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Name	
  of	
  Module:	
  ENGLISH	
  2	
  (ELG30605)	
  
	
  
Report	
  Title	
  :	
  A	
  Tale	
  Of	
  Two	
  Businesses	
  –	
  A	
  Comparative	
  
Analysis	
  Of	
  2	
  Businesses	
  Of	
  Similar	
  Industry	
  In	
  Different	
  
Geographical	
  Location	
  	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
Group	
  Members	
  :	
  	
  
Amanda	
  Chiong	
  	
   (0320328)	
  
Bridget	
  Hsu	
  	
   	
   (0320218)	
  
Chau	
  Xet	
  Nee	
  	
  	
   (0320222)	
  
Foo	
  Zhi	
  Fung	
  	
  	
   (0320226)	
  
Le	
  Jia	
  Nian	
  	
   	
   (0319957)	
  
Marco	
  Leong	
  	
  	
   (0320026)	
  
Ngo	
  Jia	
  Haur	
  	
   	
   (0320144)	
  
Wong	
  De-­‐Vin	
  	
  	
   (0319814)	
  
	
  
2	
  
	
  
Table	
  of	
  Content	
  	
  
	
  
	
  
	
   	
  
Content	
  
	
  
	
  
Page	
  
Cover	
  Page	
  	
  
	
  
	
  
	
   	
  
	
  
1	
  
Table	
  Content	
  	
   	
  
2	
  
History	
  of	
  Dried	
  Meat	
   	
  
3	
  
Key	
  Summary	
  	
   	
  
4	
  
Brief	
  Bio	
  Of	
  Businesses	
  	
   	
  
5-­‐8	
  
Comparative	
  Analysis	
  Of	
  Business	
  Competitive	
  Traits	
  	
   	
  
9-­‐15	
  
Recommendation	
  	
   	
  
15-­‐16	
  
Appendices	
  	
   	
  
17-­‐29	
  
References	
  	
   	
  
30	
  
	
  
3	
  
	
  
History	
  of	
  Dried	
  Meat	
  
	
  
Dried	
  meat	
  is	
  also	
  known	
  as	
  Bakkwa	
  or	
  Rougan	
  in	
  mandarin	
  are	
  
sweetened	
  barbecued	
  dried	
  meat	
  slices	
  that	
  is	
  similar	
  to	
  jerkeys.	
  This	
  
product	
  and	
  the	
  way	
  of	
  cooking	
  it	
  is	
  originated	
  from	
  mainland	
  China	
  in	
  a	
  
province	
  named	
  Fujian	
  and	
  it	
  is	
  considered	
  as	
  a	
  Hokkien	
  delicacy.	
  
This	
   type	
   of	
   dried	
   meat	
   is	
   actually	
   preserved	
   and	
   prepared	
   with	
   a	
  
special	
  technique	
  originated	
  from	
  China.	
  Although	
  this	
  product	
  has	
  been	
  
on	
  the	
  market	
  for	
  centuries,	
  the	
  method	
  for	
  production	
  have	
  remained	
  
the	
   same	
   until	
   today.	
   The	
   Bakkwa	
   is	
   often	
   made	
   with	
   beef,	
   pork	
   or	
  
chicken,	
  which	
  are	
  prepared	
  with	
  spices,	
  sugar,	
  salt	
  and	
  soy	
  sauce	
  and	
  
then	
  dried	
  on	
  racks	
  at	
  around	
  50	
  to	
  60	
  degree	
  Celsius.	
  
	
  
Today,	
  there	
  are	
  slight	
  changes	
  to	
  the	
  product	
  like	
  softer	
  texture,	
  lighter	
  
colour	
   and	
   also	
   less	
   sugar.	
   The	
   bakkwa	
   products	
   that	
   are	
   sold	
   in	
   the	
  
market	
  nowadays	
  have	
  higher	
  water	
  content	
  that	
  cause	
  it	
  to	
  have	
  softer	
  
texture	
   and	
   less	
   sugar	
   are	
   used	
   in	
   them	
   as	
   well	
   due	
   to	
   the	
   health	
  
concerned	
   of	
   the	
   society	
   these	
   days.	
   Even	
   though	
   there	
   are	
   changes	
  
made	
   throughout	
   the	
   years,	
   they	
   still	
   do	
   have	
   similar	
   shelf	
   life	
   as	
   the	
  
ones	
   before.	
   The	
   meat	
   nowadays	
   has	
   also	
   been	
   modified	
   and	
   most	
  
commonly	
  served	
  in	
  square-­‐shaped	
  slices	
  in	
  the	
  form	
  of	
  flat	
  thin	
  sheets.	
  
	
  
Bakkwa	
  is	
  extremely	
  famous	
  in	
  South	
  East	
  Asia	
  especially	
  in	
  Singapore	
  
and	
   Malaysia	
   where	
   most	
   eaten	
   during	
   Chinese	
   New	
   Year.	
   When	
   the	
  
Chinese	
   immigrant	
   brought	
   this	
   delicacy	
   over	
   to	
   South	
   East	
   Asia,	
   the	
  
way	
  of	
  preparing	
  and	
  cooking	
  it	
  has	
  slightly	
  changed.	
  The	
  most	
  notable	
  
changed	
  would	
  the	
  the	
  preparation	
  of	
  Bakkwa.	
  The	
  meat	
  was	
  once	
  still	
  
air-­‐dried	
  and	
  now	
  they	
  grill	
  them	
  over	
  charcoal	
  instead.	
  This	
  also	
  gives	
  
a	
  smokier	
  flavour	
  to	
  the	
  meat.	
  The	
  Singaporeans	
  and	
  Malaysian	
  versions	
  
of	
  Bakkwa	
  are	
  also	
  slightly	
  different	
  than	
  the	
  ones	
  in	
  mainland	
  China	
  
due	
  to	
  the	
  variations	
  adapted	
  to	
  suit	
  the	
  locals	
  such	
  as	
  Satay	
  Flavoured	
  
Bakkwa.	
   	
  
4	
  
	
  
Key	
  Summary	
  
	
  
	
  
This	
  assignment	
  aims	
  to	
  conduct	
  a	
  comparative	
  analysis	
  between	
  two	
  
businesses	
  of	
  similar	
  industry	
  but	
  the	
  different	
  geographical	
  locations,	
  
where	
  are	
  Tuck	
  Kee	
  Dried	
  Meat	
  &	
  Meat	
  Floss	
  in	
  Pulau	
  Penang	
  and	
  the	
  
another	
  one	
  is	
  Oloiya	
  Dried	
  Meat	
  in	
  Klang	
  Valley.	
  For	
  this	
  assignment,	
  
we	
  had	
  chosen	
  two	
  Dried	
  Meat	
  shops	
  in	
  food	
  industry	
  to	
  carry	
  out	
  face-­‐
to-­‐face	
  interview	
  to	
  obtain	
  the	
  businesses’	
  information	
  and	
  compare	
  the	
  
businesses’	
   competitive	
   traits	
   such	
   as	
   number	
   of	
   competitors,	
   main	
  
products	
   or	
   services	
   sold,	
   market	
   share	
   of	
   the	
   businesses,	
   nature	
   of	
  
markets	
  and	
  others.	
  Dried	
  Meat	
  is	
  a	
  type	
  of	
  meals	
  snack	
  that	
  is	
  popular	
  
among	
  people	
  with	
  different	
  ages	
  mostly	
  in	
  Chinese	
  community.	
  After	
  
analysis	
   all	
   the	
   information	
   obtained,	
   we	
   concluded	
   that	
   Oloiya	
   Dried	
  
Meat	
   had	
   a	
   higher	
   popularity	
   as	
   it	
   boasts	
   many	
   outlets	
   nationwide	
   in	
  
Malaysia	
  but	
  Tuck	
  Kee	
  Dried	
  Meat	
  &	
  Meat	
  Floss	
  not	
  so	
  popular	
  in	
  the	
  
market.	
  Both	
  of	
  them	
  shares	
  a	
  common	
  similarities	
  which	
  they	
  provide	
  
export	
  services	
  internationally.	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
5	
  
	
  
Brief	
  Bio	
  of	
  the	
  Businesses	
  	
  
	
  
	
  
Tuck	
  Kee	
  Dried	
  Meat	
  
	
  
1. The	
   dried	
   meat	
   business	
   was	
   interviewed	
   in	
   Penang	
   -­‐	
   ‘Tuck	
  
Kee	
  Dried	
  Meat’.	
  This	
  business	
  was	
  founded	
  in	
  1980an	
  and	
  the	
  
name	
  of	
  the	
  founder	
  is	
  Chong	
  Man	
  Tuck	
  at	
  the	
  age	
  of	
  27.	
  ‘Tuck	
  
Kee	
  Dried	
  Meat’	
  is	
  named	
  due	
  to	
  the	
  founder’s	
  name	
  is	
  related	
  
and	
   also	
   a	
   remembering	
   on	
   his	
   effort	
   on	
   the	
   dried	
   meat	
  
business.	
  
	
  
2. The	
   current	
   location	
   is	
   strategically	
   located	
   in	
   the	
   famous	
  
tourist	
   spot	
   in	
   Penang	
   Road,	
   Georgetown.	
   There	
   is	
   a	
   well-­‐
known	
   chendul	
   stall	
   named	
   Teowchew	
   Chendul.	
   With	
   the	
  
corporation	
  of	
  both	
  of	
  their	
  famous	
  business,	
  Penang	
  Road	
  had	
  
been	
  a	
  must	
  for	
  tourist	
  and	
  local	
  to	
  visit	
  if	
  they	
  have	
  their	
  foot	
  
in	
  Penang.	
  
