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FLEXIBLE
ELECTRONIC DISPLAYPresented By:
Vinesh C.H
1AY11EC122
BEEC,AIT
Guided By:
Prof Sujatha B.M
Associate Professor
Dept. of E&C,AIT
Department of Electronics & Communication,
Acharya Institute Of Technology
1
WHAT’S IN IT FOR YOU TODAY ??? 2
OBVIOUSLY!!!
NOTHING BUT ,ALL ABOUT
FLEXIBLE e-DISPLAY
3
WHY? WHY? WHY? 4
DO YOU EVER WISH TO SEE YOUR CELL PHONE IN THIS STATE ???
5
PRESENTATION ROAD MAP
6
PRESENTATION ROAD MAP
7
HISTORY
8
HISTORY
• Nicholas K. Sheridon invented Gyricon at
Xerox Palo Alto Research Center
(Xerox PARC), In the 1970’s
• Eventually became the basis of the
e-paper.
• Cost-inefficient.
• Gyricon and E-paper never had much
success, but was on the right track.
9
PRESENTATION ROAD MAP
10
PRE-REQUISITES
11
PRE-REQUISITES
1.Flexible Substrates
2.Encapsulation
3.Organic and Inorganic Conducting Layers
4.Electro-optic Materials
5.Thin Film Transistors
12
1.Flexible Substrates
• The primary flexible substrate
candidates are plastics and thin glass.
• Plastic substrates are inexpensive, roll-
to roll processable and can be
laminated to multi-layers.
• Thin glass substrates exhibit better
thermal stability and have higher visual
transparency than plastics, but cannot
fully bend.
13
2.Encapsulation
•Since flexible displays utilize organic materials, a barrier
layer is essential in protecting and enclosing the
functional materials and layers from oxygen and degraded
water.
•Since organic materials tend to oxidize and hydrolyze,
oxygen and water permeation through a flexible substrate
is of particular importance flexible electronics.
14
3.Organic andInorganic Conducting Layers
• Indium tin oxide (ITO) is the typical conducting layer used in
display technology because of its excellent optical clarity.
• When ITO is deposited on a polymeric substrate, it can crack
under tensile strain and cause catastrophic failure.
• Conducting polymers are also being considered for flexible display
applications.
• There is a new conducting substrate technology based on
nanotechnology. 15
4.Electro-optic Materials
• The various types of electro-optic materials for flexible display fall
into three categories – emissive, reflective, and transmissive.
• In order to have a truly low power display, a reflection mode of
operation will have to be implemented on flexible substrates.
• Polymer-dispersed liquid crystals, encapsulated electrophoretics,
gyricon, and bi chromic ball composites all operate in the
reflective mode.
16
5.Thin Film Transistors
• A thin-film transistor (TFT) is a special
kind of field-effect transistor.
• Made by depositing thin films of an
active semiconductor layer as well as
the dielectric layer and metallic contacts
over a supporting substrate.
• A common substrate is flexible glass.
• This differs from the
conventional transistor, where the
semiconductor material typically is the
substrate, such as a silicon wafer.
17
PRESENTATION ROAD MAP
18
TYPES OF
FLEX-DISPLAY
19
TYPES OF
FLEX-DISPLAY
1.F-OLED DISPLAY
2.GYRICON DISPLAY
3.FLEXIBLE LCD DISPLAY
4.ELECTROPHORETIC DISPLAY
5.E PAPER
20
1. F-OLED DISPLAY
• Organic light emitting diodes
(OLED) display is another
promising technology for flexible
flat panel displays.
• Works on the principle of
ELECTROPHOSPHORESCENCE
• Flexible OLEDs are very
lightweight and durable. Their use
in devices such as cell phones and
PDAs can reduce breakage.
21
F-OLED DISPLAY STRUCTURE
22
F-OLED DISPLAY
HOW IT EMITS LIGHT ??
1. Electrical current flows from the cathode to
the anode through the organic layers,giving
electrons to the emissive layer and
removing electrons from the conductive
layer.
2. Removing electrons from the conductive
layer leaves holes that need to be filled
with the electrons in the emissive layer.
3. The holes jump to the emissive layer and
recombine with the electrons. As the
electrons drop into the holes, they release
their extra energy as light. 23
F-OLED DISPLAY TYPES
• PM-FOLEDs have strips of
cathode, organic layers and strips
of anode. The anode strips are
arranged perpendicular to the
cathode strips
• The intersections of the cathode
and anode make up the pixels
where light is emitted.
• The brightness of each pixel is
proportional to the amount of
applied current.
PASSIVE MATRIX OLED
24
F-OLED DISPLAY TYPES
• AM-FOLEDs have full layers of
cathode, organic molecules and
anode, but the anode layer
overlays a thin film transistor
(TFT) array that forms a matrix.
• The TFT array itself is the
circuitry that determines which
pixels get turned on to form an
image.
