2. Introduction
Steps of catalytic reaction
Catalyst characterization
Chemical and surface properties
Catalyst activity testing
Recent trends.
3. 24% of GDP from Products made using catalysts
(Food, Fuels, Clothes, Polymers, Drug, Agro-
chemicals)
> 90 % of petro refining & petrochemicals processes
use catalysts
90 % of processes & 60 % of products in the chemical
industry
> 95% of pollution control technologies
Catalysis in the production/use of alternate fuels
(NG,DME, H2, Fuel Cells, biofuels…)
4. For discovery/use of alternate sources of
energy/fuels/raw material for chemical industry
For Pollution control
For preparation of new materials
(organic & inorganic-eg: Carbon Nanotubes)
5. Industrial catalysis-from 2000+ :-
Solid catalysts for biodiesel
- solid acids, Hydroisom catalysts
Catalysts for carbon nanotubes
- Fe (Ni)-Mo-SiO2
Fordeveloped-mainly improvementinperformancebynewsynthesismethods&useof
promoters
6. Green Chemistry is Catalysis due to:-
Pollution control (air and waste streams;
stationary and mobile)
Clean oxidation/halogenation processes
using O2,H2O2 (C2H4O, C3H6O)
Avoiding toxic chemicals in industry
(HF,COCl2 etc)
Fuel cells (H2 generation)
7. Catalysis in the Chemical Industry:
Hydrogen Industry(coal,NH3,methanol, FT,
hydrogenations/ HDT, fuel cell)
Natural gas processing (SR,ATR,WGS,POX)
Petroleum refining (FCC, HDW, HDT, HCr, REF)
Petrochemicals ( monomers, bulk chemicals)
Fine Chem. ( pharma, agrochemical, fragrance,
textile, coating, surfactants, laundry etc)
Environmental Catalysis ( auto exhaust, deNOx, DOC)
8. Steps of Catalytic Reaction:-
- Diffusion of Reactants (Bulk to Film to Surface)
- Adsorption
- Surface Reaction
- Desorption & Diffusion of Products
13. Bulk Physical Properties
Bulk Chemical Properties
Surface Chemical Properties
Surface Physical Properties
Catalytic Performance
14. Elemental composition (of the final catalyst)
Thermal Analysis(DTA/TGA)
electron microscopy (SEM,TEM)
NMR/IR/UV-Vis Spectrophotometer
bulk & surface structure.
Texture :Surface area- porosity
Counting “Active” Sites:
-Selective chemisorption (H2,CO,O2, NH3,
Pyridine,CO2);Surface reaction (N2O)
Spectra of adsorbed species (IR/EPR/ NMR)
15. Catalyst Activity Testing :
Activity to be expressed as:
- Rate constants from kinetics
- Rates/weight
- Rates/volume
- Conversions at constant P,T and SV.
- Temp required for a given conversion at
constant partial & total pressures
- Space velocity required for a given
conversion at constant pressure and temp
16. Alternative feedstock's, reagents, solvents, products
Enhanced process control
New catalysts
Greater integration of catalysis and reactor engineering:
membrane reactors, micro reactors, monolith technology,
phenomena integration
Increased use of natural gas and biomass as feedstock
Photodecomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen
Catalysts for depolymerizing polymers for recycle of the
monomers
Improvements in fuel cell electrodes and their operation
17. THANKS FOR PROVIDING THIS
OPPURTUNITY AND SPECIAL THANKS
TO MY BROTHER V.A.CHAITANYA.