2009新人ゼミ資料。 スケジューラを切り口とした各種OSの話。広く浅く。

1. OS
2009.06.22
warawara@bug.co.jp

2. kernel
OS Windows XP NT kernel
MacOS X mach
CPU kernel CPU
Process Thread Task

3. OS
OS

4. OS
OS

5. CPU
CPU

6. CPU
CPU

7. MB CPU
CPU
CPU
Cache, MMU, NUMA, Xen
Core
Core
Core
Core
HT
HT

13. MS-DOS
OS

18. Task A
Task B
Task B

21. Windows 3.1
System7.0, MacOS8~9
PalmOS
Protothreads
μITRON

22. non-preemptive
Windows
1.0/2.x/3.x
Windows 3.1
System7.0, MacOS8~9
PalmOS Switch-case
Protothreads
μITRON

24. Task A
Task B
Task B

26. Thread Manager(System7.5 )

27. Thread Manager(System7.5 )
Preemptive

31. Windows 9x
Windows NT
MacOS X(mach)
UNIX/Linux
RTOS
...

32. preemptive multitask
Windows
95/98/Me
Windows 9x
Windows NT3.x/
4.0/2000/Xp/Vista/7 Windows NT
MacOS X(mach)
SVR4, 4.4BSD, ...
UNIX/Linux VxWorks, QNX,
ThreadX, ...
RTOS
...

37. ...
...

39. !
!
!
!

40. !
!
!
!

41. !
! !
! !
! !

42. !
! !
! !
! !

43. ! !
! !
! ! !
! ! !

44. ! !
! !
! ! !
! ! !

45. ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! !

46. ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! !

47. FIFO
Round Robin

48. FIFO
Task D Task D
Task C Round Robin
Task C
Task B Task B
Task A Task A

50. I/O
(nice )

51. I/O
I/O
(nice )
I/O (
)
CPU

53. Sem

54. Sem
Sem

55. Sem
Sem
Sem

56. Sem
Sem
Sem

57. Sem
VxWorks
(1997)
Sem
Sem

61. Non-preemptive kernel
Preemptive kernel
Preemptive kernel

62. Non-preemptive kernel

63. Preemptive kernel

64. Preemptive kernel
SVR4

66. vs

67. I/O vs
...

68. Ready Queue
vs
CPU Ready Queue

69. vs
Kernel User
MacOS X, BeOS, NeXTstep, ...

71. (RTOS , Solaris)
(Linux 2.2 )
IRQ (Linux 2.4, WindowsNT )
(Linux 2.6)

72. (RTOS )
(Linux 2.2 )
IRQ (Linux 2.4, WindowsNT )
(Linux 2.6)

73. (RTOS , Solaris)
(Linux 2.2 )
IRQ (Linux 2.4, WindowsNT )
(Linux 2.6)

74. (RTOS , Solaris)
(Linux 2.2 )
IRQ (Linux 2.4, WindowsNT )
(Linux 2.6)

75. (RTOS )
Linux2.4/Windows NT IRQ
( CPU )
(Linux 2.2 )
IRQ (Linux 2.4, WindowsNT )
(Linux 2.6)

76. (RTOS )
IRQ
CPU
(Linux 2.2 )
IRQ ...
IRQ (Linux 2.4, WindowsNT )
(Linux 2.6)

79. 4.3BSD(SVR3)
1tick=10msec( )
( )
=32 ( )
4tick
100tick(1sec)
I/O Ready

80. 4.3BSD(SVR3)
1tick=10msec( )
( )
=32
4tick
100tick(1sec)
I/O Ready

81. 4.3BSD(SVR3)
1tick=10msec( )
( )
=32
0 127( )
0 49 Kernel (Sleep )
4tick 50 127
100tick(1sec)
I/O Ready

82. 4.3BSD(SVR3)
1tick=10msec( )
( )
=32
CPU (tick )
4tick (SVR3=0.5)
4.3BSD
100tick(1sec)
I/O Ready