• AM-FOLEDs consume less power
than PMOLEDs because the TFT
array requires less power than
external circuitry, so they are
efficient for large displays.
ACTIVE MATRIX OLED
25
2. GYRICON DISPLAY
STRUCTURE
• Gyricon are spherical beads with
one black and one white
hemisphere.
• The spheres are only 100um in
diameter and make a display that is
only 200um thick.
• In the display, the beads are
dispersed in a transparent rubber
sheet and suspended in oil, allowing
it to rotate in response to an electric
field.
• The electric field is applied by the
transparent electrode
26
GYRICON DISPLAY WORKING
• When voltage is applied to the surface of the sheet, the
beads rotate to present one colored side to the viewer.
• Voltages can be applied to the surface to create images
such as text and pictures.
• The image will persist until new voltage patterns are
applied.
27
PRESENTATION ROAD MAP
28
COMPARISION
29
COMPARISION
Comparison of Flexible Screens (F-OLED's) vs. LCD Screens (LED)
Cost Durability Weight Speed Applications
Flex Screens
(F-OLED)
High: Cannot
mass produce.
Low cost
technology isn't
available yet.
Durable: Mostly
made of flexible
plastic. Hence it
doesn’t shatter.
Lighter: Potential
to be just a thin
sheet of plastic.
Faster: More
responsive to
touch.
Unlimited:Can be
applied to curved
or round services.
LCD Screens
(LED)
Low: Ability to
mass produce.
Fragile: Screen is
made of glass and
will shatter
Heavier: Requires
glass and more
support layers.
Slower: Older
technology
Limited: Requires
a flat, straight
surface.
30
PRESENTATION ROAD MAP
31
VIDEO
32
33
REFERENCES
• Cashmore, Peter. "Why Your next Phone Might Be Bendable." CNN. Turner Broacasting
System, Inc., n.d. Web. 15 Apr. 2013.
<http://www.cnn.com/2011/10/31/tech/innovation/flexible-screens-
cashmore/index.html?iref=allsearch>.
• Genuth, Iddo. "The Future of Electronic Paper." The Future of Electronic Paper. The Future
of Things, 2013. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. <http://thefutureofthings.com/articles/1000/the-future-
of-electronic-paper.html>.
• Grose, Thomas K. "OLEDs: The Light Idea." Time. Time, 2013. Web. 15 Apr. 2013.
<http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2005725,00.html>.
• Nikamahjan. "OLED Advantages and Disadvantages." OLED Advantages and
Disadvantages. Expertscolumn, 2013. Web. 15 Apr. 2013.
<http://expertscolumn.com/content/oled-advantages-and-disadvantages>.
• OLED-Info. "Flexible OLED Displays." Flexible OLED Displays. Metalgrass Software,
2013. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. <http://www.oled-info.com/flexible-oled>.
34

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Flexible Electronic display ppt,VTU format

  • 1. FLEXIBLE ELECTRONIC DISPLAYPresented By: Vinesh C.H 1AY11EC122 BEEC,AIT Guided By: Prof Sujatha B.M Associate Professor Dept. of E&C,AIT Department of Electronics & Communication, Acharya Institute Of Technology 1
  • 2. WHAT’S IN IT FOR YOU TODAY ??? 2
  • 3. OBVIOUSLY!!! NOTHING BUT ,ALL ABOUT FLEXIBLE e-DISPLAY 3
  • 5. DO YOU EVER WISH TO SEE YOUR CELL PHONE IN THIS STATE ??? 5
  • 9. HISTORY • Nicholas K. Sheridon invented Gyricon at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (Xerox PARC), In the 1970’s • Eventually became the basis of the e-paper. • Cost-inefficient. • Gyricon and E-paper never had much success, but was on the right track. 9
  • 12. PRE-REQUISITES 1.Flexible Substrates 2.Encapsulation 3.Organic and Inorganic Conducting Layers 4.Electro-optic Materials 5.Thin Film Transistors 12
  • 13. 1.Flexible Substrates • The primary flexible substrate candidates are plastics and thin glass. • Plastic substrates are inexpensive, roll- to roll processable and can be laminated to multi-layers. • Thin glass substrates exhibit better thermal stability and have higher visual transparency than plastics, but cannot fully bend. 13
  • 14. 2.Encapsulation •Since flexible displays utilize organic materials, a barrier layer is essential in protecting and enclosing the functional materials and layers from oxygen and degraded water. •Since organic materials tend to oxidize and hydrolyze, oxygen and water permeation through a flexible substrate is of particular importance flexible electronics. 14
  • 15. 3.Organic andInorganic Conducting Layers • Indium tin oxide (ITO) is the typical conducting layer used in display technology because of its excellent optical clarity. • When ITO is deposited on a polymeric substrate, it can crack under tensile strain and cause catastrophic failure. • Conducting polymers are also being considered for flexible display applications. • There is a new conducting substrate technology based on nanotechnology. 15
  • 16. 4.Electro-optic Materials • The various types of electro-optic materials for flexible display fall into three categories – emissive, reflective, and transmissive. • In order to have a truly low power display, a reflection mode of operation will have to be implemented on flexible substrates. • Polymer-dispersed liquid crystals, encapsulated electrophoretics, gyricon, and bi chromic ball composites all operate in the reflective mode. 16
