptxlancelewisportillo
 
How to do quick user assign in kanban in Odoo 17 ERP
How to do quick user assign in kanban in Odoo 17 ERPHow to do quick user assign in kanban in Odoo 17 ERP
How to do quick user assign in kanban in Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
 
INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptx
INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptxINTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptx
INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptxHumphrey A Beña
 
4.16.24 Poverty and Precarity--Desmond.pptx
4.16.24 Poverty and Precarity--Desmond.pptx4.16.24 Poverty and Precarity--Desmond.pptx
4.16.24 Poverty and Precarity--Desmond.pptxmary850239
 
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 3 STEPS Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 3 STEPS Using Odoo 17Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 3 STEPS Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 3 STEPS Using Odoo 17Celine George
 
Keynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-design
Keynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-designKeynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-design
Keynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-designMIPLM
 
Student Profile Sample - We help schools to connect the data they have, with ...
Student Profile Sample - We help schools to connect the data they have, with ...Student Profile Sample - We help schools to connect the data they have, with ...
Student Profile Sample - We help schools to connect the data they have, with ...Seán Kennedy
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

GRADE 4 - SUMMATIVE TEST QUARTER 4 ALL SUBJECTS
GRADE 4 - SUMMATIVE TEST QUARTER 4 ALL SUBJECTSGRADE 4 - SUMMATIVE TEST QUARTER 4 ALL SUBJECTS
GRADE 4 - SUMMATIVE TEST QUARTER 4 ALL SUBJECTS
 
Daily Lesson Plan in Mathematics Quarter 4
Daily Lesson Plan in Mathematics Quarter 4Daily Lesson Plan in Mathematics Quarter 4
Daily Lesson Plan in Mathematics Quarter 4
 
Choosing the Right CBSE School A Comprehensive Guide for Parents
Choosing the Right CBSE School A Comprehensive Guide for ParentsChoosing the Right CBSE School A Comprehensive Guide for Parents
Choosing the Right CBSE School A Comprehensive Guide for Parents
 
Active Learning Strategies (in short ALS).pdf
Active Learning Strategies (in short ALS).pdfActive Learning Strategies (in short ALS).pdf
Active Learning Strategies (in short ALS).pdf
 
ICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdfICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdf
ICS2208 Lecture6 Notes for SL spaces.pdf
 
Expanded definition: technical and operational
Expanded definition: technical and operationalExpanded definition: technical and operational
Expanded definition: technical and operational
 
THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONTHEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
THEORIES OF ORGANIZATION-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
 
The Contemporary World: The Globalization of World Politics
The Contemporary World: The Globalization of World PoliticsThe Contemporary World: The Globalization of World Politics
The Contemporary World: The Globalization of World Politics
 
Millenials and Fillennials (Ethical Challenge and Responses).pptx
Millenials and Fillennials (Ethical Challenge and Responses).pptxMillenials and Fillennials (Ethical Challenge and Responses).pptx
Millenials and Fillennials (Ethical Challenge and Responses).pptx
 
4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx
4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx
4.16.24 21st Century Movements for Black Lives.pptx
 
Q4-PPT-Music9_Lesson-1-Romantic-Opera.pptx
Q4-PPT-Music9_Lesson-1-Romantic-Opera.pptxQ4-PPT-Music9_Lesson-1-Romantic-Opera.pptx
Q4-PPT-Music9_Lesson-1-Romantic-Opera.pptx
 
How to do quick user assign in kanban in Odoo 17 ERP
How to do quick user assign in kanban in Odoo 17 ERPHow to do quick user assign in kanban in Odoo 17 ERP
How to do quick user assign in kanban in Odoo 17 ERP
 
YOUVE GOT EMAIL_FINALS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
YOUVE GOT EMAIL_FINALS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptxYOUVE GOT EMAIL_FINALS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
YOUVE GOT EMAIL_FINALS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
 
INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptx
INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptxINTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptx
INTRODUCTION TO CATHOLIC CHRISTOLOGY.pptx
 
4.16.24 Poverty and Precarity--Desmond.pptx
4.16.24 Poverty and Precarity--Desmond.pptx4.16.24 Poverty and Precarity--Desmond.pptx
4.16.24 Poverty and Precarity--Desmond.pptx
 
