SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 14
Environmental Pollution
Uday Kumar Shil
12-3-20-0025
Department of Applied Sociology
ASA University Bangladesh (ASAUB)
Introduction
โ€ข Pollution has become the first enemy of the
mankind. Industrial revolution of 19th century
led to environmental disaster. The whole world
is now more afraid of pollution rather than
nuclear blast. Technological advancement has
brought revolutionary changes in life style and
national economy with overwhelming power
over nature. The protection of environment
has become a major issue around the global
for the well being of the people and economic
development.
What is Pollution?
โ€ข Pollution, we hear it every other day at school,
college and read about it in newspapers. So what is
it? Pollution occurs when pollutants contaminate the
natural surroundings; which brings about changes
that affect our normal lifestyles adversely. Pollutants
are the key elements or components of pollution
which are generally waste materials of different
forms. Pollution disturbs our ecosystem and the
balance in the environment. With modernization and
development in our lives pollution has reached its
peak; giving rise to global warming and human
illness.
Environmental Pollution
โ€ข Environmental pollution is โ€œthe contamination of the physical and
biological components of the earth/atmosphere system to such an
extent that normal environmental processes are adversely
affectedโ€.
โ€ข Environmental pollution is defined as the undesirable change in
physical, chemical and biological characteristics of our air, land
and water. As a result of over-population, rapid industrializations,
and other human activities like agriculture and deforestation etc.,
earth became loaded with diverse pollutants that were released as
by-products.
โ€ข Environmental pollution is the introduction of harmful pollutants
into a certain environment that make an environment unhealthy to
live in. The widespread pollutants are usually chemicals, garbage,
and wastewater. Environmental pollution is happening in multifold
parts of Earth usually in the form of air and water pollution.
Causes of Environmental Pollution
โ€ข 1. Industries: Industries have been polluting our environment especially since
the beginning of the industrial revolution, as mentioned above, notably due to
the increasing use of fossil fuels. In the 19th
century and for a significant part of
the 20th
century, coal has been use to make machines work faster, replacing
human force. Though pollution by industries mainly causes air pollution, soil
and water contamination can also occur. This is particularly the case for power-
generating industries, such as plants producing electricity (May they be a dam,
a nuclear reactor or some other type of plant).
โ€ข Also, the transportation of this energy can be harmful to the environment. We
can take as an example the transportation of petrol through pipelines; if there is
a leak in the pipeline, soil will automatically be polluted. At the same time, if the
tanker transporting the petrol from its production plant to the place where it will
be consumed leaks or sinks, the water will get contaminated.
โ€ข 2. Transportation: Ever since men abandoned animal power to travel,
pollution of the environment has become higher and higher. Its levels have only
been increasing until now. Similarly to industries, pollution caused by transport
can mainly be attributed to fossil fuels. Indeed, humans went from horse
carriages to cars, trains (which, before electricity, used to be propelled by coal),
and airplanes. As the traffic is increasing every day, pollution follows that
evolution.
Causes of Environmental Pollution (Contโ€ฆ)
โ€ข 3. Agricultural Activities: Agriculture is mainly responsible for the contamination
of water and soil. This is caused by the increased use of pesticides, as well as by
the intensive character of its production. Almost all pesticides are made from
chemical substances and are meant to keep diseases and threatening animals
away from the crops. However, by keeping these forms of life away, harm is
almost always made to the surrounding environment as well.
โ€ข Furthermore, as agriculture gets more and more intensive to feed the increasing
world population, more environments and ecosystems are destroyed to make
space for the crops. Some of them, like rapeseed โ€“used to make oil โ€“ demand a
lot of space for a relatively small output.
โ€ข 4. Trading Activities: Trading activities including the production and exchange of
goods and services. Concerning goods, pollution can be caused by packaging
(which often involves the use of plastic, which is made from fossil fuels) or
transport, mainly.
โ€ข 5. Residences: Finally, residential areas provide their fair share of pollution as
well. First, to be able to build homes, natural environment has to be destroyed in
one way or another. Wildlife and plants are driven away and replaced by human
constructions. As it requires the work of industries, construction itself is also a
source of contamination of the environment. Then, when people settle in, they will
produce waste every day, including a part that cannot be processed by the
environment without harm yet.
Effects of Environmental Pollution
โ€ข 1. Effects on Humans: The effects of environmental pollution on humans are
mainly physical, but can also turn into neuro-affections in the long term. The
best-known troubles to us are respiratory, in the form of allergies, asthma,
irritation of the eyes and nasal passages, or other forms of respiratory infections.
Notably, these well spread affections can be observed when air pollution is high
in cities, when the weather gets hot, for instance. On top of that, environmental
pollution has been proven to be a major factor in the development of cancer.
This can happen for example when we eat reminiscences of pollutants used in
the production of processed foods, or pesticides from the crops. Other, rarer,
diseases include hepatitis, typhoid affections, diarrhoea and hormonal
disruptions.
โ€ข 2. Effects on Animals: Environmental pollution mainly affects animal by causing
harm to their living environment, making it toxic for them to live in. Acid rains can
change the composition of rivers and seas, making them toxic for fishes, an
important quantity of ozone in the lower parts of the atmosphere can cause lung
problems to all animals. Nitrogen and phosphates in water will cause overgrowth
of toxic algae, preventing other forms of life to follow their normal course.
Eventually, soil pollution will cause harm and sometimes even the destruction of
microorganisms, which can have the dramatic effect of killing the first layers of
the primary food chain.
Effects of Environmental Pollution (Contโ€ฆ)
โ€ข 3. Effects on Plants: As for animals, plants, and
especially trees, can be destroyed by acid rains
(and this will also have a negative effect on animals
as well, as their natural environment will be
modified), ozone in the lower atmosphere block the
plant respiration, and harmful pollutants can be
absorbed from the water or soil.
โ€ข 4. Effects on the Ecosystem: In short,
environmental pollution, almost exclusively created
by human activities, has a negative effect on the
ecosystem, destroying crucial layers of it and
causing an even more negative effect on the upper
layers.
Ranking Position in Bangladesh of Environmental
Pollution
