Freud believed that personality develops through five psychosexual stages - oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. At each stage, the libido or pleasure focus is in a different erogenous zone. Fixation can occur if needs are under- or over-gratified at a stage, resulting in unresolved conflicts. The phallic stage involves the Oedipus complex where children desire the opposite-sex parent. Resolving this helps one identify with the same-sex parent and progress to the latency stage of subdued sexuality and developing other skills. The genital stage begins puberty where sexual pleasure comes from outside the family.

1. Psychosexual
Development
Theory of Sigmund Freud

2. What is psychosexual
development?
 Freud believed that adult
personality problems were
the result of early
experiences in life.
 He believed that we go
through five stages of
psychosexual development
and that at each stage of
development we
experience pleasure in one
part of the body than in
others.

3. What are erogenous zones?
 Erogenous zones
are parts of the
body that have
especially strong
pleasure-giving
qualities at
particular stages of
development.

4. What is psychosexual
development?
 Freud thought that
our adult personality
is determined by the
way we resolve
conflicts between
these early sources
of pleasure—the
mouth, the anus and
the genitals—and the
demands of reality.

5. What is fixation?
 Fixation is the
psychoanalytic
defense
mechanism that
occurs when the
individual remains
locked in an
earlier
developmental
stage because
needs are under-
or over-gratified

6. Examples of fixation
 Weaning a child too
early or until too late
 Being too strict in toilet
training the child
 Punishing the child for
masturbation
 Smothering the child
with too much
attention

7. Stages of
Psychosexual Development

8. I. Oral Stage
 It occurs during the
first 18 months of life
when the infant’s
pleasure centers on
the mouth.
 Chewing, sucking
and biting are chief
sources of pleasure
and these actions
reduces tension in
the infant.

9. Fixations at oral stage:

10. Fixations at oral stage:

11. II. Anal Stage
 It is the second stage
of oral development
that occurs between 1
½ until 3 years of age,
in which the child’s
greatest pleasure
involves the anus or
the eliminative
functions associated
with it.

12. II. Anal Stage
 In Freud’s view, the
exercise of anal
muscles reduces
tension.

13. II. Anal Stage
 Through toilet
training, the
child comes in
contact with the
rules of society.

14. Fixations at anal stage:

15. Fixations at anal stage:

16. III. Phallic Stage
 It occurs between the
ages of 3-6.
 The word “phallic” comes
the Latin word “phallus,”
which means “penis.”
 During this stage,
pleasure focuses on the
genitals as the child
discovers that self-
stimulation is enjoyable.

17. Importance of Phallic Stage
 In Freud’s view, the
phallic stage has a
special importance in
personality
development because
this period triggers
the Oedipus
Complex.

18. What is the Oedipus Complex?
 The Oedipus
Complex is the
young child’s
development of an
intense desire to
replace the parent
of the same sex
and enjoy the
affection of the
opposite-sex
parent.

19. Resolving the Oedipus Complex
 At about 5-6 years of age,
children recognize that their
same-sex parent might punish
them for their incestuous
wishes.
 To reduce the conflict, the
child identifies with the same-
sex parent, striving to be like
him/her.
 If the conflict is not resolved,
the individual may become
fixated at the phallic stage.

20. Fixation at Phallic Stage

21. Fixation at Phallic Stage

22. IV. Latency Stage
 It occurs at
approximately
between 6 years of
age until puberty.
 At this stage, the
child represses all
interest in
sexuality and
develops social and
intellectual skills.

23. IV. Latency Stage
 The pursuit of social
and academic
activities channels
much of the child’s
energy into
emotionally safe
areas and aids the
child in forgetting
the highly stressful
conflicts of the
phallic stage

24. V. Genital Stage
 The final stage of
psychosexual
development occurs
from puberty onwards.
 It is the time of sexual
reawakening, but the
source of sexual
pleasure now becomes
someone outside the
family.

25. V. Genital Stage
 Freud believed that
unresolved conflicts
with parents re-
emerged during
adolescence.
 Once resolved, Freud
believed that the
individual capable of
developing a mature
love relationship and
functioning
independently as an
adult.

26. Freud’s
sexual
fixation