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 3 STEPS Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 3 STEPS Using Odoo 17Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 3 STEPS Using Odoo 17
Incoming and Outgoing Shipments in 3 STEPS Using Odoo 17
 
LEFT_ON_C'N_ PRELIMS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
LEFT_ON_C'N_ PRELIMS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptxLEFT_ON_C'N_ PRELIMS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
LEFT_ON_C'N_ PRELIMS_EL_DORADO_2024.pptx
 
Paradigm shift in nursing research by RS MEHTA
Paradigm shift in nursing research by RS MEHTAParadigm shift in nursing research by RS MEHTA
Paradigm shift in nursing research by RS MEHTA
 
Keynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-design
Keynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-designKeynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-design
Keynote by Prof. Wurzer at Nordex about IP-design
 
Student Profile Sample - We help schools to connect the data they have, with ...
Student Profile Sample - We help schools to connect the data they have, with ...Student Profile Sample - We help schools to connect the data they have, with ...
Student Profile Sample - We help schools to connect the data they have, with ...
 

Improving library instruction with the jigsaw classroom

  • 1. Improving Library Instruction with the Jigsaw Classroom Robert Monge Instruction Western Oregon University E-mail monger@wou.edu Website: www.wou.edu/~monger
  • 2. What is a Jigsaw Classroom?
  • 3. Can you identify the picture from this piece of puzzle?
  • 4. Does this piece make it any easier to identify?
  • 6. You can’t see what the picture is until you take all the pieces….
  • 9. Each student becomes an expert in one resource
  • 10. The Experts then teach each other what they know And the research puzzle becomes clear
  • 11. Jigsaw Instruction are being used in a variety of disciplines David V. Perkins Renee N. Sarris (2001) A “Jigsaw Classroom” Technique for Undergraduate Statistics Courses Teaching of Psychology 28.2:111-113.
  • 12. Kemel Doymus (2008) Teaching Chemical Equalibrium with the Jigsaw Technique Research in Science Education. 38.2: 249- 260
  • 13. Pricilla Y.L. Chan (2007) Jigsaw Technique in International Fashion Retailing International Journal of Learning 13.11: 121-125
  • 14. Including Library Instruction Michael Lorenzen (2003) Encouraging Community in Library Instruction: A Jigsaw Experiment in a University Library Skills Classroom. Illinois Libraries (Online) 85.1: 5-14
  • 15. 5 Minutes – Introduction / Divide students into four groups: Wilson Select, Proquest, Lexis-Nexis, MD Consult 25 Minutes – Fill in worksheet as group to learn databases 20 Minutes –Each group selects a spokesperson—spokesperson has five minutes to demonstrate a search using the instructor station.
  • 16. 5 minutes: Introduction: Divide students into three groups. Group 1: Find Books—WorldCat Group 2: Academic Search Premier Group 3: Proquest 15 minutes: Fill out worksheets as group to learn database 5 minutes: Reorganize groups--Each new group has at least one member Group 1, Group 2, Group 3 25 minutes: Have each member from new group teach the other members of the group about their database. Follow up: Post three filled out worksheets to class page
  • 17. How would you do it?
  • 18. JIGSAW E-Learning Tutorials
  • 19. Post to CMS / Library Website Class Tutorials WorldCat Academic Search Premier Proquest Research Library Library Assignment PDF Tutorial Review--PDF
  • 20. References http://c4lpt.co.uk/Directory/Tools/authoring.html Chan, P.Y.L. (2007). Jigsaw technique in international fashion retailing. International Journal of Learning 13.11: 121-125 Clark, R.C. & Mayer, R.E. (2003). e-Learning and the Science of Instruction. San Francisco: Pfeiffer. Perkins, D.V. & Sarris, R.N. (2001). A “jigsaw classroom” technique for undergraduate statistics courses. Teaching of Psychology 28.2:111-113. Doymus, K. (2008). Teaching chemical equalibrium with the jigsaw Technique. Research in Science Education. 38.2: 249-260 Lorenzen, M. (2003). Encouraging community in library instruction: A jigsaw experiment in a university library skills classroom. Illinois Libraries (Online) 85.1: 5-14 Mayer, R.E. (2001) Multimedia learning. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • 21. Please feel free to contact me if you have questions. Robert Monge Instruction Western Oregon University E-mail monger@wou.edu Website: www.wou.edu/~monger