	
  
3. Before	
   the	
   first	
   outlet	
   debuted,	
   the	
   founder	
   is	
   just	
   pushing	
   a	
  
cart	
  selling	
  dried	
  meat	
  in	
  every	
  place	
  in	
  Georgetown.	
  Later	
  on,	
  
the	
  Mr.	
  Chong	
  gained	
  his	
  first	
  capital	
  to	
  buy	
  a	
  shop	
  and	
  roots	
  in	
  
Penang	
  Road	
  to	
  run	
  his	
  business	
  together	
  with	
  10	
  numbers	
  of	
  
employees.	
  
4. For	
   sure,	
   the	
   main	
   product	
   is	
   dried	
   meat	
   but	
   Mr.	
   Chong	
   has	
  
also	
  doing	
  services	
  like	
  exporting	
  his	
  dried	
  meat	
  oversea	
  and	
  
retail	
  &	
  wholesale.	
  Besides,	
  Mr	
  Chong	
  is	
  also	
  selling	
  bird	
  nest	
  
and	
  tea	
  leaves	
  as	
  his	
  side	
  income.	
  
	
  
5. During	
   the	
   15	
   minutes	
   interview,	
   we	
   saw	
   there	
   are	
   3	
  
customers	
  came	
  into	
  the	
  shop	
  to	
  buy	
  dried	
  meat.	
  Mr	
  Chong	
  run	
  
his	
   business	
   at	
   about	
   12	
   hours	
   a	
   day.	
   With	
   our	
   estimation,	
  
there	
  are	
  about	
  150	
  customers	
  visited	
  him	
  in	
  a	
  day.	
  
	
  
6	
  
	
  
6. It	
  was	
  founded	
  because	
  in	
  the	
  beginning	
  after	
  he	
  married	
  his	
  
wife,	
  he	
  was	
  a	
  fruit	
  man	
  selling	
  fruit	
  on	
  a	
  push	
  cart	
  	
  soon	
  he	
  
realize	
   that	
   not	
   much	
   profit	
   he	
   can	
   make	
   to	
   feed	
   the	
   family	
  
from	
  selling	
  fruit.	
  He	
  soon	
  got	
  his	
  motive	
  and	
  discover	
  how	
  to	
  
make	
   dried	
   meat	
   because	
  dried	
   meat	
   are	
   popular	
   among	
   the	
  
Chinese	
  community	
  in	
  all	
  ages	
  and	
  start	
  selling	
  a	
  little	
  amount	
  
of	
  dried	
  meat	
  on	
  a	
  push	
  cart.	
  Through	
  this	
  dried	
  meat	
  business,	
  
he	
   makes	
   a	
   lot	
   of	
   profit	
   and	
   decided	
   to	
   open	
   a	
   shop	
   lot.	
   He	
  
passes	
  his	
  recipe	
  to	
  his	
  son	
  and	
  his	
  daughter.	
  He	
  is	
  no	
  longer	
  
operating	
   the	
   business	
   as	
   his	
   children	
   hold	
   all	
   his	
   business	
  
right	
  now.	
  
	
  
7. In	
  recent	
  time,	
  the	
  business	
  has	
  used	
  their	
  revenue	
  to	
  improve	
  
his	
  product	
  improving	
  the	
  taste	
  of	
  the	
  meat	
  and	
  make	
  it	
  better	
  
packaging.	
  Besides,	
  they	
  are	
  using	
  their	
  revenue	
  to	
  invent	
  new	
  
taste	
   of	
   the	
   dried	
   meat	
   using	
   different	
   type	
   of	
   meat.	
  The	
  
business	
   revenue	
   gain	
   thought	
   their	
   development	
   is	
   current	
  
RM50,	
  000	
  per	
  month	
  where	
  they	
  start	
  business	
  with	
  capital	
  
around	
  RM100	
  in	
  the	
  earlier	
  year.	
  	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
7	
  
	
  
Brief	
  Bio	
  of	
  the	
  Business	
  
Oloiya	
  
1. In	
   1970an,	
   the	
   founder	
   –	
   Khue	
   Chow	
   Kong	
   (grandfather	
   of	
  
Raymond	
  Khue)	
  ventured	
  into	
  making	
  orange	
  juice.	
  He	
  had	
  a	
  
Taiwanese	
  friend	
  who	
  willing	
  to	
  exchange	
  his	
  recipe	
  of	
  making	
  
dried	
   meat	
   with	
   him	
   who	
   always	
   visit	
   him	
   when	
   he	
   reached	
  
Malaysia.	
  When	
  he	
  met	
  Mr.	
  Khue,	
  he	
  would	
  shout	
  at	
  him	
  and	
  
said	
   ‘Oloiya’	
   which	
   is	
   a	
   Hakka	
   language	
   which	
   mean	
   ‘Here	
   I	
  
Come’.	
  Hence,	
  a	
  huge	
  business	
  is	
  start	
  up	
  by	
  using	
  the	
  name	
  –	
  
‘Oloiya’	
  
	
  
2. The	
  original	
  Chinatown	
  centred	
  on	
  Petaling	
  Street.	
  The	
  street	
  
was	
  popular	
  as	
  it	
  was	
  higher	
  than	
  the	
  rest	
  of	
  the	
  town	
  and	
  was	
  
therefore	
   less	
   prone	
   to	
   floods,	
   and	
   the	
   wealthier	
   population	
  
were	
  inclined	
  to	
  build	
  their	
  shop	
  and	
  houses	
  here.	
  Due	
  to	
  all	
  of	
  
the	
   reason,	
   Mr	
   Khue	
   took	
   this	
   opportunity	
   and	
   start	
   his	
  
business	
   selling	
   dried	
   meat	
   close	
   to	
   the	
   Petaling	
   Street.	
   The	
  
men	
   were	
   mainly	
  Cantonese	
  and	
  Hakkas	
  from	
   China	
   who	
   had	
  
come	
   to	
   the	
   city	
   because	
   of	
   the	
   tin	
   trade.	
   Thus,	
   this	
   would	
  
made	
  Mr	
  Khue	
  dried	
  meat	
  business	
  enlarged	
  as	
  people	
  around	
  
would	
  buy	
  dried	
  meat	
  before	
  they	
  sail	
  back	
  to	
  their	
  country.	
  
Besides,	
   the	
   worker	
   that	
   working	
   as	
  coolies	
  in	
   the	
   mines	
   will	
  
also	
  bought	
  dried	
  meat	
  as	
  snacks.	
  	
  
	
  
3. In	
  1975,	
  there	
  were	
  only	
  1	
  outlet	
  which	
  was	
  located	
  in	
  Petaling	
  
Street	
  and	
  still	
  the	
  founder	
  was	
  operating	
  it.	
  Until	
  2010,	
  there	
  
were	
  36	
  outlet	
  all	
  over	
  Malaysia.	
  Raymond	
  Khue	
  very	
  honestly	
  
said	
  that	
  the	
  number	
  of	
  roadside	
  stalls	
  has	
  decreased	
  while	
  the	
  
number	
   of	
   outlets	
   in	
   malls	
   and	
   shoplots	
   continue	
   to	
   grow.	
  
Raymond Khue also said that there were approximately 100
employees all over the company include factories, offices, agent
and salesman. Mr Khue is now passed away, his grandson now is
inheriting his huge business.
8	
  
	
  
4. They are variety of product been sold in every branches and
franchises of ‘Oloiya’ such as savoury minced chicken dried meat,
gold coin ham & chicken dried meat, chicken and pork floss,
minced pork dried meat, lovely heart dried meat, bacon slice, chili
pork dried meat and hakka-style beef dried meat and duck dried
meat is also available. Raymond told us that the bestselling product
is the traditional dried meat – savoury minced chicken dried meat.
Those products usually for the purpose of gift and as a hamper for
others. Dried meat also as a snacks for foreign.
5. As the interview held in the office, we could not estimate the real
number of customers but we also asked this question to Raymond,
he said there are approximately 500 customers visited to the shop
and there are mosty local to visit them as only local who know the
dried meat brand – ‘Oloiya’.
6. In 1970, the couple opened their first stall in Chinatown. In those
days, pork was used to make dried meat and the couple soon
realised that the sliced dried meat was not suitable for the elderly
and young as it was rather difficult to chew. Mr Khue started the
first of many innovations in the dried meat industry. He created
minced chicken dried meat and went on to introduce minced pork
and duck delicacies. This is not meant that it was more palatable
for the young and elderly, it also gave their customers more variety
on buying dried meat.
7. Their recent development have plans in the pipeline to expend the
business globally. In addition to focussing on countries that have a
significant non-halal countries such as Thailand, China, Vietnam,
Singapore and so on. But the first step to go into global business is
to export and open branch in Thailand. Besides, they also plan to
list their company in Bursa Malaysia but there are many obstacles
blocking them to the way through.
	
  
	
  
9	
  
	
  
Comparative	
  Analysis	
  of	
  Business	
  	
  
Competitive	
  Traits	
  
	
  
1. In	
   Penang,	
   dried	
   meat	
   shop	
   there	
   are	
   at	
   least	
   8	
   competitors	
  
specifically	
  in	
  George	
  town	
  ;	
  There	
  is	
  an	
  large	
  number	
  of	
  dried	
  
meat	
   shop	
   in	
   Klang	
   valley	
   counting	
   more	
   than	
   50	
   firm	
   .	
  