โ€ข Bangladesh has been ranked fourth among 91
countries with worst urban air quality in the latest
air pollution monitoring report of World Health
Organisation (WHO).
โ€ข Moreover, three Bangladeshi cities have been
put among the top 25 cities with poorest air.
The 2014 version of the Ambient Air Pollution
(AAP) database consists mainly of urban air
quality data of 1600 cities from 91 countries.
(Source: The Daily Star, May 09, 2014)
GOVERNMENTAL STEPS FOR POLLUTION CONTROL IN BANGLADESH
The โ€˜Ministry of Environment and Forest (MOEF)โ€™ of Bangladesh is primarily responsible for
environmental protection. It was created in 1989. The MOEF has taken some steps to control the
environmental pollution of Bangladesh.
National Environmental Management Action Plan (NEMAP): The government has taken a project
named NEMAP to integrate environment with the development in a policy framework. It provides a
guideline for promoting effective management of resources, raising awareness among the people
and improvement of environmental degradation.
Environmental Acts, Rules and Laws: The government of Bangladesh has modified environmental
acts, rules and laws to improve environmental condition. Environment court has already been
established to take prompt legal action against environmental pollution. The DOE has been
empowered to punish the offenders of environmental rules.
Control of Air Pollution: Recently the DOE has taken some measures to carry out surveys on
identification and control of polluting industries, protecting habitats, examining the use of
compressed natural gas in industries, setting environmental standards and controlling river and
automobile pollution on environmental management. It also conducts vehicular emission
measurements at Dhaka city.
Banning of Polyethylene Bags: Most of the sewage lines of Dhaka city have been blocked by
indiscriminate dumping of polyethylene bags over the years. As such, the government has banned
the production, marketing and use of polyethylene bags up to 20 microns thick or less from 01
March 2002.
Urban Transport Project: A Urban Transport Project has been launched by the Government to
improve traffic system, envisage good bus services, improve road networks by constructing over-
bridges, fly-overs, underpasses and envisages a positive role for non-motorized transport.
โ€ข 2003 to implement the facilitation, construction and installation of twin pit latrine. It improves rural
sanitation coverage and reduces infectious diseases in rural areas.
GOVERNMENTAL STEPS FOR POLLUTION CONTROL
IN BANGLADESH (Contโ€ฆ)
Embargo on Import of Items: The government has banned the import of leaded petrol,
high sulfur diesel and high sulfur coal. The government has also encouraged to use
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) to the automobiles. Bangladesh Road Transport
Authority (BRTA) has restricted the registration on two stroke three wheelers.
Control of Arsenic Pollution: The Government has taken four Strategies to mitigate the
arsenic problem. These are as follows:
(1). Immediate detection of the arsenic effected patients and ensure their proper treatment.
(2). Identify the arsenic contaminated tube wells, labeled them with red colour for danger
ones and green with safe ones.
(3). Detect the reasons for arsenic contamination in soil water and find out the sources of
safe drinking water.
(4). Conduct health education campaigns and grow awareness among the people.
Knowledge Enrichment Programme: Environmental education program has been
incorporated in primary and higher education. Many universities have introduced
various curriculum and projects on environmental issue. Government organizations as
well as NGOs present meetings and seminars to arise public awareness on the
environmental issue.
Rural Sanitation Programme: The Bangladesh Government has taken a rural sanitation
programme from October
SUGGESTED STEPS FOR POLLUTION CONTROL
The government has taken some steps to improve the pollution control
of Bangladesh. But the steps are not adequate. As such, few more
steps may also be taken to improve the environmental degradation:
Use of Environmental Technologies and Methods: Environmental
technologies and methods such as Geographic Information Systems
(GIS), remote sensing and environmental impact assessment might
be used for integrated policy formulation, decision-making,
evaluation and monitoring of environment.
Development of Environmental Database: A comprehensive
environmental database may be made and the environmental
planners might have the access for environmental up-gradation,
planning and management The database is to be updated regularly.
Environmental Education and Awareness: Formal and informal
methods of education might be adopted through local media,
seminars, celebrations, workshops, walks and student competitions
to aware the people regarding the process of environmental
SUGGESTED STEPS FOR POLLUTION CONTROL (Contโ€ฆ)
Industrial and Solid Waste Management: The government might take appropriate
measures to monitor emission limits and Market Based Incentives (MBI) for
reducing pollution control. The industries might be given both technical and
financial support for introducing mitigation measures, promoting green
technologies, using less pollution technologies and recycling the waste.
Enforcement of Rules and Regulation: Environmental Conservation Rules of 1997,
traffic rules and other relevant environmental laws might be enforced further to
punish the violation of the emission limits.
Urban Transport Management: Government must strengthen vehicle emission
standards, complete the emission inventory and conduct an investigation on the
emission control measures. Auto-rickshaw must be restricted in Dhaka city.
Government must replace old vehicles, two-stroke engine vehicles, improve
traffic conditions and promote an equivalent and efficient alternative public
transportation services to improve urban transport management.
Reduce Sulfur in Diesel: Government must take necessary steps to remove sulfur
content from diesel through hydro-desulphurization (HDS) process. The
government must also enforce the vehicle manufacturers to install catalytic
converters in every vehicle to reduce the vehicular emissions.
Conclusion
โ€ข Environmental pollution is causing a lot of distress not only to humans
but also animals, driving many animal species to endangerment and
even extinction.
โ€ข The transboundary nature of environmental pollution makes it even
more difficult to manage it โ€“ you cannot build brick walls along the
borders of your country or put customs cabins at every point of entry to
regulate its flows into your country.
โ€ข Everything on our planet is interconnected, and while the nature
supplies us with valuable environmental services without which we
cannot exist, we all depend on each otherโ€™s actions and the way we
treat natural resources.
โ€ข Itโ€™s widely recognized that we are hugely overspending our current
budget of natural resources โ€“ at the existing rates of its exploitation,
there is no way for the environment to recover in good time and continue
โ€œperformingโ€ well in the future.
โ€ข Perhaps we should adopt a holistic view of nature โ€“ it is not an entity
that exists separately from us; the nature is us, we are an inalienable
part of it, and we should care for it in the most appropriate manner. Only
then can we possibly solve the problem of environmental pollution.

