History of HIV/AIDS
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
5 likes•926 views
Introduction and history of HIV/AIDS, up to 2016
Recommended
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Similar to History of HIV/AIDS
Similar to History of HIV/AIDS (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
History of HIV/AIDS
- 1. Done by: Dr.Wael Alzhrani Preventive Medicine KSA
- 2. Contents:
- 5. HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) if not treated.
- 6. HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) if not treated.
- 7. HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) if not treated.
- 16. HIV is thought to originate in Africa, where humans caught it from chimpanzees.
- 17. Reported clusters or increased incidences of two conditions, Kaposi’s sarcoma (a type of cancer) and Pneumocystis carinii (now known as Pneumocystis jiroveci) pneumonia (PCP) in New York and California.
- 18. CDC uses the term “AIDS” for the first time, and releases the first case definition of AIDS:
- 19. Reports of HIV in females suggesting sexual transmission. The issue of AIDS was taken up by the (WHO). A similar associated virus was reported in France and termed LAV (lymphadenopathy- associated virus).
- 20. In the US a virus related to AIDS was isolated and termed HTLV-3 (Human T- cell lymphotropic virus 3).
- 21. LAV and HTLV-3 were shown to be the same virus in 1985. First case of breast milk transmission was reported. In 1986 The virus was called human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
- 22. The development of first anti-HIV drugs called azidothymidine (AZT) or zidovudine. The drug was approved in 1987.
- 23. 1988 marked December 1st, the first World AIDS day and in 1989 effectiveness of zidovudine in clinical trials was seen.
- 24. In 1994 it was noted that Zidovudine could reduce risk of transmission of virus from HIV positive mother to baby.
- 25. In 1995 world total of 1 million reported cases of AIDS and estimated total of 18 million HIV+ adults and 1.5 million HIV+ children were reported. In 1995 a new type of drug is approved called saquinivir. Estimate of global death toll from AIDS was 9 million.
- 26. In 1997 it was estimated that 40 million people would be HIV positive worldwide by 2000. AIDS was declared 4th biggest global cause of death in 1999.
- 27. • In 2000, 34.3 million cases of HIV worldwide, with largest number in South Africa. • HIV Vaccine trials began in Oxford in 2000.
- 28. In September, as part of its Millennium Declaration,the United Nations adopts the Millennium Development Goals, which include a specific goal of reversing the spread of HIV/AIDS, malaria, and TB.
- 30. • In 2003 in Swaziland and Botswana in Southern Africa, almost 40% of adults HIV+ AIDS vaccine failed. • In 2005 drug companies and makers agreed to make available cheaper generic anti-viral drugs.
- 31. WHO reported that the number of people receiving HIV antiretroviral therapy in sub- Saharan Africa has surpassed 1 million for the first time, A 10-fold increase in treatment access in the region since December 2003.
- 32. December 13: NIH announces the early end of two clinical trials of adult male circumcision after a review of trial data reveals that medically performed circumcision reduces a man's risk of acquiring HIV through heterosexual intercourse by up to 53%.
- 33. WHO officially recommends circumcision as a way to prevent heterosexual transmission of the AIDS virus.
- 34. UNAIDS reports that there has been a significant decline (-17%) in new HIV infections in the past decade.
- 35. The NIH announce the results of the iPrEx study, showing that a daily dose of HIV drugs reduced the risk of HIV infection by 44%, supporting the concept of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in a targeted population.
- 36. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves the first at-home HIV test that will let users learn their HIV status right away.
- 38. FDA approves the use of Truvada® for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).
- 39. UNAIDS announces that the targets for Millennium Development Goal #6 halting and reversing the spread of HIV—have been achieved and exceeded 9 months ahead of the schedule set in 2000.
- 40. The National Institutes of Health and partners announce they will launch a large HIV vaccine trial in South Africa in November 2016.
- 46. 0.8% 0.01% 0.02%
- 51. Decline in HIV incidenceand mortalityover time 0 500 000 1 000 000 1 500 000 2 000 000 2 500 000 3 000 000 3 500 000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 People dying from AIDS-related causes globally People newly infected with HIV/AIDS globally Source: UNAIDS/WHO estimates.
- 52. 35% 28%
- 56. 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 Saudi Non Saudi 5,890 14,649 71% 29% The cumulative number of all detected cases since the beginning of 1984 and up to the end of 2013 amounted to 20,539 cases
- 57. In 2013, 1,777 new AIDS cases were detected 542 1235 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Saudi Non Saudi 70% 30%
- 58. There is a notable increase in the detected cases of AIDS among Saudis by 26% in 2013, compared to the detected cases in 2012, and by 18% for the preceding year, 2011.
- 60. 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Sexual relations injected drug abuse mother-fetus transmission 94% 3% 2%
- 64. Reduces the risk of heterosexually acquired HIV infection in men by approximately 60%
- 70. Early detection of TB and prompt linkage to TB treatment and ART can prevent these deaths.