  • 17. 5.Thin Film Transistors • A thin-film transistor (TFT) is a special kind of field-effect transistor. • Made by depositing thin films of an active semiconductor layer as well as the dielectric layer and metallic contacts over a supporting substrate. • A common substrate is flexible glass. • This differs from the conventional transistor, where the semiconductor material typically is the substrate, such as a silicon wafer. 17
  • 20. TYPES OF FLEX-DISPLAY 1.F-OLED DISPLAY 2.GYRICON DISPLAY 3.FLEXIBLE LCD DISPLAY 4.ELECTROPHORETIC DISPLAY 5.E PAPER 20
  • 21. 1. F-OLED DISPLAY • Organic light emitting diodes (OLED) display is another promising technology for flexible flat panel displays. • Works on the principle of ELECTROPHOSPHORESCENCE • Flexible OLEDs are very lightweight and durable. Their use in devices such as cell phones and PDAs can reduce breakage. 21
  • 23. F-OLED DISPLAY HOW IT EMITS LIGHT ?? 1. Electrical current flows from the cathode to the anode through the organic layers,giving electrons to the emissive layer and removing electrons from the conductive layer. 2. Removing electrons from the conductive layer leaves holes that need to be filled with the electrons in the emissive layer. 3. The holes jump to the emissive layer and recombine with the electrons. As the electrons drop into the holes, they release their extra energy as light. 23
  • 24. F-OLED DISPLAY TYPES • PM-FOLEDs have strips of cathode, organic layers and strips of anode. The anode strips are arranged perpendicular to the cathode strips • The intersections of the cathode and anode make up the pixels where light is emitted. • The brightness of each pixel is proportional to the amount of applied current. PASSIVE MATRIX OLED 24
  • 25. F-OLED DISPLAY TYPES • AM-FOLEDs have full layers of cathode, organic molecules and anode, but the anode layer overlays a thin film transistor (TFT) array that forms a matrix. • The TFT array itself is the circuitry that determines which pixels get turned on to form an image. • AM-FOLEDs consume less power than PMOLEDs because the TFT array requires less power than external circuitry, so they are efficient for large displays. ACTIVE MATRIX OLED 25
  • 26. 2. GYRICON DISPLAY STRUCTURE • Gyricon are spherical beads with one black and one white hemisphere. • The spheres are only 100um in diameter and make a display that is only 200um thick. • In the display, the beads are dispersed in a transparent rubber sheet and suspended in oil, allowing it to rotate in response to an electric field. • The electric field is applied by the transparent electrode 26
  • 27. GYRICON DISPLAY WORKING • When voltage is applied to the surface of the sheet, the beads rotate to present one colored side to the viewer. • Voltages can be applied to the surface to create images such as text and pictures. • The image will persist until new voltage patterns are applied. 27
  • 30. COMPARISION Comparison of Flexible Screens (F-OLED's) vs. LCD Screens (LED) Cost Durability Weight Speed Applications Flex Screens (F-OLED) High: Cannot mass produce. Low cost technology isn't available yet. Durable: Mostly made of flexible plastic. Hence it doesn’t shatter. Lighter: Potential to be just a thin sheet of plastic. Faster: More responsive to touch. Unlimited:Can be applied to curved or round services. LCD Screens (LED) Low: Ability to mass produce. Fragile: Screen is made of glass and will shatter Heavier: Requires glass and more support layers. Slower: Older technology Limited: Requires a flat, straight surface. 30
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  • 34. REFERENCES • Cashmore, Peter. "Why Your next Phone Might Be Bendable." CNN. Turner Broacasting System, Inc., n.d. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. <http://www.cnn.com/2011/10/31/tech/innovation/flexible-screens- cashmore/index.html?iref=allsearch>. • Genuth, Iddo. "The Future of Electronic Paper." The Future of Electronic Paper. The Future of Things, 2013. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. <http://thefutureofthings.com/articles/1000/the-future- of-electronic-paper.html>. • Grose, Thomas K. "OLEDs: The Light Idea." Time. Time, 2013. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. <http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2005725,00.html>. • Nikamahjan. "OLED Advantages and Disadvantages." OLED Advantages and Disadvantages. Expertscolumn, 2013. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. <http://expertscolumn.com/content/oled-advantages-and-disadvantages>. • OLED-Info. "Flexible OLED Displays." Flexible OLED Displays. Metalgrass Software, 2013. Web. 15 Apr. 2013. <http://www.oled-info.com/flexible-oled>. 34