Specifically	
  in	
  Petaling	
  Street,	
  there	
  are	
  at	
  least	
  10	
  firms.	
  
	
  
2. In	
   Penang	
   ,	
   Teic	
   Kee	
   share	
   is	
   small	
   and	
   its	
   top	
   competitor	
   in	
  
market	
  would	
  be	
  Loong	
  Kee	
  ,	
  Oloiya	
  ,	
  Bak	
  Kueh	
  Eng	
  ;	
  in	
  Klang	
  
Valley	
   Oloiya	
   share	
   is	
   big	
   in	
   the	
   market	
   ,	
   its	
   top	
   competitors	
  
would	
  be	
  Bee	
  Cheng	
  Hiang,	
  Wing	
  Heong,	
  Loong	
  Kee	
  .	
  
	
  
	
  
3. TUCK	
  KEE	
  
	
  
a) Loong	
  Kee	
  Dried	
  Meat	
  founded	
  in	
  1976	
  and	
  has	
  been	
  a	
  
name	
  in	
  this	
  industry	
  for	
  almost	
  40	
  years.	
  Loong	
  Kee	
  is	
  
famous	
   for	
   festive	
   favorites	
   such	
   as	
   dried	
   meat	
   ,	
   meat	
  
floss,	
  meat	
  fluff,	
  mooncakes	
  as	
  well	
  as	
  feel-­‐good	
  all-­‐year-­‐	
  
round	
   treats	
   such	
   as	
   cookies	
   and	
   pastries.	
   There	
   are	
  
currently	
   21	
   Loong	
   Kee	
   branches	
   nationwide	
   and	
   3	
   of	
  
them	
   located	
   in	
   Penang,	
   one	
   in	
   Ayer	
   Itam,	
   one	
   in	
  
Butterworth	
  and	
  one	
  in	
  Gurney	
  Plaza.	
  Loong	
  Kee	
  is	
  also	
  
an	
   active	
   participant	
   of	
   food	
   fairs,	
   food	
   exhibitions	
   and	
  
festive	
  events.	
  The	
  presence	
  of	
  Loong	
  Kee	
  is	
  definitely	
  an	
  
influence	
  to	
  Tuck	
  Kee	
  as	
  they	
  many	
  varieties	
  of	
  not	
  only	
  
dried	
  meat	
  but	
  also	
  pastries.	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
10	
  
	
  
b) Oloiya	
  is	
  one	
  of	
  the	
  dominant	
  company	
  in	
  this	
  industry	
  
since	
   the	
   early	
   70s	
   and	
   has	
   never	
   fail	
   to	
   impress	
   their	
  
customers	
   in	
   the	
   sense	
   of	
   not	
   only	
   the	
   quality	
   of	
   their	
  
product	
   but	
   also	
   the	
   price	
   and	
   the	
   service	
   they	
   have	
  
provided.	
   Although	
   there	
   are	
   only	
   2	
   outlets	
   in	
   Penang,	
  
which	
  is	
  one	
  in	
  Penang	
  Island	
  and	
  Butterworth,	
  they	
  are	
  
never	
   any	
   worse	
   than	
   their	
   competitors	
   due	
   to	
   their	
  
popularity	
   and	
   quality	
   they	
   have	
   provided	
   to	
   their	
  
customers.	
   Their	
   main	
   product	
   would	
   be	
   chicken	
   dried	
  
meat	
   and	
   that	
   is	
   also	
   their	
   best	
   seller	
   because	
   they	
   are	
  
the	
   first	
   shop	
   in	
   Malaysia	
   to	
   actually	
   sell	
   chicken	
   dried	
  
meat.	
   They	
   also	
   have	
   a	
   huge	
   variety	
   of	
   dried	
   meat	
   and	
  
pastries	
  that	
  makes	
  them	
  one	
  of	
  the	
  best	
  dried	
  meat	
  store	
  
in	
  Malaysia.	
  Oloiya	
  has	
  been	
  on	
  the	
  top	
  list	
  in	
  this	
  field	
  for	
  
decades	
  and	
  it	
  is	
  a	
  huge	
  competitor	
  for	
  Tuck	
  Kee.	
  	
  
	
  
	
  
c) Bak	
  Kueh	
  Eng	
  is	
  not	
  a	
  chain	
  nor	
  a	
  franchise	
  like	
  Loong	
  
Kee	
  or	
  Oloiya.	
  It	
  is	
  a	
  small	
  shop	
  just	
  like	
  Tuck	
  Kee	
  and	
  
they	
  grill	
  their	
  dried	
  meat	
  not	
  like	
  the	
  big	
  chain’s	
  where	
  
they	
  have	
  factory	
  but	
  in	
  their	
  own	
  shop.	
  The	
  location	
  of	
  
this	
  shop	
  is	
  in	
  Lebuh	
  Cecil,	
  Georgetown.	
  The	
  product	
  they	
  
are	
  selling	
  are	
  more	
  or	
  less	
  the	
  same	
  like	
  Tuck	
  Kee	
  except	
  
they	
  also	
  sell	
  Roasted	
  Pork	
  which	
  give	
  them	
  a	
  huge	
  boost	
  
to	
  their	
  business.	
  Although	
  it	
  is	
  just	
  a	
  small	
  business,	
  it	
  is	
  
also	
  a	
  competitor	
  to	
  Tuck	
  Kee	
  due	
  to	
  the	
  loyal	
  customers	
  
they	
  have	
  and	
  also	
  the	
  quality	
  they	
  give	
  to	
  them.	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
11	
  
	
  
OLOIYA	
  
	
  
a) Bee	
   Cheng	
   Hiang	
   is	
   a	
   well	
   known	
   or	
   arguably	
   the	
   biggest	
  
dried	
   meat	
   chain	
   originated	
   from	
   Singapore	
   and	
   it	
   has	
   many	
  
branches	
   all	
   around	
   Asia	
   including	
   Korea	
   ,	
   China	
   ,	
   Malaysia	
   ,	
  
Macau	
  ,	
  Thailand	
  ,Philippines	
  ,	
  Indonesia	
  ,	
  Taiwan	
  ,	
  Hong	
  Kong	
  
and	
  of	
  course	
  Singapore.	
  This	
  dried	
  meat	
  store	
  start	
  since	
  the	
  
1930’s	
   and	
   has	
   been	
   tremendously	
   famous	
   ever	
   since.	
   Bee	
  
Cheng	
  Hiang	
  has	
  existed	
  for	
  almost	
  90	
  years	
  and	
  not	
  only	
  they	
  
are	
  maintaining	
  what	
  they	
  already	
  provide	
  but	
  also	
  expand	
  and	
  
grow	
   their	
   business	
   in	
   very	
   well.The	
   main	
   products	
   that	
   are	
  
keeping	
  this	
  business	
  growing	
  is	
  their	
  dried	
  meat,	
  meat	
  floss	
  ,	
  
chinese	
   sausages	
   ,	
   mooncakes	
   and	
   some	
   snack	
   like	
   grilled	
  
cuttlefish.	
  It	
  currently	
  has	
  more	
  than	
  200	
  stores	
  in	
  the	
  world	
  
and	
   still	
   growing.	
   A	
   business	
   like	
   Bee	
   Cheng	
   Hiang	
   is	
   truly	
   a	
  
huge	
  competitor	
  to	
  Oloiya	
  as	
  they	
  are	
  recognized	
  worldwide.	
  
Oloiya’s	
   director	
   even	
   mentioned	
   that	
   Bee	
   Cheng	
   Hiang	
   is	
   a	
  
company	
  that	
  he	
  truly	
  admire	
  by	
  their	
  way	
  of	
  organising	
  their	
  
business	
  and	
  how	
  they	
  grow	
  it.	
  Even	
  their	
  price	
  is	
  expensive	
  
but	
  there	
  are	
  also	
  customers	
  that	
  are	
  willing	
  to	
  pay	
  the	
  price	
  
for	
  what	
  they’re	
  getting	
  in	
  Bee	
  Cheng	
  Hiang.	
  
	
  
b) Wing	
  Heong	
  is	
  a	
  dry	
  meat	
  chain	
  that	
  has	
  6	
  stores	
  all	
  located	
  in	
  
Klang	
  Valley.	
  Wing	
  Heong	
  is	
  founded	
  in	
  the	
  early	
  1970’s	
  and	
  
has	
  expanded	
  to	
  6	
  stores	
  	
  from	
  then.	
  The	
  main	
  products	
  they	
  
are	
  selling	
  is	
  chicken	
  ,	
  beef	
  and	
  pork	
  dried	
  meat.	
  Although	
  it	
  is	
  
not	
  a	
  very	
  big	
  chain,	
  it	
  is	
  also	
  a	
  competitor	
  to	
  Oloiya	
  due	
  to	
  the	
  
loyal	
  customers	
  Wing	
  Heong	
  has	
  already	
  attracted	
  throughout	
  
the	
  years.	
  	
