How do alpine mountain communities adapt to the environment in an era of resource scarcity and constraints? Forest and pastures management, socio economic practices and development models in Val di Ledro, Trentino [Cristina Orsatti]
How do alpine mountain communities adapt to the environment in an era of resource scarcity and constraints? Forest and pastures management, socio economic practices and development models in Val di Ledro, Trentino. Presented by Cristina Orsatti at the "Perth II: Global Change and the World's Mountains" conference in Perth, Scotland in September 2010.
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How do alpine mountain communities adapt to the environment in an era of resource scarcity and constraints? Forest and pastures management, socio economic practices and development models in Val di Ledro, Trentino [Cristina Orsatti]
1. How do alpine mountain communities adapt to the
environment in an era of resource scarcity and
constraints? Forest and pastures management, socio
economic practices and development models in Val
di Ledro, Trentino
Orsatti C. Gretter A. Scolozzi R. Marelli B.
2. Outline of the presentation
Research question
Background of Field work in Val di Ledro
The valley as a complex net of relations
Interdisciplinary approach, mixed methods
research
Documenting the context, mapping skills and
practices mapping the landscape
Development practices with regard to forest and
pastures
Towards a topology of practices and decision-
making support guidelines?
3. OPENLOC project “Public policies and local
development: innovation policy and its effects on
locally embedded global dynamics”
WP “Social and natural capital: the possible contribution
to local development in a global context”
Obstacles
Which role?
potentials How do we measure? Competitive
Social Natural local system
capital capital
Sustainable Development
Role of (policies)
tacit Which resources?
knowledge?
Limiting Which use of resources and practices
factors? Within which models of development
Opportunities? Which assessments?
4. Study area
LEDRO: 156 Kmq;
5.600 residents;
800.000 overnights
5. The valley as a complex system
of networks of relations
Different and complex development models respect to what
is perceived as traditional or innovative
Parochialism, mindset and waste of resources. Mutual work
practices carried out by grazers and tourism entrepreneurs
Multiple scales of governance create contradictions
Tensions and conflicts are between a certain type of
economic development models and preservation of natural
assets
7. Documenting the context, mapping
skills and practices, mapping the
landscape
People develop their own ways of doing things but in
environmental contexts structured by the presence
and activities of their predecessors
(Ingold and Kurtila 2000)
Context (Dilley, 1999) needs to be considered also a
site of creativity and “place making”
(Raffles, 2002)
12. F O R E S T
Until XVIII C the wood production of Ledro Valley was flourishing.
1980s: Locals invest in new wood transformation processes
90% raw material is external & immigration flows of external
workers.
Leading wood production districts in Trento (13 sawmills, 250
workers). Within 6 km, 130,000 m³ of round wood are produced
annually.
MANAGEMENT
Collective vision Associative tendency or individualism
Internal sustain “extra-local” processes
13. P A S T U R E
Grassland (and buildings) are community’s properties since XIV C.
From 1950s crisis in the sector (then biodiversity has declined?)
In the past each family had interest in their management.
Nowadays decrease in relations of reciprocity transcending the
work being done by malga keepers.
Once “vertical transhumance”. Nowadays increased residence at
valley floor for diary production purposes potential of
producing negative goods and services (water, milk quality).
Risk of lack of knowledge and cultural transmission between
generations as well amongst stakeholders and not enough human
resources in managing them. Loss of Social Capital intuitive and
tacit forms of indigenous and sustainable knowledge are
disappearing
A new consciousness on the value of ecosystems has emerged
quite recently e.g. areas of priority interest conservation (EU
14. PASTURE MANAGEMENT
“Malghe” (traditional alpine grassland
farming structure) are underused and
undervalued
Risk of lacking of human resources,
Lack of communication, accountability
and evaluation in relation to governance
scale.
Community’s relevance relevance
of community (of “malgari”)
Herder/sheperd Manager
Internal processes inglobate
“extra-local” processes
15. Towards a topology of practices
and decision-making support
guidelines?
The multiple methods/practices aim at offering more
dimensions to space. As a social and political construct:
identifying places, perceptions and practices of use and
production of resources in places. Then providing ways
of interpreting their mutual relationship with dwellers,
administrators, planners at different scales of
“governance”, revealing complexity of dynamics.
• Without an holistic approach embracing all the inter-
relations it is impossible to understand what is likely (to
be) sustainable within a specific territory (and suggest
policies for Local Development).
• The need of sustainability assessments of practices to
promote what is already sustainable and strategically
think for the future appears more and more urgent.
16. Thank you very much for your attention
alessandro.gretter@iasma.it
cristina.orsatti@iasma.it
Knautia baldensis
Ledro endemism
(dependent on grassland and pasture!)