More Related Content

What's hot

Soil pollution ppt
Soil pollution pptSoil pollution ppt
Soil pollution pptkavya sri
ย 
Environment Pollution
Environment PollutionEnvironment Pollution
Environment PollutionManish Aggarwall
ย 
Air pollution: source, effect and cont
Air pollution: source, effect and contAir pollution: source, effect and cont
Air pollution: source, effect and contAnas Indabawa
ย 
Environmental Pollution - Causes, Effects and Control Measures
Environmental Pollution - Causes, Effects and Control MeasuresEnvironmental Pollution - Causes, Effects and Control Measures
Environmental Pollution - Causes, Effects and Control MeasuresShanmugaraj M
ย 
Land pollution
Land pollutionLand pollution
Land pollutionAakash Solanki
ย 
Environment issues.ppt
Environment issues.pptEnvironment issues.ppt
Environment issues.pptaliasgherkanch
ย 
Environmental studies
Environmental studiesEnvironmental studies
Environmental studiesVijay Hemmadi
ย 
Industry and environment
Industry and environmentIndustry and environment
Industry and environmentzafrid hussain
ย 
Public awareness to protect environment
Public awareness to protect environmentPublic awareness to protect environment
Public awareness to protect environmentAbhilasha Lahigude
ย 
Air pollution sources
Air pollution   sourcesAir pollution   sources
Air pollution sourcesAnirban Mandal
ย 
Environmental pollution
Environmental pollutionEnvironmental pollution
Environmental pollutionSnehal Patel
ย 
What is Environment? Types and components of environment.
What is Environment? Types and components of environment.What is Environment? Types and components of environment.
What is Environment? Types and components of environment.Muhammad awais Aslam
ย 
Ozone Depletion
Ozone DepletionOzone Depletion
Ozone DepletionRabia Aziz
ย 
soil pollution
soil pollutionsoil pollution
soil pollutionAvni Shah
ย 
Environmental pollution causes & effect
Environmental pollution causes & effectEnvironmental pollution causes & effect
Environmental pollution causes & effectVivek Deshmukh
ย 
Environment ppt
Environment pptEnvironment ppt
Environment pptUrvil Shah
ย 
Effects of water pollution
Effects of water pollutionEffects of water pollution
Effects of water pollutionAdarsh Bimod
ย 
Effects of air pollution m3
Effects of air pollution m3 Effects of air pollution m3
Effects of air pollution m3 Bibhabasu Mohanty
ย 
Water pollution causes and effects
Water pollution causes and effectsWater pollution causes and effects
Water pollution causes and effectsNarendra Singh Plaha
ย 