  	
  
	
  
c) 	
  Loong	
  Kee	
  is	
  one	
  of	
  the	
  main	
  competitors	
  to	
  Oloiya	
  due	
  to	
  the	
  
size	
   of	
   their	
   business	
   they	
   have	
   expanded	
   throughout	
   the	
  
years.	
  It	
  has	
  been	
  founded	
  for	
  almost	
  40	
  years	
  and	
  has	
  already	
  
been	
  a	
  competitor	
  to	
  Oloiya	
  since	
  Oloiya	
  is	
  founded.	
  Although	
  
they	
  have	
  been	
  around	
  for	
  awhile	
  and	
  selling	
  almost	
  the	
  same	
  
product	
  for	
  many	
  many	
  years	
  but	
  they	
  have	
  their	
  own	
  unique	
  
way	
   of	
   attracting	
   customers.	
   Even	
   though	
   they	
   are	
   strong	
  
12	
  
	
  
competitors	
  Oloiya’s	
  director	
  did	
  mention	
  that	
  they	
  compete	
  in	
  
a	
   fair	
   manner	
   and	
   they	
   have	
   never	
   sabotage	
   each	
   other	
   in	
  
anyway.	
  	
  	
  	
  
	
  
	
  
4. TUCK	
  KEE	
  
-­‐ Mr.	
  Chong	
  claim	
  that	
  he	
  lower	
  the	
  price	
  of	
  his	
  dried	
  meat	
  to	
  
compete	
  with	
  his	
  competitors.	
  	
  
-­‐ Mr.	
   Chong	
   encourages	
   his	
   employees	
   to	
   spent	
   time	
   with	
  
their	
  customer	
  to	
  receive	
  feedback	
  for	
  them	
  to	
  reflect	
  and	
  
make	
   their	
   product	
   better.	
   Besides	
   getting	
   face	
   to	
   face	
  
feedback,	
   he	
   also	
   get	
   feedback	
   from	
   social	
   media	
   example	
  
like	
  Facebook.	
  	
  
-­‐ Mr.	
   Chong	
   will	
   have	
   annual	
   meeting	
   with	
   his	
   employee	
   to	
  
create	
  new	
  dried	
  meat	
  flavor	
  or	
  other	
  related	
  product	
  and	
  
promote	
  their	
  new	
  product	
  on	
  social	
  media.	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  OLOIYA	
  	
  
-­‐ New	
  product	
  are	
  produce	
  every	
  year	
  or	
  on	
  special	
  event	
  like	
  
Mother’s	
  Day,	
  Chinese	
  New	
  Year	
  and	
  etc.	
  	
  
-­‐ Oloiya	
  is	
  the	
  first	
  dried	
  meat	
  shop	
  that	
  use	
  chicken	
  to	
  make	
  
dried	
  meat	
  this	
  make	
  Oloiya	
  very	
  special.	
  	
  
-­‐ Marketing	
  department	
  of	
  Oloiya	
  also	
  promote	
  themselves	
  in	
  
social	
  page	
  like	
  Groupon,	
  Facebook	
  and	
  etc.	
  	
  
	
  
5. To	
   enter	
   the	
   dried	
   meat	
   market	
   according	
   to	
   both	
   of	
   the	
  
interviewee	
  back	
  in	
  the	
  80s	
  is	
  easy	
  as	
  long	
  as	
  you	
  have	
  money	
  
you	
  can	
  start	
  a	
  dried	
  meat	
  shop	
  but	
  these	
  day	
  you	
  need	
  to	
  have	
  
large	
  amount	
  of	
  capital.	
  One	
  of	
  the	
  obstacle	
  being	
  point	
  out	
  from	
  
the	
   Executive	
   Director	
   form	
   Oloiya	
   is	
   strict	
   qualification	
   from	
  
the	
  government	
  for	
  new	
  businesses	
  to	
  enter	
  the	
  market.	
  Besides	
  
strict	
  qualification,	
  nowadays	
  is	
  not	
  easy	
  to	
  make	
  bank	
  loan	
  as	
  
bank	
  required	
  high	
  requirement	
  to	
  give	
  bank	
  loan.	
  	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
13	
  
	
  
6. Nature	
  of	
  the	
  market	
  
	
  
	
  
-­‐	
  Tuck	
   Kee	
  Dried	
  Meat	
  &	
  Meat	
  Floss	
  is	
  an	
  oligopoly	
  market,	
  which	
  is	
  
dominated	
  by	
  a	
  few	
  sellers.	
  Tuck	
  Kee	
  is	
  protected	
  by	
  strong	
  barriers	
  to	
  
entry	
  as	
  it	
  resembles	
  a	
  significant	
  role	
  in	
  the	
  market	
  and	
  it	
  has	
  a	
  wide	
  
source	
   of	
   customers	
   that	
   mostly	
   emphasis	
   in	
   the	
   original	
   customers.	
  
Tuck	
  Kee	
  also	
  has	
  high	
  popularity	
  among	
  the	
  local	
  residents	
  and	
  is	
  also	
  
famous	
  for	
  the	
  foreigner	
  tourists.	
  Tuck	
  Kee	
  also	
  provided	
  high	
  quality	
  
standardized	
   products.	
   It	
   is	
   considered	
   as	
   price	
   taker	
   because	
   it	
   does	
  
not	
  affect	
  the	
  market	
  price	
  if	
  it	
  increases	
  the	
  price	
  of	
  its	
  products,	
  which	
  
in	
  turn	
  will	
  lose	
  its	
  customers	
  due	
  to	
  the	
  increasing	
  in	
  price.	
  
	
  
-­‐	
  In	
  the	
  other	
  hand,	
  Oloiya	
  is	
  an	
  oligopoly	
  market,	
  which	
  is	
  dominated	
  
by	
  a	
  few	
  strong	
  competitors	
  in	
  the	
  range	
  of	
  2	
  to	
  10	
  large	
  firms.	
  Oloiya	
  
has	
   the	
   biggest	
   share	
   of	
   the	
   market	
   that	
   is	
   more	
   that	
   a	
   half	
   with	
   an	
  
approximate	
  percentage	
  to	
  55%	
  of	
  the	
  market	
  shares.	
  It	
  is	
  protected	
  by	
  
strong	
  barriers	
  as	
  it	
  required	
  a	
  huge	
  capital	
  for	
  the	
  new	
  businesses	
  to	
  
enter	
  the	
  market	
  and	
  it	
  is	
  economy	
  stable	
  in	
  the	
  market	
  and	
  has	
  a	
  high	
  
position	
  in	
  the	
  market.	
  It	
  is	
  considered	
  as	
  price	
  maker	
  as	
  it	
  has	
  launched	
  
a	
  lot	
  of	
  special	
  self-­‐invented	
  products	
  that	
  can	
  only	
  be	
  found	
  in	
  Oloiya	
  
such	
  as	
  gold	
  coin	
  ham	
  and	
  chicken	
  dried	
  meat,	
  lovely	
  heart	
  dried	
  meat,	
  
bacon	
   slice	
   (blooming	
   beauty	
   ham),	
   Hakka	
   style	
   duck	
   dried	
   meat,	
   old	
  
style	
   burger	
   and	
   other	
   products.	
   Oloiya	
   often	
   do	
   advertising	
   for	
   their	
  
new	
  brand	
  products,	
  launching	
  new	
  products	
  according	
  to	
  the	
  season	
  
and	
  also	
  held	
  special	
  events	
  constantly.	
  
	
  
14	
  
	
  
	
  
7. Summary	
  table	
  	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
Competitive	
  Traits	
  
	
  
Tuck	
  Kee	
  Dried	
  Meat	
  &	
  
Meat	
  Floss	
  (Pulau	
  
Penang-­‐Based)	
  
	
  
Oloiya	
  (Klang	
  Valley-­‐Based)	
  
1.	
  Number	
  of	
  Competitors	
  	
  
	
  
In	
  range	
  5	
  to	
  10	
  competitors	
   In	
  range	
  10	
  to	
  50	
  competitors	
  
2.	
  Barrier	
  to	
  Entry	
  	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
Protected	
  by	
  strong	
  barriers	
  
to	
  entry.	
  
Because	
  this	
  is	
  an	
  old	
  
historical	
  shop.	
  Thus,	
  they	
  
have	
  many	
  original	
  
customers	
  and	
  won	
  high	
  
popularity	
  in	
  the	
  local	
  and	
  
tourisms.	
  
Protected	
  by	
  strong	
  barriers	
  to	
  
entry.	
  
Because	
  it	
  has	
  a	
  very	
  stable	
  
economy	
  status	
  and	
  is	
  well	
  equipped	
  
with	
  advanced	
  technology	
  for	
  the	
  
efficiency	
  production.	
  
3.	
  Differentiated	
  or	
  
Standardized	
  Products	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  	
  
Standardized	
  products.	
  
	
  
	
  
Differentiated	
  products.	
  
-­‐	
  Gold	
  coin	
  ham	
  &	
  chicken	
  dried	
  
meat	
  
-­‐	
  Lovely	
  heart	
  dried	
  meat	
  
-­‐	
  Bacon	
  slice	
  (Blooming	
  beauty	
  ham)	
  
-­‐	
  Hakka	
  style	
  duck	
  dried	
  meat	
  
-­‐	
  Old	
  style	
  burger	
  
4.	
  Pricing	
  Power	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  	
  
Price	
  Taker	
  
-­‐	
  Because	
  the	
  price	
  that	
  he	
  
sets	
  does	
  not	
  bring	
  any	
  
affect	
  to	
  the	
  market	
  price	
  
instead	
  he	
  will	
  lose	
  plenty	
  of	
  
customers	
  as	
  the	
  demand	
  
will	
  decrease	
  when	
  the	
  price	
  
increase.	
  (Refer	
  to	
  the	
  
demand	
  theory)	
  
Price	
  Maker	
  
-­‐	
  Because	
  it	
  has	
  many	
  types	
  of	
  
special	
  products	
  that	
  is	
  self-­‐
invented.	
  Thus,	
  they	
  can	
  set	
  the	
  
price	
  by	
  themselves	
  because	
  the	
  
customers	
  only	
  can	
  find	
  these	
  
specific	
  products	
  at	
  their	
  shop.	
  