- 72. HIV can be suppressed by combination ART consisting of 3 or more ARV drugs.
- 73. In 2016, WHO released the second edition of the "Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection.” provide lifelong ART to all children, adolescents and adults, including all pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV, regardless of CD4 cell count.
- 79. HVTN 702 Objective This study will evaluate the preventive vaccine efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ALVAC-HIV (vCP2438) + Bivalent Subtype C gp120/MF59 in HIV-seronegative South African adults over 24 months and potentially up to 36 months from enrollment.
Editor's Notes
- Unlike some other viruses, the human body can’t get rid of HIV completely, even with treatment. . So once you get HIV, you have it for life.
- Unlike some other viruses, the human body can’t get rid of HIV completely, even with treatment. . So once you get HIV, you have it for life.
- HIV attacks the body’s immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells), which help the immune system fight off infections.
- Untreated, HIV reduces the number of CD4 cells (T cells) in the body, making the person more likely to get other infections or infection-related cancers. Over time, HIV can destroy so many of these cells that the body can’t fight off infections and disease. These opportunistic infections or cancers take advantage of a very weak immune system and signal that the person has AIDS, the last stage of HIV infection.
- Untreated, HIV reduces the number of CD4 cells (T cells) in the body, making the person more likely to get other infections or infection-related cancers. Over time, HIV can destroy so many of these cells that the body can’t fight off infections and disease. These opportunistic infections or cancers take advantage of a very weak immune system and signal that the person has AIDS, the last stage of HIV infection.
- HIV is spread through direct contact with certain body fluids from someone who has HIV: Blood, semen and pre-seminal fluids, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, breast milk
- HIV emerged in the late 20th century. The chronological history of HIV/AIDS can be outlined as follows.
- Scientists believe that the chimpanzee version of the immunodeficiency virus (called simian immunodeficiency virus, or SIV) most likely was transmitted to humans and mutated into HIV when humans hunted these chimpanzees for meat and came into contact with their infected blood.
- This year was important since there were …. These conditions usually affect old or those with weak immune system. In this instance several young, otherwise healthy young men developed these conditions. Initially it was thought to be a disease related to the gay lifestyle as the men were gay.
- The increase is a result of country spending, as well as support from PEPFAR, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, the World Bank, pharmaceutical companies, and other bilateral donors.
- The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
- The OraQuick In-Home HIV Test provides rapid results in the home. The testing procedure involves swabbing your mouth and using a kit to test it. Results are available in 20 minutes. If you test positive, you will need a follow-up test.
- Adults who do not have HIV, but who are at risk for infection, can now take this medication to reduce their risk of getting the virus through sexual activity.
- New HIV infections have fallen by 35% and AIDS-related deaths by 41%. The global response to HIV has averted 30 million new HIV infections and nearly 8 million (7.8 million) AIDS-related deaths since 2000, when the MDGs were set.
- Between 2000 and 2015, new HIV infections fell by 35%, AIDS-related deaths fell by 28% with some 8 million lives saved. This achievement was the result of great efforts by national HIV programmes supported by civil society and a range of development partners.
- These values include the promotion of abstinence from all sexual activity outside marriage; refraining from drug use, and instilling faithfulness within marriage
- PrEP can stop HIV from taking hold and spreading throughout your body. It is highly effective for preventing HIV if used as prescribed, but it is much less effective when not taken consistently. The Food and Drug Administration approved PrEP for HIV prevention in 2012
- HIV infection is often diagnosed through rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), which detect the presence or absence of HIV antibodies.
- HIV infection is often diagnosed through rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), which detect the presence or absence of HIV antibodies.
- Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common presenting illness and cause of death among people with HIV. It is fatal if undetected or untreated and is the leading cause of death among people with HIV
- There is no cure for HIV infection. However, effective antiretroviral (ARV) drugs can control the virus and help prevent transmission so that people with HIV, and those at substantial risk, can enjoy healthy, long and productive lives. ART does not cure HIV infection but controls viral replication within a person's body and allows an individual's immune system to strengthen and regain the capacity to fight off infections.
- There is no cure for HIV infection. However, effective antiretroviral (ARV) drugs can control the virus and help prevent transmission so that people with HIV, and those at substantial risk, can enjoy healthy, long and productive lives. ART does not cure HIV infection but controls viral replication within a person's body and allows an individual's immune system to strengthen and regain the capacity to fight off infections.
- These guidelines present several new recommendations, including the recommendation to
- There is no licensed vaccine against HIV or AIDS, but scientists are getting closer than ever before to developing an effective vaccine against HIV. In 2009, a large-scale vaccine study conducted in Thailand (called RV144) showed that a vaccine combination could prevent about 32 percent of new infections. The HVTN is leading the effort to build on these results, and planning for several studies is underway.
- The HIV Vaccine Trials Network is an international partnership of research scientists, clinical trial sites, laboratories, funders, regulators and ethicists, participants, volunteers and community representatives working with industry, academia, and governments in the global search for a preventive HIV vaccine.