What's hot (20)

Soil pollution ppt
Soil pollution pptSoil pollution ppt
Soil pollution ppt
ย 
Environment Pollution
Environment PollutionEnvironment Pollution
Environment Pollution
ย 
Air pollution: source, effect and cont
Air pollution: source, effect and contAir pollution: source, effect and cont
Air pollution: source, effect and cont
ย 
Environmental Pollution - Causes, Effects and Control Measures
Environmental Pollution - Causes, Effects and Control MeasuresEnvironmental Pollution - Causes, Effects and Control Measures
Environmental Pollution - Causes, Effects and Control Measures
ย 
Land pollution
Land pollutionLand pollution
Land pollution
ย 
Environment issues.ppt
Environment issues.pptEnvironment issues.ppt
Environment issues.ppt
ย 
Environmental studies
Environmental studiesEnvironmental studies
Environmental studies
ย 
Industry and environment
Industry and environmentIndustry and environment
Industry and environment
ย 
Public awareness to protect environment
Public awareness to protect environmentPublic awareness to protect environment
Public awareness to protect environment
ย 
Air pollution sources
Air pollution   sourcesAir pollution   sources
Air pollution sources
ย 
Environmental pollution
Environmental pollutionEnvironmental pollution
Environmental pollution
ย 
What is Environment? Types and components of environment.
What is Environment? Types and components of environment.What is Environment? Types and components of environment.
What is Environment? Types and components of environment.
ย 
Ozone Depletion
Ozone DepletionOzone Depletion
Ozone Depletion
ย 
soil pollution
soil pollutionsoil pollution
soil pollution
ย 
Environmental pollution causes & effect
Environmental pollution causes & effectEnvironmental pollution causes & effect
Environmental pollution causes & effect
ย 
Environment ppt
Environment pptEnvironment ppt
Environment ppt
ย 
Environmental pollution
Environmental pollutionEnvironmental pollution
Environmental pollution
ย 
Effects of water pollution
Effects of water pollutionEffects of water pollution
Effects of water pollution
ย 
Effects of air pollution m3
Effects of air pollution m3 Effects of air pollution m3
Effects of air pollution m3
ย 
Water pollution causes and effects
Water pollution causes and effectsWater pollution causes and effects
Water pollution causes and effects
ย 

Similar to Environmental Pollution

Rafael gernalin act 9
Rafael gernalin act 9Rafael gernalin act 9
Rafael gernalin act 9Rafael Gernalin
ย 
Environmental Pollution.pdf
Environmental Pollution.pdfEnvironmental Pollution.pdf
Environmental Pollution.pdfSanthoshGoud28
ย 
Pollution - Environmental Studies Project
Pollution - Environmental Studies ProjectPollution - Environmental Studies Project
Pollution - Environmental Studies ProjectAnikesh0123
ย 
Air pollution
Air pollutionAir pollution
Air pollutionMeenal Singhal
ย 
Pollution
PollutionPollution
Pollutionpallavi38
ย 
Lecture 19-20 Environmental Degradation.pptx
Lecture 19-20 Environmental Degradation.pptxLecture 19-20 Environmental Degradation.pptx
Lecture 19-20 Environmental Degradation.pptxmdanikhasan4
ย 
Industrial pollution & environment degradation
Industrial pollution & environment degradationIndustrial pollution & environment degradation
Industrial pollution & environment degradationDr. Mohamed Hassan
ย 
Environmenatl Pollution
Environmenatl Pollution Environmenatl Pollution
Environmenatl Pollution Vision Afghanistan
ย 
triptico la contaminaciรณn ambiental en ingles 3.docx
triptico la contaminaciรณn ambiental en ingles 3.docxtriptico la contaminaciรณn ambiental en ingles 3.docx
triptico la contaminaciรณn ambiental en ingles 3.docxSilviaTerrones2
ย 
Introduction-to-Pollutionnnnnnnnnnn.pptx
Introduction-to-Pollutionnnnnnnnnnn.pptxIntroduction-to-Pollutionnnnnnnnnnn.pptx
Introduction-to-Pollutionnnnnnnnnnn.pptxmaseli2414
ย 
Environment
EnvironmentEnvironment
EnvironmentDPSG
ย 
biologyreport
biologyreportbiologyreport
biologyreportKarmaine Tan
ย 
pollution
pollution pollution
pollution Rahul Jain
ย 
POLLUTION: INDIA AND UAE LAST 5 YEARS
POLLUTION: INDIA AND UAE LAST 5 YEARSPOLLUTION: INDIA AND UAE LAST 5 YEARS
POLLUTION: INDIA AND UAE LAST 5 YEARSMohammed Suhail
ย 
Air Pollution by DIVYANSHU
Air Pollution by DIVYANSHU Air Pollution by DIVYANSHU
Air Pollution by DIVYANSHU ThakurDivyanshu
ย 

Similar to Environmental Pollution (20)