5.	
  Other	
  Characteristics	
  	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
Many	
  close	
  products	
  
substitutes,	
  inconstant	
  
advertising,	
  rarely	
  having	
  
promotions	
  for	
  the	
  products	
  
and	
  rarely	
  invented	
  special	
  
season	
  products.	
  
No	
  close	
  products	
  substitutes,	
  
mutual	
  dependence,	
  constantly	
  
advertisements,	
  holding	
  promotions	
  
for	
  special	
  events	
  constantly,	
  often	
  
invented	
  special	
  season	
  products	
  
and	
  launching	
  new	
  products	
  
annually.	
  
6.	
  Verdict	
  	
  
	
  
Oligopoly	
   Oligopoly	
  
15	
  
	
  
8. Based	
  on	
  our	
  analysis,	
  Oloiya	
  would	
  be	
  more	
  commercially	
  successful	
  
business.	
  One	
  reason	
  is	
  that	
  Oloiya	
  is	
  a	
  very	
  well-­‐known	
  Brand	
  in	
  all	
  over	
  
Malaysia.	
  Oloiya	
  have	
  special	
  product	
  that	
  cam	
  attract	
  people	
  ,	
  example	
  
heart	
  shape	
  dried	
  meat	
  ,	
  and	
  chicken	
  flavor	
  dried	
  meat	
  ;	
  Tuck	
  Kee	
  only	
  
have	
  all	
  standardized	
  product	
  .	
  	
  
	
  
	
  
Recommendation	
  	
  
Tuck	
  Kee	
  Dried	
  Meat	
  
• Since	
   this	
   ‘Tuck	
   Kee	
   Dried	
   Meat’	
   shop	
   is	
   only	
   well	
   known	
   in	
  
Penang.	
   We	
   had	
   suggested	
   that	
   the	
   shop	
   should	
   make	
   more	
  
advertising,	
   creating	
   an	
   official	
   website	
   and	
   promotional	
  
campaigns	
   to	
   promote	
   their	
   products	
   all	
   over	
   the	
   Malaysia	
  
especially	
   the	
   place	
   which	
   is	
   significant	
   with	
   Chinese	
   as	
   dried	
  
meat	
   is	
   origin	
   from	
   Chinese	
   culture.	
   If	
   ‘Tuck	
   Kee	
   Dried	
   Meat’	
  
makes	
  a	
  strong	
  advertising,	
  people	
  will	
  feels	
  it’s	
  a	
  lost	
  if	
  they	
  do	
  
not	
  buy	
  the	
  dried	
  meat	
  when	
  they	
  reach	
  Penang,	
  	
  
	
  
• Due	
  to	
  there	
  are	
  only	
  less	
  product	
  been	
  sold	
  in	
  the	
  shop,	
  in	
  our	
  
opinion,	
   we	
   would	
   recommend	
   Mr.	
   Chong	
   to	
   invent	
   more	
  
products.	
  This	
  is	
  because	
  customers	
  will	
  feel	
  bored	
  if	
  people	
  keep	
  
on	
   buying	
   the	
   same	
   product.	
   If	
   a	
   new	
   product	
   launched,	
   people	
  
will	
   feels	
   fresh	
   and	
   this	
   can	
   enhance	
   the	
   revenue	
   of	
   ‘Tuck	
   Kee	
  
Dried	
   Meat’.	
   So,	
   the	
   owner	
   can	
   invent	
   new	
   products	
   that	
   never	
  
been	
  in	
  the	
  market	
  to	
  attract	
  costumer.	
  
	
  
	
  
• Everyone	
  knows	
  Penang	
  has	
  a	
  serious	
  traffic	
  jam	
  just	
  like	
  Kuala	
  
Lumpur.	
  If	
  Mr	
  Chong	
  can	
  create	
  also	
  a	
  delivery	
  service	
  and	
  online	
  
shopping	
  just	
  like	
  the	
  huge	
  companies	
  such	
  as	
  IKEA,	
  Tesco	
  and	
  so	
  
on.	
  These	
  companies	
  will	
  always	
  make	
  their	
  customers	
  at	
  first	
  and	
  
let	
   customers	
   buy	
   their	
   product	
   in	
   the	
   fastest	
   and	
   easiest	
   way.	
  
Hence,	
  if	
  Mr.	
  Chong	
  can	
  also	
  apply	
  these	
  services	
  into	
  his	
  business,	
  
it	
  will	
  comes	
  a	
  large	
  of	
  profit	
  to	
  ‘Tuck	
  Kee	
  Dried	
  Meat’	
  too.	
  
16	
  
	
  
Oloiya	
  Dried	
  Meat	
  
• Oloiya	
  is	
  been	
  a	
  very	
  success	
  dried	
  Meat	
  Company	
  in	
  Malaysia	
  but	
  
out	
  of	
  Malaysia,	
  no	
  one	
  recognize	
  Oloiya.	
  It	
  is	
  an	
  opportunity	
  for	
  
Oloiya	
   for	
   them	
   to	
   step	
   themselves	
   into	
   Asia	
   Pacific	
   such	
   as	
  
Thailand,	
   Vietnam,	
   China	
   and	
   Singapore	
   as	
   those	
   countries	
   are	
  
non-­‐halal	
  countries	
  and	
  also	
  concentrated	
  by	
  Chinese.	
  But	
  at	
  first,	
  
Oloiya	
   must	
   have	
   branches	
   and	
   makes	
   advertising	
   in	
   those	
  
countries	
  for	
  people	
  to	
  know	
  more	
  about	
  what	
  is	
  dried	
  meat	
  as	
  
those	
  countries	
  know	
  nothing	
  about	
  dried	
  meat.	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
• Based	
  on	
  our	
  knowledge	
  after	
  interviewing	
  Oloiya,	
  they	
  have	
  not	
  
enough	
   of	
   capital	
   for	
   them	
   to	
   enlarge	
   their	
   companies.	
   It	
   is	
   an	
  
obstacle	
   for	
   them	
   to	
   step	
   themselves	
   into	
   Asia	
   Pacific.	
   In	
   my	
  
opinion,	
  I	
  suggest	
  them	
  to	
  list	
  their	
  company	
  on	
  Bursa	
  Malaysia	
  to	
  
gain	
   capital	
   from	
   others	
   but	
   this	
   decision	
   had	
   to	
   gain	
   approval	
  
shareholders.	
   Maybe	
   Oloiya	
   is	
   a	
   family	
   business,	
   they	
   will	
   not	
  
willing	
   to	
   sell	
   their	
   shares	
   to	
   public	
   but	
   if	
   the	
   mastermind	
   can	
  
convince	
   the	
   shareholders,	
   I	
   think	
   those	
   shareholders	
   will	
  
approve	
  to	
  carry	
  their	
  business	
  into	
  whole	
  Asia	
  Pacific.	
  
	
  
• Inventing	
   new	
   product	
   without	
   pork	
   is	
   a	
   success	
   step	
   into	
   the	
  
market	
   due	
   to	
   in	
   Malaysia	
   majority	
   of	
   it	
   are	
   Malay	
   but	
  
unfortunately,	
  those	
  product	
  never	
  get	
  verified	
  by	
  halal.	
  If	
  Oloiya	
  
want	
  to	
  carry	
  themselves	
  into	
  Asia	
  Pacific,	
  at	
  first,	
  they	
  have	
  to	
  get	
  
verified	
   by	
   halal	
   as	
   most	
   of	
   the	
   countries	
   are	
   Islamic	
   countries	
  
such	
   as	
   Indonesia,	
   Brunei	
   and	
   Philippine.	
   If	
   Oloiya’s	
   dried	
   meat	
  
able	
  to	
  get	
  verified	
  by	
  halal,	
  they	
  step	
  into	
  those	
  countries.	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
17	
  
	
  
	
  	
  
18	
  
	
  
	
  
19	
  
	
  
	
  
20	
  
	
  
	
  
21	
  
	
  
	
  
22	
  
	
  
	
  
23	
  
	
  
	
  
24	
  
	
  
	
  
25	
  
	
  
	
   	
  
26	
  
	
  
	
  
27	
  
	
  
	
   	
  
28	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
29	
  
	
  
	
  
30	
  
	
  
Video Link
Part 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SS6zDDUoKV0
Brief Bio of Businesses
Part 2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=msI56HzK8AQ
Comparative of Businesses
Part 3
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m8bie1BkGnI
Recommendation of Businesses
REFERENCES
Oloiya Dried Meat. (n.d.). Retrieved May 5, 2015, from
http://www.oloiya.com/
Tuck Kee Dried Meat & Meat Floss (德 肉干) @ Pulau Tikus. (2012,
March 25). Retrieved May 8, 2015, from
http://www.jeremee89.com/2012/03/tuck-kee-dried-meat-meat-floss-
德 肉干-pulau-tikus/
Oloiya Dried Meat. (n.d.). OLOIYA.
Perraton, G. (2006). Food & technology (2nd ed.). Milton, Qld.: John
Wiley & Sons.
Brozen, Y. (1975). The competitive economy: Selected readings.
Morristown, N.J.: General Learning Press.
Goldsmith, H. (1989). Import/export: A guide to growth, profits, and
market share. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
	
