2. Foregut
Inhibiting
factors
By non
cardiac
mesoderm
Ectoderm
Notocord
FGF2, BMPs
inhibit the
inhibiting
factors
BMP by
septum
transversum
and FGF2 by
cardiac
3. Outgrowth of
endodermal epithelium
appears, called Hepatic
diverticulum / pars
hepatica/liver bud
Appears at the distal
end of foregut(junction
between forgut and
midgut)
In the middle of the 3rd
week to early in the 4th
week
4. Hepatic bud penetrates the
septum transversum (
mesodermal layer between
stalk of yolk sac and
pericardial cavity)
Meanwhile, the connection
between duodenum and liver
bud narrows. This forms Bile
Duct
Small ventral outgrowth from
bile duct arises, called Pars
cystica (Gallbladder and
Cystic duct).
5. Liver bud divides into right and left parts.(lobes)
The cells form cords(line of cells) which interact
with vitelline and umbilical veins in the septum
transversum to form Hepatic sinusoids
Hematopoietic cells, Kupffer cells and connective
tissue from septum transversum
6.
7. Opening of
Bile duct
Initially, bile duct
opens on the ventral
aspect of the foregut
(duodenum)
Rotation of duodenum
9. Ventral mesentary
mesoderm
Connects foregut to
ventral abdominal wall
Consists of
1.falciform ligament
2.Lesser omentum
o hepatogastric
ligament
o hepatoduodenal
ligament
Covered by visceral
peritoneum and capsule
10.
11. Functions in the fetus
Hematopoiesis
Begins during 6th week
subsides during the last 2 months only
Bile production
Starts at 12th week
gives dark green colour to the meconium
Liver 10 percent of total wt 10th week
Meconium is the intestinal content
12. Anomalies of Liver and Gall
bladder
Duplication of Gall
bladder
(Complete or partial)
Absence of Gall
bladder
Accessory hepatic
duct