Rafael gernalin act 9
Rafael gernalin act 9Rafael gernalin act 9
Rafael gernalin act 9
ย 
Environmental Pollution.pdf
Environmental Pollution.pdfEnvironmental Pollution.pdf
Environmental Pollution.pdf
ย 
Pollution - Environmental Studies Project
Pollution - Environmental Studies ProjectPollution - Environmental Studies Project
Pollution - Environmental Studies Project
ย 
Air pollution
Air pollutionAir pollution
Air pollution
ย 
Pollution
PollutionPollution
Pollution
ย 
pollution ppt.
pollution ppt.pollution ppt.
pollution ppt.
ย 
Lecture 19-20 Environmental Degradation.pptx
Lecture 19-20 Environmental Degradation.pptxLecture 19-20 Environmental Degradation.pptx
Lecture 19-20 Environmental Degradation.pptx
ย 
Industrial pollution & environment degradation
Industrial pollution & environment degradationIndustrial pollution & environment degradation
Industrial pollution & environment degradation
ย 
Environmenatl Pollution
Environmenatl Pollution Environmenatl Pollution
Environmenatl Pollution
ย 
triptico la contaminaciรณn ambiental en ingles 3.docx
triptico la contaminaciรณn ambiental en ingles 3.docxtriptico la contaminaciรณn ambiental en ingles 3.docx
triptico la contaminaciรณn ambiental en ingles 3.docx
ย 
Introduction-to-Pollutionnnnnnnnnnn.pptx
Introduction-to-Pollutionnnnnnnnnnn.pptxIntroduction-to-Pollutionnnnnnnnnnn.pptx
Introduction-to-Pollutionnnnnnnnnnn.pptx
ย 
Pollution
PollutionPollution
Pollution
ย 
Environment
EnvironmentEnvironment
Environment
ย 
Air pollution
Air pollutionAir pollution
Air pollution
ย 
biologyreport
biologyreportbiologyreport
biologyreport
ย 
Pollution
PollutionPollution
Pollution
ย 
pollution
pollution pollution
pollution
ย 
15 business i environment i society mba 2016
15 business i environment i society mba 201615 business i environment i society mba 2016
15 business i environment i society mba 2016
ย 
POLLUTION: INDIA AND UAE LAST 5 YEARS
POLLUTION: INDIA AND UAE LAST 5 YEARSPOLLUTION: INDIA AND UAE LAST 5 YEARS
POLLUTION: INDIA AND UAE LAST 5 YEARS
ย 
Air Pollution by DIVYANSHU
Air Pollution by DIVYANSHU Air Pollution by DIVYANSHU
Air Pollution by DIVYANSHU
ย 

More from Uday Kumar Shil

Internal Structure of The Earth? Major Structural unit of the earth
Internal Structure of The Earth? Major  Structural unit of the earthInternal Structure of The Earth? Major  Structural unit of the earth
Internal Structure of The Earth? Major Structural unit of the earthUday Kumar Shil
ย 
What is Solar system? FORMATION OF SOLAR SYSTEM. SOLAR SYSTEM: Structure
What is Solar system? FORMATION OF SOLAR SYSTEM. SOLAR SYSTEM: StructureWhat is Solar system? FORMATION OF SOLAR SYSTEM. SOLAR SYSTEM: Structure
What is Solar system? FORMATION OF SOLAR SYSTEM. SOLAR SYSTEM: StructureUday Kumar Shil
ย 
WHAT IS A PLATE? MAJOR PLATES. Types of Earthโ€™s Crust. Plate Boundary
WHAT IS A PLATE? MAJOR PLATES. Types of Earthโ€™s Crust. Plate BoundaryWHAT IS A PLATE? MAJOR PLATES. Types of Earthโ€™s Crust. Plate Boundary
WHAT IS A PLATE? MAJOR PLATES. Types of Earthโ€™s Crust. Plate BoundaryUday Kumar Shil
ย 
What is Geoscience?Objectives.
What is Geoscience?Objectives.What is Geoscience?Objectives.
What is Geoscience?Objectives.Uday Kumar Shil
ย 
Arc Geographic Information System (GIS) Digital Elevation Models (DEM).
Arc Geographic Information System (GIS) Digital Elevation Models (DEM).Arc Geographic Information System (GIS) Digital Elevation Models (DEM).
Arc Geographic Information System (GIS) Digital Elevation Models (DEM).Uday Kumar Shil
ย 
LIVELIHOOD_PATTERNS_OF_HIJRA_COMMUNITY_A_STUDY_ON_SHYAMPUR_AREA_IN_DHAKA_CITY
LIVELIHOOD_PATTERNS_OF_HIJRA_COMMUNITY_A_STUDY_ON_SHYAMPUR_AREA_IN_DHAKA_CITYLIVELIHOOD_PATTERNS_OF_HIJRA_COMMUNITY_A_STUDY_ON_SHYAMPUR_AREA_IN_DHAKA_CITY
LIVELIHOOD_PATTERNS_OF_HIJRA_COMMUNITY_A_STUDY_ON_SHYAMPUR_AREA_IN_DHAKA_CITYUday Kumar Shil
ย 
Urban Sociology
Urban Sociology Urban Sociology
Urban Sociology Uday Kumar Shil
ย 
Economic sociology Classical Economic sociology
Economic sociology Classical Economic sociologyEconomic sociology Classical Economic sociology
Economic sociology Classical Economic sociologyUday Kumar Shil
ย 
The health services policy in Upazila Health Complex:
The health services policy in Upazila Health Complex:The health services policy in Upazila Health Complex:
The health services policy in Upazila Health Complex:Uday Kumar Shil
ย 
The Situation of E-Governance in Bangladesh, State Policy and Action
The Situation of E-Governance in Bangladesh, State Policy and ActionThe Situation of E-Governance in Bangladesh, State Policy and Action
The Situation of E-Governance in Bangladesh, State Policy and ActionUday Kumar Shil
ย 
Max Weber's theory of social stratification
Max Weber's theory of social stratificationMax Weber's theory of social stratification
Max Weber's theory of social stratificationUday Kumar Shil
ย 
Industrialization in Bangladesh
Industrialization in BangladeshIndustrialization in Bangladesh
Industrialization in BangladeshUday Kumar Shil
ย 
Anti global seattle movement
Anti global seattle movementAnti global seattle movement
Anti global seattle movementUday Kumar Shil
ย 
Policy and Social welfare
Policy and Social welfarePolicy and Social welfare
Policy and Social welfareUday Kumar Shil
ย 

More from Uday Kumar Shil (15)