  
	
  

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English 2 report

  • 1. 1                     Name  of  Module:  ENGLISH  2  (ELG30605)     Report  Title  :  A  Tale  Of  Two  Businesses  –  A  Comparative   Analysis  Of  2  Businesses  Of  Similar  Industry  In  Different   Geographical  Location           Group  Members  :     Amanda  Chiong     (0320328)   Bridget  Hsu       (0320218)   Chau  Xet  Nee       (0320222)   Foo  Zhi  Fung       (0320226)   Le  Jia  Nian       (0319957)   Marco  Leong       (0320026)   Ngo  Jia  Haur       (0320144)   Wong  De-­‐Vin       (0319814)    
  • 2. 2     Table  of  Content             Content       Page   Cover  Page               1   Table  Content       2   History  of  Dried  Meat     3   Key  Summary       4   Brief  Bio  Of  Businesses       5-­‐8   Comparative  Analysis  Of  Business  Competitive  Traits       9-­‐15   Recommendation       15-­‐16   Appendices       17-­‐29   References       30    
  • 3. 3     History  of  Dried  Meat     Dried  meat  is  also  known  as  Bakkwa  or  Rougan  in  mandarin  are   sweetened  barbecued  dried  meat  slices  that  is  similar  to  jerkeys.  This   product  and  the  way  of  cooking  it  is  originated  from  mainland  China  in  a   province  named  Fujian  and  it  is  considered  as  a  Hokkien  delicacy.   This   type   of   dried   meat   is   actually   preserved   and   prepared   with   a   special  technique  originated  from  China.  Although  this  product  has  been   on  the  market  for  centuries,  the  method  for  production  have  remained   the   same   until   today.   The   Bakkwa   is   often   made   with   beef,   pork   or   chicken,  which  are  prepared  with  spices,  sugar,  salt  and  soy  sauce  and   then  dried  on  racks  at  around  50  to  60  degree  Celsius.     Today,  there  are  slight  changes  to  the  product  like  softer  texture,  lighter   colour   and   also   less   sugar.   The   bakkwa   products   that   are   sold   in   the   market  nowadays  have  higher  water  content  that  cause  it  to  have  softer   texture   and   less   sugar   are   used   in   them   as   well   due   to   the   health   concerned   of   the   society   these   days.   Even   though   there   are   changes   made   throughout   the   years,   they   still   do   have   similar   shelf   life   as   the   ones   before.   The   meat   nowadays   has   also   been   modified   and   most   commonly  served  in  square-­‐shaped  slices  in  the  form  of  flat  thin  sheets.     Bakkwa  is  extremely  famous  in  South  East  Asia  especially  in  Singapore   and   Malaysia   where   most   eaten   during   Chinese   New   Year.   When   the   Chinese   immigrant   brought   this   delicacy   over   to   South   East   Asia,   the   way  of  preparing  and  cooking  it  has  slightly  changed.  The  most  notable   changed  would  the  the  preparation  of  Bakkwa.  The  meat  was  once  still   air-­‐dried  and  now  they  grill  them  over  charcoal  instead.  This  also  gives   a  smokier  flavour  to  the  meat.  The  Singaporeans  and  Malaysian  versions   of  Bakkwa  are  also  slightly  different  than  the  ones  in  mainland  China   due  to  the  variations  adapted  to  suit  the  locals  such  as  Satay  Flavoured   Bakkwa.    
  • 4. 4     Key  Summary       This  assignment  aims  to  conduct  a  comparative  analysis  between  two   businesses  of  similar  industry  but  the  different  geographical  locations,   where  are  Tuck  Kee  Dried  Meat  &  Meat  Floss  in  Pulau  Penang  and  the   another  one  is  Oloiya  Dried  Meat  in  Klang  Valley.  For  this  assignment,   we  had  chosen  two  Dried  Meat  shops  in  food  industry  to  carry  out  face-­‐ to-­‐face  interview  to  obtain  the  businesses’  information  and  compare  the   businesses’   competitive   traits   such   as   number   of   competitors,   main   products   or   services   sold,   market   share   of   the   businesses,   nature   of   markets  and  others.  Dried  Meat  is  a  type  of  meals  snack  that  is  popular   among  people  with  different  ages  mostly  in  Chinese  community.  After   analysis   all   the   information   obtained,   we   concluded   that   Oloiya   Dried   Meat   had   a   higher   popularity   as   it   boasts   many   outlets   nationwide   in   Malaysia  but  Tuck  Kee  Dried  Meat  &  Meat  Floss  not  so  popular  in  the   market.  Both  of  them  shares  a  common  similarities  which  they  provide   export  services  internationally.                        
  • 5. 5     Brief  Bio  of  the  Businesses         Tuck  Kee  Dried  Meat     1. The   dried   meat   business   was   interviewed   in   Penang   -­‐   ‘Tuck   Kee  Dried  Meat’.  This  business  was  founded  in  1980an  and  the   name  of  the  founder  is  Chong  Man  Tuck  at  the  age  of  27.  ‘Tuck   Kee  Dried  Meat’  is  named  due  to  the  founder’s  name  is  related   and   also   a   remembering   on   his   effort   on   the   dried   meat   business.     2. The   current   location   is   strategically   located   in   the   famous   tourist   spot   in   Penang   Road,   Georgetown.   There   is   a   well-­‐ known   chendul   stall   named   Teowchew   Chendul.   With   the   corporation  of  both  of  their  famous  business,  Penang  Road  had   been  a  must  for  tourist  and  local  to  visit  if  they  have  their  foot   in  Penang.     3. Before   the   first   outlet   debuted,   the   founder   is   just   pushing   a   cart  selling  dried  meat  in  every  place  in  Georgetown.  Later  on,   the  Mr.  Chong  gained  his  first  capital  to  buy  a  shop  and  roots  in   Penang  Road  to  run  his  business  together  with  10  numbers  of   employees.   4. For   sure,   the   main   product   is   dried   meat   but   Mr.   Chong   has   also  doing  services  like  exporting  his  dried  meat  oversea  and   retail  &  wholesale.  Besides,  Mr  Chong  is  also  selling  bird  nest   and  tea  leaves  as  his  side  income.     5. During   the   15   minutes   interview,   we   saw   there   are   3   customers  came  into  the  shop  to  buy  dried  meat.  Mr  Chong  run   his   business   at   about   12   hours   a   day.   With   our   estimation,   there  are  about  150  customers  visited  him  in  a  day.    
  • 6. 6     6. It  was  founded  because  in  the  beginning  after  he  married  his   wife,  he  was  a  fruit  man  selling  fruit  on  a  push  cart    soon  he   realize   that   not   much   profit   he   can   make   to   feed   the   family   from  selling  fruit.  He  soon  got  his  motive  and  discover  how  to   make   dried   meat   because  dried   meat   are   popular   among   the   Chinese  community  in  all  ages  and  start  selling  a  little  amount   of  dried  meat  on  a  push  cart.  Through  this  dried  meat  business,   he   makes   a   lot   of   profit   and   decided   to   open   a   shop   lot.   He   passes  his  recipe  to  his  son  and  his  daughter.  He  is  no  longer   operating   the   business   as   his   children   hold   all   his   business   right  now.     7. In  recent  time,  the  business  has  used  their  revenue  to  improve   his  product  improving  the  taste  of  the  meat  and  make  it  better   packaging.  Besides,  they  are  using  their  revenue  to  invent  new   taste   of   the   dried   meat   using   different   type   of   meat.  The   business   revenue   gain   thought   their   development   is   current   RM50,  000  per  month  where  they  start  business  with  capital   around  RM100  in  the  earlier  year.                                        
  • 7. 7     Brief  Bio  of  the  Business   Oloiya   1. In   1970an,   the   founder   –   Khue   Chow   Kong   (grandfather   of   Raymond  Khue)  ventured  into  making  orange  juice.  He  had  a   Taiwanese  friend  who  willing  to  exchange  his  recipe  of  making   dried   meat   with   him   who   always   visit   him   when   he   reached   Malaysia.  When  he  met  Mr.  Khue,  he  would  shout  at  him  and   said   ‘Oloiya’   which   is   a   Hakka   language   which   mean   ‘Here   I   Come’.  Hence,  a  huge  business  is  start  up  by  using  the  name  –   ‘Oloiya’     2. The  original  Chinatown  centred  on  Petaling  Street.  The  street   was  popular  as  it  was  higher  than  the  rest  of  the  town  and  was   therefore   less   prone   to   floods,   and   the   wealthier   population   were  inclined  to  build  their  shop  and  houses  here.  Due  to  all  of   the   reason,   Mr   Khue   took   this   opportunity   and   start   his   business   selling   dried   meat   close   to   the   Petaling   Street.   The   men   were   mainly  Cantonese  and  Hakkas  from   China   who   had   come   to   the   city   because   of   the   tin   trade.   Thus,   this   would   made  Mr  Khue  dried  meat  business  enlarged  as  people  around   would  buy  dried  meat  before  they  sail  back  to  their  country.   Besides,   the   worker   that   working   as  coolies  in   the   mines   will   also  bought  dried  meat  as  snacks.       3. In  1975,  there  were  only  1  outlet  which  was  located  in  Petaling   Street  and  still  the  founder  was  operating  it.  Until  2010,  there   were  36  outlet  all  over  Malaysia.  Raymond  Khue  very  honestly   said  that  the  number  of  roadside  stalls  has  decreased  while  the   number   of   outlets   in   malls   and   shoplots   continue   to   grow.   Raymond Khue also said that there were approximately 100 employees all over the company include factories, offices, agent and salesman. Mr Khue is now passed away, his grandson now is inheriting his huge business.
