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the regulation of hormone secretion
1.
2.
3. Chemical messenger produced by endocrine glands.
Endocrine glands are stimulated by three main
components of body
Regulation
of Level of
Specific
Substances
in Blood
Nervous
System
Releasing -Hormones
4. Releasing -Hormones
Hormone that
stimulate the
secretion of
other hormone.
GROWTH
RELEASING-HORMONES
4 main releasinghormones
CORTICOTROPHIN
RELEASING-HORMONES
THYROTROPHIN
RELEASING-HORMONES
GORNADOTROPHIN
RELEASING HORMONES
5.
6. • Also known as Corticotropin-releasing
factor (CRF) or Corticoliberin
• a peptide hormone and neurotransmitter
• found in most vertebrate tissues
• main function is the stimulation of the pituitary
synthesis of ACTH
• ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) modulates
the activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal
axis during stress
7. • "Stressful" situations include
• Regulates important cardiovascular, metabolic,
immunologic, homeostatic functions including
water balance
• Abnormally high levels of CRH have been found
in the cerebrospinal fluid of people that have
committed suicide
10. • secreted by the paraventricular nucleus (PVN)
of the hypothalamus
• also synthesized in peripheral tissues, such as
T-lymphocytes , and is highly expressed in the
placenta
• In the placenta, CRH is a marker that
determines the length of gestation and the
timing of parturition and delivery
11.
12. Also called thyrotropin-releasing factor (TRF).
Produced by the hypothalamus in medial
neurons of the paraventricular nucleus.
It is a tropic, tripeptidal hormone that
stimulates the release of Thyroid-stimulating
hormone (TSH) and prolactin from the
anterior pituitary.
13. • It travels across the median eminence
to the anterior pituitary gland via the
hypophyseal portal system.
• Then, stimulates the release of
thyroid-stimulating hormone from cells
called thyrotropes.
• Excess levels of TSH inhibit dopamine
which will then stimulate the release
of prolactin which in turn decreases
Gonadotropin-releasing
hormone
(GnRH).
14. • TSH regulates follicular cells of the thyroid
gland to produce Thyroid hormones (T4
and T3).
• T4 and T3 are crucial for metabolism rate
regulation and which will affect the whole
body cells metabolism and growth.
• Prolactin is to induce the expression milk
(lactation).
• It also has several secondary effects
including downgrading levels of testerone
and estrogen, stimulate the formation of
myelin, and many others.
15. The secretion of TRH which stimulating the secretion of TSH and other hormones in human.
19. Characteristics
• Trophicpeptide hormone.
• Synthesized from hypothalamus.
• The peptide belongs to
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
family.
Functions
• Control the release of folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) and
luteinizing hormone (LH) from
anterior pituitary.
21. Male
GnRH is secreted
at a constant
frequency.
Female
Frequency
impulses varies
during menstrual
cycle.
A large amount of
GnRH will be
released just
before ovulation.
22.
23.
24. • known as growth-hormone-releasing factor (GRF,
GHRF)
• Example: somatoliberin or somatocrinin
• 44[1]-amino acid peptide hormone
• produced in the arcuate nucleus of the
hypothalamus
• appears in the human hypothalamus between 18
and 29 weeks of gestation
• It corresponds to the start of production of growth
hormone and other somatotropes in fetuses
25. ORIGIN OF(GHRH)
• released from neurosecretory nerve terminals
of the arcuate neurons
• carried by the hypothalamo-hypophyseal
portal system to the anterior pituitary gland
• This will stimulates growth hormone (GH)
secretion by stimulating the (GHRH) receptor
• released in a pulsatile manner
• GHRH also promotes slow-wave sleep directly
26. Growth hormone is required for
normal postnatal
growth
bone growth
regulatory effects on protein,
carbohydrate, and lipid
metabolism
Effect
GHRH stimulates
GH production
Release; by binding
to the GHRH
Receptor (GHRHR)
on cells in the
anterior pituitary
