controlling

1. Controlling and the process of
controlling

2. Controlling
Last function among the basic managerial functions.
Vital part of management process
Defined as any process that directs the activities of
individuals towards the achievement of original goals.

3. The purpose of control
• Adopting to environmental change
• Limiting the accumulation of error
• Coping with organizational complexity
• Minimizing costs

4. The controlling process
Determine area to control
Establish standards of performance
Evaluate performance
Take corrective action

5. Determine area to control
Managers must choose areas to control because
it is expensive and virtually impossible to control
every aspect of an organization's activity.

6. Establishing standards
Standards are established level of quality or quantity used
to guide performance. Most frequently used types of
standards are. Time standards, productivity standard, cost
standards, quality standards, behavioral standards

7. Evaluate performance
This step involve observing and measuring the
performance and checking of deviation from
standards

8. Take corrective action
The manager must consider what action to be
taken to correct performance when deviations
occur.