  • 8. 8     4. They are variety of product been sold in every branches and franchises of ‘Oloiya’ such as savoury minced chicken dried meat, gold coin ham & chicken dried meat, chicken and pork floss, minced pork dried meat, lovely heart dried meat, bacon slice, chili pork dried meat and hakka-style beef dried meat and duck dried meat is also available. Raymond told us that the bestselling product is the traditional dried meat – savoury minced chicken dried meat. Those products usually for the purpose of gift and as a hamper for others. Dried meat also as a snacks for foreign. 5. As the interview held in the office, we could not estimate the real number of customers but we also asked this question to Raymond, he said there are approximately 500 customers visited to the shop and there are mosty local to visit them as only local who know the dried meat brand – ‘Oloiya’. 6. In 1970, the couple opened their first stall in Chinatown. In those days, pork was used to make dried meat and the couple soon realised that the sliced dried meat was not suitable for the elderly and young as it was rather difficult to chew. Mr Khue started the first of many innovations in the dried meat industry. He created minced chicken dried meat and went on to introduce minced pork and duck delicacies. This is not meant that it was more palatable for the young and elderly, it also gave their customers more variety on buying dried meat. 7. Their recent development have plans in the pipeline to expend the business globally. In addition to focussing on countries that have a significant non-halal countries such as Thailand, China, Vietnam, Singapore and so on. But the first step to go into global business is to export and open branch in Thailand. Besides, they also plan to list their company in Bursa Malaysia but there are many obstacles blocking them to the way through.    
  • 9. 9     Comparative  Analysis  of  Business     Competitive  Traits     1. In   Penang,   dried   meat   shop   there   are   at   least   8   competitors   specifically  in  George  town  ;  There  is  an  large  number  of  dried   meat   shop   in   Klang   valley   counting   more   than   50   firm   .   Specifically  in  Petaling  Street,  there  are  at  least  10  firms.     2. In   Penang   ,   Teic   Kee   share   is   small   and   its   top   competitor   in   market  would  be  Loong  Kee  ,  Oloiya  ,  Bak  Kueh  Eng  ;  in  Klang   Valley   Oloiya   share   is   big   in   the   market   ,   its   top   competitors   would  be  Bee  Cheng  Hiang,  Wing  Heong,  Loong  Kee  .       3. TUCK  KEE     a) Loong  Kee  Dried  Meat  founded  in  1976  and  has  been  a   name  in  this  industry  for  almost  40  years.  Loong  Kee  is   famous   for   festive   favorites   such   as   dried   meat   ,   meat   floss,  meat  fluff,  mooncakes  as  well  as  feel-­‐good  all-­‐year-­‐   round   treats   such   as   cookies   and   pastries.   There   are   currently   21   Loong   Kee   branches   nationwide   and   3   of   them   located   in   Penang,   one   in   Ayer   Itam,   one   in   Butterworth  and  one  in  Gurney  Plaza.  Loong  Kee  is  also   an   active   participant   of   food   fairs,   food   exhibitions   and   festive  events.  The  presence  of  Loong  Kee  is  definitely  an   influence  to  Tuck  Kee  as  they  many  varieties  of  not  only   dried  meat  but  also  pastries.                  
  • 10. 10     b) Oloiya  is  one  of  the  dominant  company  in  this  industry   since   the   early   70s   and   has   never   fail   to   impress   their   customers   in   the   sense   of   not   only   the   quality   of   their   product   but   also   the   price   and   the   service   they   have   provided.   Although   there   are   only   2   outlets   in   Penang,   which  is  one  in  Penang  Island  and  Butterworth,  they  are   never   any   worse   than   their   competitors   due   to   their   popularity   and   quality   they   have   provided   to   their   customers.   Their   main   product   would   be   chicken   dried   meat   and   that   is   also   their   best   seller   because   they   are   the   first   shop   in   Malaysia   to   actually   sell   chicken   dried   meat.   They   also   have   a   huge   variety   of   dried   meat   and   pastries  that  makes  them  one  of  the  best  dried  meat  store   in  Malaysia.  Oloiya  has  been  on  the  top  list  in  this  field  for   decades  and  it  is  a  huge  competitor  for  Tuck  Kee.         c) Bak  Kueh  Eng  is  not  a  chain  nor  a  franchise  like  Loong   Kee  or  Oloiya.  It  is  a  small  shop  just  like  Tuck  Kee  and   they  grill  their  dried  meat  not  like  the  big  chain’s  where   they  have  factory  but  in  their  own  shop.  The  location  of   this  shop  is  in  Lebuh  Cecil,  Georgetown.  The  product  they   are  selling  are  more  or  less  the  same  like  Tuck  Kee  except   they  also  sell  Roasted  Pork  which  give  them  a  huge  boost   to  their  business.  Although  it  is  just  a  small  business,  it  is   also  a  competitor  to  Tuck  Kee  due  to  the  loyal  customers   they  have  and  also  the  quality  they  give  to  them.                                                      
  • 11. 11     OLOIYA     a) Bee   Cheng   Hiang   is   a   well   known   or   arguably   the   biggest   dried   meat   chain   originated   from   Singapore   and   it   has   many   branches   all   around   Asia   including   Korea   ,   China   ,   Malaysia   ,   Macau  ,  Thailand  ,Philippines  ,  Indonesia  ,  Taiwan  ,  Hong  Kong   and  of  course  Singapore.  This  dried  meat  store  start  since  the   1930’s   and   has   been   tremendously   famous   ever   since.   Bee   Cheng  Hiang  has  existed  for  almost  90  years  and  not  only  they   are  maintaining  what  they  already  provide  but  also  expand  and   grow   their   business   in   very   well.The   main   products   that   are   keeping  this  business  growing  is  their  dried  meat,  meat  floss  ,   chinese   sausages   ,   mooncakes   and   some   snack   like   grilled   cuttlefish.  It  currently  has  more  than  200  stores  in  the  world   and   still   growing.   A   business   like   Bee   Cheng   Hiang   is   truly   a   huge  competitor  to  Oloiya  as  they  are  recognized  worldwide.   Oloiya’s   director   even   mentioned   that   Bee   Cheng   Hiang   is   a   company  that  he  truly  admire  by  their  way  of  organising  their   business  and  how  they  grow  it.  Even  their  price  is  expensive   but  there  are  also  customers  that  are  willing  to  pay  the  price   for  what  they’re  getting  in  Bee  Cheng  Hiang.     b) Wing  Heong  is  a  dry  meat  chain  that  has  6  stores  all  located  in   Klang  Valley.  Wing  Heong  is  founded  in  the  early  1970’s  and   has  expanded  to  6  stores    from  then.  The  main  products  they   are  selling  is  chicken  ,  beef  and  pork  dried  meat.  Although  it  is   not  a  very  big  chain,  it  is  also  a  competitor  to  Oloiya  due  to  the   loyal  customers  Wing  Heong  has  already  attracted  throughout   the  years.         c)  Loong  Kee  is  one  of  the  main  competitors  to  Oloiya  due  to  the   size   of   their   business   they   have   expanded   throughout   the   years.  It  has  been  founded  for  almost  40  years  and  has  already   been  a  competitor  to  Oloiya  since  Oloiya  is  founded.  Although   they  have  been  around  for  awhile  and  selling  almost  the  same   product  for  many  many  years  but  they  have  their  own  unique   way   of   attracting   customers.   Even   though   they   are   strong  
  • 12. 12     competitors  Oloiya’s  director  did  mention  that  they  compete  in   a   fair   manner   and   they   have   never   sabotage   each   other   in   anyway.             4. TUCK  KEE   -­‐ Mr.  Chong  claim  that  he  lower  the  price  of  his  dried  meat  to   compete  with  his  competitors.     -­‐ Mr.   Chong   encourages   his   employees   to   spent   time   with   their  customer  to  receive  feedback  for  them  to  reflect  and   make   their   product   better.   Besides   getting   face   to   face   feedback,   he   also   get   feedback   from   social   media   example   like  Facebook.     -­‐ Mr.   Chong   will   have   annual   meeting   with   his   employee   to   create  new  dried  meat  flavor  or  other  related  product  and   promote  their  new  product  on  social  media.                                          OLOIYA     -­‐ New  product  are  produce  every  year  or  on  special  event  like   Mother’s  Day,  Chinese  New  Year  and  etc.     -­‐ Oloiya  is  the  first  dried  meat  shop  that  use  chicken  to  make   dried  meat  this  make  Oloiya  very  special.     -­‐ Marketing  department  of  Oloiya  also  promote  themselves  in   social  page  like  Groupon,  Facebook  and  etc.       5. To   enter   the   dried   meat   market   according   to   both   of   the   interviewee  back  in  the  80s  is  easy  as  long  as  you  have  money   you  can  start  a  dried  meat  shop  but  these  day  you  need  to  have   large  amount  of  capital.  One  of  the  obstacle  being  point  out  from   the   Executive   Director   form   Oloiya   is   strict   qualification   from   the  government  for  new  businesses  to  enter  the  market.  Besides   strict  qualification,  nowadays  is  not  easy  to  make  bank  loan  as   bank  required  high  requirement  to  give  bank  loan.              