83. 4.3BSD(SVR3)
1tick=10msec( )
( )
=32
4tick Ready Queue 32
Queue
100tick(1sec)100msec (4.3BSD) Round Robin
I/O Ready

84. 4.3BSD(SVR3)
1tick=10msec( )
( )
=32
1
4tick
100tick(1sec)
I/O Ready

85. WindowsNT
1tick=20msec
Ready Queue(0 31)

86. WindowsNT
Windows9x 1tick=20msec
1tick=20msec
Ready Queue(0 31)

87. WindowsNT
1tick=20msec
Ready
0 31(
(0
)
31)
0 15
16 31
(-2 +2)
REALTIME_PRIORITY_CLASS 24
HIGH_PRIORITY_CLASS 13
NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS 7(background) or 9(foreground)
IDLE_PRIORITY_CLASS 4

88. WindowsNT
1tick=20msec
Ready Queue(0 31)
0 15
foreground (background )
( 1 )

89. WindowsNT
1tick=20msec
Ready Queue(0 31)
CPU( ) ( )

90. SVR4
Ready (0 160)
preemptive
(mutex, )

91. SVR4
Ready (0 160)
preemptive
(mutex, )

92. SVR4
Ready (0 160)
Round Robin
preemptive
(mutex, )

93. SVR4
Ready
0 159( (0 ) 160)
0 59
60 99
preemptive
100 159
※
(mutex, )

94. SVR4
Ready (0 160)
preemptive
→
→
(mutex,
→
)

95. SVR4
Ready (0 160)
preemptive
(mutex, )

96. SVR4
Ready (0 160)
CPU
preemptive
(mutex, )

97. Solaris2.6
1tick=10msec( )
CPU Dispatch Queue
LWP
Preemptive

98. Solaris2.6
SVR4
1tick=10msec( )
CPU Dispatch Queue
LWP
Preemptive

99. Solaris2.6
1tick=10msec( )
0 169( ) 0 169( )
60 99
CPU
SYS(System)
Dispatch Queue
0 59 TS(Time Share) , IA(Interactive)
100 159 RT(Realtime)
160 169
LWP
Preemptive

100. Solaris2.6
1tick=10msec( )
LWP(Light Weight Process)
CPU Dispatch Queue
LWP
Preemptive

101. Solaris2.6
1tick=10msec( )
Non-preemption
CPU Dispatch Queue
thread_create()
pause_cpus()
LWP HAT, MMU
Preemptive

102. NORTi(μITRON4)
1tick=10msec(NORTi)
(RealTime )
Ready
FIFO
(mutex)

103. NORTi(μITRON4)
1tick=10msec(NORTi)
(RealTime )
Ready
FIFO
(mutex)

104. NORTi(μITRON4)
1tick=10msec(NORTi)
(RealTime )
1 Ready
31( )
※
FIFO
OS (mutex)

105. NORTi(μITRON4)
1tick=10msec(NORTi)
(RealTime )
Ready
FIFO
FIFO
(mutex)
Round Robin Ready Queue

106. Linux 2.4
1tick=10msec( )
Ready Queue
CPU

107. Linux 2.4
1tick=10msec( )
1 99( )
Ready Queue
200msec
SCHED_FIFO
SCHED_RR Round Robin
SCHED_OTHER 4.3BSD
CPU

108. Linux 2.4
1 Ready Queue (goodness)
CPU 1
1tick=10msec( ) goodness = 0
(1~99) goodness = 1000 +
goodness =
goodness 0
→ Ready Queue
CPU

109. Linux 2.4
1tick=10msec( )
Ready Queue
I/O
I/O DB
CPU
CPU Non-preemptive

110. Linux 2.6
1tick=1msec( )
,CPU Ready Queue
Preemptive
Kernel CPU
Active Queue Expire Queue

111. Linux 2.6
1tick=1msec( )
v2.6.13 4msec
BeOS 3msec
,CPU Ready Queue
Preemptive
Kernel CPU
Active Queue Expire Queue

112. Linux 2.6
SCHED_FIFO
1tick=1msec( )
,CPU1 139(
Ready Queue
)
1 99
Preemptive 100 139
Kernel CPU
Active Queue Expire Queue