Internal Structure of The Earth? Major Structural unit of the earth
Internal Structure of The Earth? Major  Structural unit of the earthInternal Structure of The Earth? Major  Structural unit of the earth
Internal Structure of The Earth? Major Structural unit of the earth
ย 
What is Solar system? FORMATION OF SOLAR SYSTEM. SOLAR SYSTEM: Structure
What is Solar system? FORMATION OF SOLAR SYSTEM. SOLAR SYSTEM: StructureWhat is Solar system? FORMATION OF SOLAR SYSTEM. SOLAR SYSTEM: Structure
What is Solar system? FORMATION OF SOLAR SYSTEM. SOLAR SYSTEM: Structure
ย 
WHAT IS A PLATE? MAJOR PLATES. Types of Earthโ€™s Crust. Plate Boundary
WHAT IS A PLATE? MAJOR PLATES. Types of Earthโ€™s Crust. Plate BoundaryWHAT IS A PLATE? MAJOR PLATES. Types of Earthโ€™s Crust. Plate Boundary
WHAT IS A PLATE? MAJOR PLATES. Types of Earthโ€™s Crust. Plate Boundary
ย 
What is Geoscience?Objectives.
What is Geoscience?Objectives.What is Geoscience?Objectives.
What is Geoscience?Objectives.
ย 
Arc Geographic Information System (GIS) Digital Elevation Models (DEM).
Arc Geographic Information System (GIS) Digital Elevation Models (DEM).Arc Geographic Information System (GIS) Digital Elevation Models (DEM).
Arc Geographic Information System (GIS) Digital Elevation Models (DEM).
ย 
LIVELIHOOD_PATTERNS_OF_HIJRA_COMMUNITY_A_STUDY_ON_SHYAMPUR_AREA_IN_DHAKA_CITY
LIVELIHOOD_PATTERNS_OF_HIJRA_COMMUNITY_A_STUDY_ON_SHYAMPUR_AREA_IN_DHAKA_CITYLIVELIHOOD_PATTERNS_OF_HIJRA_COMMUNITY_A_STUDY_ON_SHYAMPUR_AREA_IN_DHAKA_CITY
LIVELIHOOD_PATTERNS_OF_HIJRA_COMMUNITY_A_STUDY_ON_SHYAMPUR_AREA_IN_DHAKA_CITY
ย 
Urban Sociology
Urban Sociology Urban Sociology
Urban Sociology
ย 
Economic sociology Classical Economic sociology
Economic sociology Classical Economic sociologyEconomic sociology Classical Economic sociology
Economic sociology Classical Economic sociology
ย 
The health services policy in Upazila Health Complex:
The health services policy in Upazila Health Complex:The health services policy in Upazila Health Complex:
The health services policy in Upazila Health Complex:
ย 
USAID
USAIDUSAID
USAID
ย 
The Situation of E-Governance in Bangladesh, State Policy and Action
The Situation of E-Governance in Bangladesh, State Policy and ActionThe Situation of E-Governance in Bangladesh, State Policy and Action
The Situation of E-Governance in Bangladesh, State Policy and Action
ย 
Max Weber's theory of social stratification
Max Weber's theory of social stratificationMax Weber's theory of social stratification
Max Weber's theory of social stratification
ย 
Industrialization in Bangladesh
Industrialization in BangladeshIndustrialization in Bangladesh
Industrialization in Bangladesh
ย 
Anti global seattle movement
Anti global seattle movementAnti global seattle movement
Anti global seattle movement
ย 
Policy and Social welfare
Policy and Social welfarePolicy and Social welfare
Policy and Social welfare
ย 

Recently uploaded

VVIP Pune Call Girls Vishal Nagar WhatSapp Number 8005736733 With Elite Staff...
VVIP Pune Call Girls Vishal Nagar WhatSapp Number 8005736733 With Elite Staff...VVIP Pune Call Girls Vishal Nagar WhatSapp Number 8005736733 With Elite Staff...
VVIP Pune Call Girls Vishal Nagar WhatSapp Number 8005736733 With Elite Staff...SUHANI PANDEY
ย 
Call On 6297143586 Pimpri Chinchwad Call Girls In All Pune 24/7 Provide Call...
Call On 6297143586  Pimpri Chinchwad Call Girls In All Pune 24/7 Provide Call...Call On 6297143586  Pimpri Chinchwad Call Girls In All Pune 24/7 Provide Call...
Call On 6297143586 Pimpri Chinchwad Call Girls In All Pune 24/7 Provide Call...tanu pandey
ย 
VIP Model Call Girls Wagholi ( Pune ) Call ON 8005736733 Starting From 5K to ...
VIP Model Call Girls Wagholi ( Pune ) Call ON 8005736733 Starting From 5K to ...VIP Model Call Girls Wagholi ( Pune ) Call ON 8005736733 Starting From 5K to ...
VIP Model Call Girls Wagholi ( Pune ) Call ON 8005736733 Starting From 5K to ...SUHANI PANDEY
ย 
BOOK Call Girls in (Dwarka) CALL | 8377087607 Delhi Escorts Services
BOOK Call Girls in (Dwarka) CALL | 8377087607 Delhi Escorts ServicesBOOK Call Girls in (Dwarka) CALL | 8377087607 Delhi Escorts Services
BOOK Call Girls in (Dwarka) CALL | 8377087607 Delhi Escorts Servicesdollysharma2066
ย 
(NEHA) Call Girls Navi Mumbai Call Now 8250077686 Navi Mumbai Escorts 24x7
(NEHA) Call Girls Navi Mumbai Call Now 8250077686 Navi Mumbai Escorts 24x7(NEHA) Call Girls Navi Mumbai Call Now 8250077686 Navi Mumbai Escorts 24x7
(NEHA) Call Girls Navi Mumbai Call Now 8250077686 Navi Mumbai Escorts 24x7Call Girls in Nagpur High Profile Call Girls
ย 
Call Now โ˜Ž๏ธ๐Ÿ” 9332606886 ๐Ÿ”ย Call Girls โค Service In Muzaffarpur Female Escorts ...
Call Now โ˜Ž๏ธ๐Ÿ” 9332606886 ๐Ÿ”ย Call Girls โค Service In Muzaffarpur Female Escorts ...Call Now โ˜Ž๏ธ๐Ÿ” 9332606886 ๐Ÿ”ย Call Girls โค Service In Muzaffarpur Female Escorts ...
Call Now โ˜Ž๏ธ๐Ÿ” 9332606886 ๐Ÿ”ย Call Girls โค Service In Muzaffarpur Female Escorts ...Anamikakaur10
ย 
Call Girls Moshi Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Booking
Call Girls Moshi Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance BookingCall Girls Moshi Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Booking
Call Girls Moshi Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Bookingroncy bisnoi
ย 
Proposed Amendments to Chapter 15, Article X: Wetland Conservation Areas
Proposed Amendments to Chapter 15, Article X: Wetland Conservation AreasProposed Amendments to Chapter 15, Article X: Wetland Conservation Areas
Proposed Amendments to Chapter 15, Article X: Wetland Conservation Areas๐Ÿ’ฅVictoria K. Colangelo
ย 
Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Budhwar Peth 6297143586 Call Hot Indi...
Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Budhwar Peth  6297143586 Call Hot Indi...Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Budhwar Peth  6297143586 Call Hot Indi...
Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Budhwar Peth 6297143586 Call Hot Indi...Call Girls in Nagpur High Profile
ย 
Call Girls In Okhla DELHI ~9654467111~ Short 1500 Night 6000
Call Girls In Okhla DELHI ~9654467111~ Short 1500 Night 6000Call Girls In Okhla DELHI ~9654467111~ Short 1500 Night 6000
Call Girls In Okhla DELHI ~9654467111~ Short 1500 Night 6000Sapana Sha
ย 
Book Sex Workers Available Pune Call Girls Kondhwa 6297143586 Call Hot India...
Book Sex Workers Available Pune Call Girls Kondhwa  6297143586 Call Hot India...Book Sex Workers Available Pune Call Girls Kondhwa  6297143586 Call Hot India...
Book Sex Workers Available Pune Call Girls Kondhwa 6297143586 Call Hot India...Call Girls in Nagpur High Profile
ย 
CSR_Tested activities in the classroom -EN
CSR_Tested activities in the classroom -ENCSR_Tested activities in the classroom -EN
CSR_Tested activities in the classroom -ENGeorgeDiamandis11
ย 
Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Parvati Darshan 6297143586 Call Hot I...
Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Parvati Darshan  6297143586 Call Hot I...Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Parvati Darshan  6297143586 Call Hot I...
Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Parvati Darshan 6297143586 Call Hot I...Call Girls in Nagpur High Profile
ย 
The Most Attractive Pune Call Girls Shirwal 8250192130 Will You Miss This Cha...
The Most Attractive Pune Call Girls Shirwal 8250192130 Will You Miss This Cha...The Most Attractive Pune Call Girls Shirwal 8250192130 Will You Miss This Cha...
The Most Attractive Pune Call Girls Shirwal 8250192130 Will You Miss This Cha...ranjana rawat
ย 
Call Girls Magarpatta Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Booking
Call Girls Magarpatta Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance BookingCall Girls Magarpatta Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Booking
Call Girls Magarpatta Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Bookingroncy bisnoi
ย 
Koregaon Park ( Call Girls ) Pune 6297143586 Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi Read...
Koregaon Park ( Call Girls ) Pune  6297143586  Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi Read...Koregaon Park ( Call Girls ) Pune  6297143586  Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi Read...
Koregaon Park ( Call Girls ) Pune 6297143586 Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi Read...tanu pandey
ย 
Call Girls Budhwar Peth Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Booking
Call Girls Budhwar Peth Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance BookingCall Girls Budhwar Peth Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Booking
Call Girls Budhwar Peth Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Bookingroncy bisnoi
ย 
Call Girls Jejuri Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Booking
Call Girls Jejuri Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance BookingCall Girls Jejuri Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Booking
Call Girls Jejuri Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Bookingroncy bisnoi
ย 
VIP Call Girls Valsad 7001035870 Whatsapp Number, 24/07 Booking
VIP Call Girls Valsad 7001035870 Whatsapp Number, 24/07 BookingVIP Call Girls Valsad 7001035870 Whatsapp Number, 24/07 Booking
VIP Call Girls Valsad 7001035870 Whatsapp Number, 24/07 Bookingdharasingh5698
ย 
Sector 18, Noida Call girls :8448380779 Model Escorts | 100% verified
Sector 18, Noida Call girls :8448380779 Model Escorts | 100% verifiedSector 18, Noida Call girls :8448380779 Model Escorts | 100% verified
Sector 18, Noida Call girls :8448380779 Model Escorts | 100% verifiedDelhi Call girls
ย 