  • 13. 13     6. Nature  of  the  market       -­‐  Tuck   Kee  Dried  Meat  &  Meat  Floss  is  an  oligopoly  market,  which  is   dominated  by  a  few  sellers.  Tuck  Kee  is  protected  by  strong  barriers  to   entry  as  it  resembles  a  significant  role  in  the  market  and  it  has  a  wide   source   of   customers   that   mostly   emphasis   in   the   original   customers.   Tuck  Kee  also  has  high  popularity  among  the  local  residents  and  is  also   famous  for  the  foreigner  tourists.  Tuck  Kee  also  provided  high  quality   standardized   products.   It   is   considered   as   price   taker   because   it   does   not  affect  the  market  price  if  it  increases  the  price  of  its  products,  which   in  turn  will  lose  its  customers  due  to  the  increasing  in  price.     -­‐  In  the  other  hand,  Oloiya  is  an  oligopoly  market,  which  is  dominated   by  a  few  strong  competitors  in  the  range  of  2  to  10  large  firms.  Oloiya   has   the   biggest   share   of   the   market   that   is   more   that   a   half   with   an   approximate  percentage  to  55%  of  the  market  shares.  It  is  protected  by   strong  barriers  as  it  required  a  huge  capital  for  the  new  businesses  to   enter  the  market  and  it  is  economy  stable  in  the  market  and  has  a  high   position  in  the  market.  It  is  considered  as  price  maker  as  it  has  launched   a  lot  of  special  self-­‐invented  products  that  can  only  be  found  in  Oloiya   such  as  gold  coin  ham  and  chicken  dried  meat,  lovely  heart  dried  meat,   bacon   slice   (blooming   beauty   ham),   Hakka   style   duck   dried   meat,   old   style   burger   and   other   products.   Oloiya   often   do   advertising   for   their   new  brand  products,  launching  new  products  according  to  the  season   and  also  held  special  events  constantly.    
  • 14. 14       7. Summary  table           Competitive  Traits     Tuck  Kee  Dried  Meat  &   Meat  Floss  (Pulau   Penang-­‐Based)     Oloiya  (Klang  Valley-­‐Based)   1.  Number  of  Competitors       In  range  5  to  10  competitors   In  range  10  to  50  competitors   2.  Barrier  to  Entry                   Protected  by  strong  barriers   to  entry.   Because  this  is  an  old   historical  shop.  Thus,  they   have  many  original   customers  and  won  high   popularity  in  the  local  and   tourisms.   Protected  by  strong  barriers  to   entry.   Because  it  has  a  very  stable   economy  status  and  is  well  equipped   with  advanced  technology  for  the   efficiency  production.   3.  Differentiated  or   Standardized  Products                   Standardized  products.       Differentiated  products.   -­‐  Gold  coin  ham  &  chicken  dried   meat   -­‐  Lovely  heart  dried  meat   -­‐  Bacon  slice  (Blooming  beauty  ham)   -­‐  Hakka  style  duck  dried  meat   -­‐  Old  style  burger   4.  Pricing  Power                       Price  Taker   -­‐  Because  the  price  that  he   sets  does  not  bring  any   affect  to  the  market  price   instead  he  will  lose  plenty  of   customers  as  the  demand   will  decrease  when  the  price   increase.  (Refer  to  the   demand  theory)   Price  Maker   -­‐  Because  it  has  many  types  of   special  products  that  is  self-­‐ invented.  Thus,  they  can  set  the   price  by  themselves  because  the   customers  only  can  find  these   specific  products  at  their  shop.   5.  Other  Characteristics                     Many  close  products   substitutes,  inconstant   advertising,  rarely  having   promotions  for  the  products   and  rarely  invented  special   season  products.   No  close  products  substitutes,   mutual  dependence,  constantly   advertisements,  holding  promotions   for  special  events  constantly,  often   invented  special  season  products   and  launching  new  products   annually.   6.  Verdict       Oligopoly   Oligopoly  
  • 15. 15     8. Based  on  our  analysis,  Oloiya  would  be  more  commercially  successful   business.  One  reason  is  that  Oloiya  is  a  very  well-­‐known  Brand  in  all  over   Malaysia.  Oloiya  have  special  product  that  cam  attract  people  ,  example   heart  shape  dried  meat  ,  and  chicken  flavor  dried  meat  ;  Tuck  Kee  only   have  all  standardized  product  .         Recommendation     Tuck  Kee  Dried  Meat   • Since   this   ‘Tuck   Kee   Dried   Meat’   shop   is   only   well   known   in   Penang.   We   had   suggested   that   the   shop   should   make   more   advertising,   creating   an   official   website   and   promotional   campaigns   to   promote   their   products   all   over   the   Malaysia   especially   the   place   which   is   significant   with   Chinese   as   dried   meat   is   origin   from   Chinese   culture.   If   ‘Tuck   Kee   Dried   Meat’   makes  a  strong  advertising,  people  will  feels  it’s  a  lost  if  they  do   not  buy  the  dried  meat  when  they  reach  Penang,       • Due  to  there  are  only  less  product  been  sold  in  the  shop,  in  our   opinion,   we   would   recommend   Mr.   Chong   to   invent   more   products.  This  is  because  customers  will  feel  bored  if  people  keep   on   buying   the   same   product.   If   a   new   product   launched,   people   will   feels   fresh   and   this   can   enhance   the   revenue   of   ‘Tuck   Kee   Dried   Meat’.   So,   the   owner   can   invent   new   products   that   never   been  in  the  market  to  attract  costumer.       • Everyone  knows  Penang  has  a  serious  traffic  jam  just  like  Kuala   Lumpur.  If  Mr  Chong  can  create  also  a  delivery  service  and  online   shopping  just  like  the  huge  companies  such  as  IKEA,  Tesco  and  so   on.  These  companies  will  always  make  their  customers  at  first  and   let   customers   buy   their   product   in   the   fastest   and   easiest   way.   Hence,  if  Mr.  Chong  can  also  apply  these  services  into  his  business,   it  will  comes  a  large  of  profit  to  ‘Tuck  Kee  Dried  Meat’  too.  
  • 16. 16     Oloiya  Dried  Meat   • Oloiya  is  been  a  very  success  dried  Meat  Company  in  Malaysia  but   out  of  Malaysia,  no  one  recognize  Oloiya.  It  is  an  opportunity  for   Oloiya   for   them   to   step   themselves   into   Asia   Pacific   such   as   Thailand,   Vietnam,   China   and   Singapore   as   those   countries   are   non-­‐halal  countries  and  also  concentrated  by  Chinese.  But  at  first,   Oloiya   must   have   branches   and   makes   advertising   in   those   countries  for  people  to  know  more  about  what  is  dried  meat  as   those  countries  know  nothing  about  dried  meat.         • Based  on  our  knowledge  after  interviewing  Oloiya,  they  have  not   enough   of   capital   for   them   to   enlarge   their   companies.   It   is   an   obstacle   for   them   to   step   themselves   into   Asia   Pacific.   In   my   opinion,  I  suggest  them  to  list  their  company  on  Bursa  Malaysia  to   gain   capital   from   others   but   this   decision   had   to   gain   approval   shareholders.   Maybe   Oloiya   is   a   family   business,   they   will   not   willing   to   sell   their   shares   to   public   but   if   the   mastermind   can   convince   the   shareholders,   I   think   those   shareholders   will   approve  to  carry  their  business  into  whole  Asia  Pacific.     • Inventing   new   product   without   pork   is   a   success   step   into   the   market   due   to   in   Malaysia   majority   of   it   are   Malay   but   unfortunately,  those  product  never  get  verified  by  halal.  If  Oloiya   want  to  carry  themselves  into  Asia  Pacific,  at  first,  they  have  to  get   verified   by   halal   as   most   of   the   countries   are   Islamic   countries   such   as   Indonesia,   Brunei   and   Philippine.   If   Oloiya’s   dried   meat   able  to  get  verified  by  halal,  they  step  into  those  countries.            
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  • 30. 30     Video Link Part 1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SS6zDDUoKV0 Brief Bio of Businesses Part 2 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=msI56HzK8AQ Comparative of Businesses Part 3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m8bie1BkGnI Recommendation of Businesses REFERENCES Oloiya Dried Meat. (n.d.). Retrieved May 5, 2015, from http://www.oloiya.com/ Tuck Kee Dried Meat & Meat Floss (德 肉干) @ Pulau Tikus. (2012, March 25). Retrieved May 8, 2015, from http://www.jeremee89.com/2012/03/tuck-kee-dried-meat-meat-floss- 德 肉干-pulau-tikus/ Oloiya Dried Meat. (n.d.). OLOIYA. Perraton, G. (2006). Food & technology (2nd ed.). Milton, Qld.: John Wiley & Sons. Brozen, Y. (1975). The competitive economy: Selected readings. Morristown, N.J.: General Learning Press. Goldsmith, H. (1989). Import/export: A guide to growth, profits, and market share. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.