113. Linux 2.6
SCHED_FIFO
1tick=1msec( )
SCHED_RR Round Robin
,CPU Ready Queue (msec)
0~99 5
SCHED_OTHER 4.3BSD 100~199 4
SCHED_BAT
Preemptive 200~299 3
300~399 2
Kernel CPU 400~499 1
500~599 0
Active Queue Expire Queue 600~699 -1
...
900~999 -4
1sec -5

114. Linux 2.6
Bonus
800 139
(msec)
( ) Bonus=0
600 Bonus=10
126
400
113
200
0 100
100 113 126 139 100 113 126 139
Bonus
Bonus
1
Bonus=0
Bonus=2
Bonus=5
Bonus=10
Bonus
0
100 113 126 139

115. Linux 2.6
O(1)
Active Queue Expire Queue
100 Task A Task B Task C 100
101 Task D 101
102 Task E 102
103 103
...
...
138 Task F 138
139 139
CPU

116. Linux 2.6
O(1)
Active Queue Expire Queue
100 Task B Task C 100 Task A
101 Task D 101
102 Task E 102
103 103
...
...
138 Task F 138
139 139
CPU

117. Linux 2.6
O(1)
Active Queue Expire Queue
100 100 Task A Task B Task C
101 101 Task D
102 102 Task E
103 103
...
...
138 138 Task F
139 139

118. Linux 2.6
O(1)
Expire Queue Active Queue
100 100 Task A Task B Task C
101 101 Task D
102 102 Task E
103 103
...
...
138 138 Task F
139 139

119. Linux 2.6.23
CFS(Completely Fair Scheduler)
Queue
Queue Tree

120. Linux 2.6.23
CFS(Completely Fair Scheduler)
CPU
CPU
Queue
Queue Tree

121. Linux 2.6.23
CFS(Completely Fair Scheduler)
Queue
Queue Tree

122. Linux 2.6.23
CFS(Completely Fair Scheduler)
Queue
Queue Tree

123. Xen
bvt (borrowed virtual time)
MB
MB
MB
CPU
sedf(Simple Early Deadline First)
CPU
CPU
CPU
CPU
CPU
credit
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
HT
HT
HT
HT
HT
HT

124. Xen
bvt (borrowed virtual time)
MB
MB
MB
CPU
sedf(Simple Early Deadline First)
CPU
CPU v3.0.2
CPU
CPU
CPU
credit
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
HT
HT
HT
HT
HT
HT

125. Xen
bvt (borrowed virtual time)
MB
MB
MB
CPU
sedf(Simple Early Deadline First)
CPU
CPU
CPU
CPU
CPU
credit
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core CPU Deadline
Core
Core
Runnable Queue Wait Queue CPU
HT
HT
HT
HT bvt sedf SMP =CPU
HT
HT

126. Xen
bvt (borrowed virtual time)
MB
MB
MB
CPU
sedf(Simple Early Deadline First)
CPU
CPU
CPU
CPU
CPU
credit
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
CPU Run Queue Run Queue
HT
HT credit credit CPU
HT
HT
HT
HT CPU credit UNDER credit OVER
UNDER
credit 10msec credit 0
weight

128. I/O

129. I/O
I/O Queue
Queue 4
Linux2.6

130. I/O
No Operation
Queue

131. I/O
Complete Fairness Queueing
ID 64
Round Robin

132. I/O
Deadline
4 Queue Queue Deadline Queue / Queue
Deadline Queue
Queue
500msec
5sec

133. I/O
Anticipatory
125msec 250msec
I/O
7msec

134. Q&A

135. Fin.