Recently uploaded (20)

VVIP Pune Call Girls Vishal Nagar WhatSapp Number 8005736733 With Elite Staff...
VVIP Pune Call Girls Vishal Nagar WhatSapp Number 8005736733 With Elite Staff...VVIP Pune Call Girls Vishal Nagar WhatSapp Number 8005736733 With Elite Staff...
VVIP Pune Call Girls Vishal Nagar WhatSapp Number 8005736733 With Elite Staff...
ย 
Call On 6297143586 Pimpri Chinchwad Call Girls In All Pune 24/7 Provide Call...
Call On 6297143586  Pimpri Chinchwad Call Girls In All Pune 24/7 Provide Call...Call On 6297143586  Pimpri Chinchwad Call Girls In All Pune 24/7 Provide Call...
Call On 6297143586 Pimpri Chinchwad Call Girls In All Pune 24/7 Provide Call...
ย 
VIP Model Call Girls Wagholi ( Pune ) Call ON 8005736733 Starting From 5K to ...
VIP Model Call Girls Wagholi ( Pune ) Call ON 8005736733 Starting From 5K to ...VIP Model Call Girls Wagholi ( Pune ) Call ON 8005736733 Starting From 5K to ...
VIP Model Call Girls Wagholi ( Pune ) Call ON 8005736733 Starting From 5K to ...
ย 
BOOK Call Girls in (Dwarka) CALL | 8377087607 Delhi Escorts Services
BOOK Call Girls in (Dwarka) CALL | 8377087607 Delhi Escorts ServicesBOOK Call Girls in (Dwarka) CALL | 8377087607 Delhi Escorts Services
BOOK Call Girls in (Dwarka) CALL | 8377087607 Delhi Escorts Services
ย 
(NEHA) Call Girls Navi Mumbai Call Now 8250077686 Navi Mumbai Escorts 24x7
(NEHA) Call Girls Navi Mumbai Call Now 8250077686 Navi Mumbai Escorts 24x7(NEHA) Call Girls Navi Mumbai Call Now 8250077686 Navi Mumbai Escorts 24x7
(NEHA) Call Girls Navi Mumbai Call Now 8250077686 Navi Mumbai Escorts 24x7
ย 
Call Now โ˜Ž๏ธ๐Ÿ” 9332606886 ๐Ÿ”ย Call Girls โค Service In Muzaffarpur Female Escorts ...
Call Now โ˜Ž๏ธ๐Ÿ” 9332606886 ๐Ÿ”ย Call Girls โค Service In Muzaffarpur Female Escorts ...Call Now โ˜Ž๏ธ๐Ÿ” 9332606886 ๐Ÿ”ย Call Girls โค Service In Muzaffarpur Female Escorts ...
Call Now โ˜Ž๏ธ๐Ÿ” 9332606886 ๐Ÿ”ย Call Girls โค Service In Muzaffarpur Female Escorts ...
ย 
Call Girls Moshi Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Booking
Call Girls Moshi Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance BookingCall Girls Moshi Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Booking
Call Girls Moshi Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Booking
ย 
Proposed Amendments to Chapter 15, Article X: Wetland Conservation Areas
Proposed Amendments to Chapter 15, Article X: Wetland Conservation AreasProposed Amendments to Chapter 15, Article X: Wetland Conservation Areas
Proposed Amendments to Chapter 15, Article X: Wetland Conservation Areas
ย 
Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Budhwar Peth 6297143586 Call Hot Indi...
Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Budhwar Peth  6297143586 Call Hot Indi...Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Budhwar Peth  6297143586 Call Hot Indi...
Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Budhwar Peth 6297143586 Call Hot Indi...
ย 
Call Girls In Okhla DELHI ~9654467111~ Short 1500 Night 6000
Call Girls In Okhla DELHI ~9654467111~ Short 1500 Night 6000Call Girls In Okhla DELHI ~9654467111~ Short 1500 Night 6000
Call Girls In Okhla DELHI ~9654467111~ Short 1500 Night 6000
ย 
Book Sex Workers Available Pune Call Girls Kondhwa 6297143586 Call Hot India...
Book Sex Workers Available Pune Call Girls Kondhwa  6297143586 Call Hot India...Book Sex Workers Available Pune Call Girls Kondhwa  6297143586 Call Hot India...
Book Sex Workers Available Pune Call Girls Kondhwa 6297143586 Call Hot India...
ย 
CSR_Tested activities in the classroom -EN
CSR_Tested activities in the classroom -ENCSR_Tested activities in the classroom -EN
CSR_Tested activities in the classroom -EN
ย 
Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Parvati Darshan 6297143586 Call Hot I...
Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Parvati Darshan  6297143586 Call Hot I...Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Parvati Darshan  6297143586 Call Hot I...
Booking open Available Pune Call Girls Parvati Darshan 6297143586 Call Hot I...
ย 
The Most Attractive Pune Call Girls Shirwal 8250192130 Will You Miss This Cha...
The Most Attractive Pune Call Girls Shirwal 8250192130 Will You Miss This Cha...The Most Attractive Pune Call Girls Shirwal 8250192130 Will You Miss This Cha...
The Most Attractive Pune Call Girls Shirwal 8250192130 Will You Miss This Cha...
ย 
Call Girls Magarpatta Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Booking
Call Girls Magarpatta Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance BookingCall Girls Magarpatta Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Booking
Call Girls Magarpatta Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Booking
ย 
Koregaon Park ( Call Girls ) Pune 6297143586 Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi Read...
Koregaon Park ( Call Girls ) Pune  6297143586  Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi Read...Koregaon Park ( Call Girls ) Pune  6297143586  Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi Read...
Koregaon Park ( Call Girls ) Pune 6297143586 Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi Read...
ย 
Call Girls Budhwar Peth Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Booking
Call Girls Budhwar Peth Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance BookingCall Girls Budhwar Peth Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Booking
Call Girls Budhwar Peth Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Booking
ย 
Call Girls Jejuri Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Booking
Call Girls Jejuri Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance BookingCall Girls Jejuri Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Booking
Call Girls Jejuri Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Booking
ย 
VIP Call Girls Valsad 7001035870 Whatsapp Number, 24/07 Booking
VIP Call Girls Valsad 7001035870 Whatsapp Number, 24/07 BookingVIP Call Girls Valsad 7001035870 Whatsapp Number, 24/07 Booking
VIP Call Girls Valsad 7001035870 Whatsapp Number, 24/07 Booking
ย 
Sector 18, Noida Call girls :8448380779 Model Escorts | 100% verified
Sector 18, Noida Call girls :8448380779 Model Escorts | 100% verifiedSector 18, Noida Call girls :8448380779 Model Escorts | 100% verified
Sector 18, Noida Call girls :8448380779 Model Escorts | 100% verified
ย 

Environmental Pollution

  • 1. Environmental Pollution Uday Kumar Shil 12-3-20-0025 Department of Applied Sociology ASA University Bangladesh (ASAUB)
  • 2. Introduction โ€ข Pollution has become the first enemy of the mankind. Industrial revolution of 19th century led to environmental disaster. The whole world is now more afraid of pollution rather than nuclear blast. Technological advancement has brought revolutionary changes in life style and national economy with overwhelming power over nature. The protection of environment has become a major issue around the global for the well being of the people and economic development.
  • 3. What is Pollution? โ€ข Pollution, we hear it every other day at school, college and read about it in newspapers. So what is it? Pollution occurs when pollutants contaminate the natural surroundings; which brings about changes that affect our normal lifestyles adversely. Pollutants are the key elements or components of pollution which are generally waste materials of different forms. Pollution disturbs our ecosystem and the balance in the environment. With modernization and development in our lives pollution has reached its peak; giving rise to global warming and human illness.
  • 4. Environmental Pollution โ€ข Environmental pollution is โ€œthe contamination of the physical and biological components of the earth/atmosphere system to such an extent that normal environmental processes are adversely affectedโ€. โ€ข Environmental pollution is defined as the undesirable change in physical, chemical and biological characteristics of our air, land and water. As a result of over-population, rapid industrializations, and other human activities like agriculture and deforestation etc., earth became loaded with diverse pollutants that were released as by-products. โ€ข Environmental pollution is the introduction of harmful pollutants into a certain environment that make an environment unhealthy to live in. The widespread pollutants are usually chemicals, garbage, and wastewater. Environmental pollution is happening in multifold parts of Earth usually in the form of air and water pollution.
  • 5. Causes of Environmental Pollution โ€ข 1. Industries: Industries have been polluting our environment especially since the beginning of the industrial revolution, as mentioned above, notably due to the increasing use of fossil fuels. In the 19th century and for a significant part of the 20th century, coal has been use to make machines work faster, replacing human force. Though pollution by industries mainly causes air pollution, soil and water contamination can also occur. This is particularly the case for power- generating industries, such as plants producing electricity (May they be a dam, a nuclear reactor or some other type of plant). โ€ข Also, the transportation of this energy can be harmful to the environment. We can take as an example the transportation of petrol through pipelines; if there is a leak in the pipeline, soil will automatically be polluted. At the same time, if the tanker transporting the petrol from its production plant to the place where it will be consumed leaks or sinks, the water will get contaminated. โ€ข 2. Transportation: Ever since men abandoned animal power to travel, pollution of the environment has become higher and higher. Its levels have only been increasing until now. Similarly to industries, pollution caused by transport can mainly be attributed to fossil fuels. Indeed, humans went from horse carriages to cars, trains (which, before electricity, used to be propelled by coal), and airplanes. As the traffic is increasing every day, pollution follows that evolution.
  • 6. Causes of Environmental Pollution (Contโ€ฆ) โ€ข 3. Agricultural Activities: Agriculture is mainly responsible for the contamination of water and soil. This is caused by the increased use of pesticides, as well as by the intensive character of its production. Almost all pesticides are made from chemical substances and are meant to keep diseases and threatening animals away from the crops. However, by keeping these forms of life away, harm is almost always made to the surrounding environment as well. โ€ข Furthermore, as agriculture gets more and more intensive to feed the increasing world population, more environments and ecosystems are destroyed to make space for the crops. Some of them, like rapeseed โ€“used to make oil โ€“ demand a lot of space for a relatively small output. โ€ข 4. Trading Activities: Trading activities including the production and exchange of goods and services. Concerning goods, pollution can be caused by packaging (which often involves the use of plastic, which is made from fossil fuels) or transport, mainly. โ€ข 5. Residences: Finally, residential areas provide their fair share of pollution as well. First, to be able to build homes, natural environment has to be destroyed in one way or another. Wildlife and plants are driven away and replaced by human constructions. As it requires the work of industries, construction itself is also a source of contamination of the environment. Then, when people settle in, they will produce waste every day, including a part that cannot be processed by the environment without harm yet.
  • 7. Effects of Environmental Pollution โ€ข 1. Effects on Humans: The effects of environmental pollution on humans are mainly physical, but can also turn into neuro-affections in the long term. The best-known troubles to us are respiratory, in the form of allergies, asthma, irritation of the eyes and nasal passages, or other forms of respiratory infections. Notably, these well spread affections can be observed when air pollution is high in cities, when the weather gets hot, for instance. On top of that, environmental pollution has been proven to be a major factor in the development of cancer. This can happen for example when we eat reminiscences of pollutants used in the production of processed foods, or pesticides from the crops. Other, rarer, diseases include hepatitis, typhoid affections, diarrhoea and hormonal disruptions. โ€ข 2. Effects on Animals: Environmental pollution mainly affects animal by causing harm to their living environment, making it toxic for them to live in. Acid rains can change the composition of rivers and seas, making them toxic for fishes, an important quantity of ozone in the lower parts of the atmosphere can cause lung problems to all animals. Nitrogen and phosphates in water will cause overgrowth of toxic algae, preventing other forms of life to follow their normal course. Eventually, soil pollution will cause harm and sometimes even the destruction of microorganisms, which can have the dramatic effect of killing the first layers of the primary food chain.
  • 8. Effects of Environmental Pollution (Contโ€ฆ) โ€ข 3. Effects on Plants: As for animals, plants, and especially trees, can be destroyed by acid rains (and this will also have a negative effect on animals as well, as their natural environment will be modified), ozone in the lower atmosphere block the plant respiration, and harmful pollutants can be absorbed from the water or soil. โ€ข 4. Effects on the Ecosystem: In short, environmental pollution, almost exclusively created by human activities, has a negative effect on the ecosystem, destroying crucial layers of it and causing an even more negative effect on the upper layers.
  • 9. Ranking Position in Bangladesh of Environmental Pollution โ€ข Bangladesh has been ranked fourth among 91 countries with worst urban air quality in the latest air pollution monitoring report of World Health Organisation (WHO). โ€ข Moreover, three Bangladeshi cities have been put among the top 25 cities with poorest air. The 2014 version of the Ambient Air Pollution (AAP) database consists mainly of urban air quality data of 1600 cities from 91 countries. (Source: The Daily Star, May 09, 2014)
  • 10. GOVERNMENTAL STEPS FOR POLLUTION CONTROL IN BANGLADESH The โ€˜Ministry of Environment and Forest (MOEF)โ€™ of Bangladesh is primarily responsible for environmental protection. It was created in 1989. The MOEF has taken some steps to control the environmental pollution of Bangladesh. National Environmental Management Action Plan (NEMAP): The government has taken a project named NEMAP to integrate environment with the development in a policy framework. It provides a guideline for promoting effective management of resources, raising awareness among the people and improvement of environmental degradation. Environmental Acts, Rules and Laws: The government of Bangladesh has modified environmental acts, rules and laws to improve environmental condition. Environment court has already been established to take prompt legal action against environmental pollution. The DOE has been empowered to punish the offenders of environmental rules. Control of Air Pollution: Recently the DOE has taken some measures to carry out surveys on identification and control of polluting industries, protecting habitats, examining the use of compressed natural gas in industries, setting environmental standards and controlling river and automobile pollution on environmental management. It also conducts vehicular emission measurements at Dhaka city. Banning of Polyethylene Bags: Most of the sewage lines of Dhaka city have been blocked by indiscriminate dumping of polyethylene bags over the years. As such, the government has banned the production, marketing and use of polyethylene bags up to 20 microns thick or less from 01 March 2002. Urban Transport Project: A Urban Transport Project has been launched by the Government to improve traffic system, envisage good bus services, improve road networks by constructing over- bridges, fly-overs, underpasses and envisages a positive role for non-motorized transport. โ€ข 2003 to implement the facilitation, construction and installation of twin pit latrine. It improves rural sanitation coverage and reduces infectious diseases in rural areas.
  • 11. GOVERNMENTAL STEPS FOR POLLUTION CONTROL IN BANGLADESH (Contโ€ฆ) Embargo on Import of Items: The government has banned the import of leaded petrol, high sulfur diesel and high sulfur coal. The government has also encouraged to use Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) to the automobiles. Bangladesh Road Transport Authority (BRTA) has restricted the registration on two stroke three wheelers. Control of Arsenic Pollution: The Government has taken four Strategies to mitigate the arsenic problem. These are as follows: (1). Immediate detection of the arsenic effected patients and ensure their proper treatment. (2). Identify the arsenic contaminated tube wells, labeled them with red colour for danger ones and green with safe ones. (3). Detect the reasons for arsenic contamination in soil water and find out the sources of safe drinking water. (4). Conduct health education campaigns and grow awareness among the people. Knowledge Enrichment Programme: Environmental education program has been incorporated in primary and higher education. Many universities have introduced various curriculum and projects on environmental issue. Government organizations as well as NGOs present meetings and seminars to arise public awareness on the environmental issue. Rural Sanitation Programme: The Bangladesh Government has taken a rural sanitation programme from October
  • 12. SUGGESTED STEPS FOR POLLUTION CONTROL The government has taken some steps to improve the pollution control of Bangladesh. But the steps are not adequate. As such, few more steps may also be taken to improve the environmental degradation: Use of Environmental Technologies and Methods: Environmental technologies and methods such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing and environmental impact assessment might be used for integrated policy formulation, decision-making, evaluation and monitoring of environment. Development of Environmental Database: A comprehensive environmental database may be made and the environmental planners might have the access for environmental up-gradation, planning and management The database is to be updated regularly. Environmental Education and Awareness: Formal and informal methods of education might be adopted through local media, seminars, celebrations, workshops, walks and student competitions to aware the people regarding the process of environmental
  • 13. SUGGESTED STEPS FOR POLLUTION CONTROL (Contโ€ฆ) Industrial and Solid Waste Management: The government might take appropriate measures to monitor emission limits and Market Based Incentives (MBI) for reducing pollution control. The industries might be given both technical and financial support for introducing mitigation measures, promoting green technologies, using less pollution technologies and recycling the waste. Enforcement of Rules and Regulation: Environmental Conservation Rules of 1997, traffic rules and other relevant environmental laws might be enforced further to punish the violation of the emission limits. Urban Transport Management: Government must strengthen vehicle emission standards, complete the emission inventory and conduct an investigation on the emission control measures. Auto-rickshaw must be restricted in Dhaka city. Government must replace old vehicles, two-stroke engine vehicles, improve traffic conditions and promote an equivalent and efficient alternative public transportation services to improve urban transport management. Reduce Sulfur in Diesel: Government must take necessary steps to remove sulfur content from diesel through hydro-desulphurization (HDS) process. The government must also enforce the vehicle manufacturers to install catalytic converters in every vehicle to reduce the vehicular emissions.
  • 14. Conclusion โ€ข Environmental pollution is causing a lot of distress not only to humans but also animals, driving many animal species to endangerment and even extinction. โ€ข The transboundary nature of environmental pollution makes it even more difficult to manage it โ€“ you cannot build brick walls along the borders of your country or put customs cabins at every point of entry to regulate its flows into your country. โ€ข Everything on our planet is interconnected, and while the nature supplies us with valuable environmental services without which we cannot exist, we all depend on each otherโ€™s actions and the way we treat natural resources. โ€ข Itโ€™s widely recognized that we are hugely overspending our current budget of natural resources โ€“ at the existing rates of its exploitation, there is no way for the environment to recover in good time and continue โ€œperformingโ€ well in the future. โ€ข Perhaps we should adopt a holistic view of nature โ€“ it is not an entity that exists separately from us; the nature is us, we are an inalienable part of it, and we should care for it in the most appropriate manner. Only then can we possibly solve the problem of environmental pollution.