2. Tarquin Monarchy
I. Tarquin Monarchy - The last of the Tarquin monarchs
ruled as a tyranny - Absolute power of one ruler that is
often cruel.
A. The Romans did not like being ruled by a tyrant so
they overthrew the monarchy (government ruled by a king
or queen).
B. They set up their own government called a republic.
C. NO ROMAN OR ITALIAN EVER USED THE
TITLE KING AGAIN!!!!!!!
4. II. The Republic
II. Republic - Form of representative democracy and type
of government in which the people select representatives to
govern them and to make laws and the head of the state is
not a monarch.
A. To serve in Rome's Republic you had to be a citizen
and male.
5. II. The Republic continued…
B. Roman Society was divided into two groups:
1. Plebeians - Common People - Peasants, craftspeople,
traders, and other workers.
a. Majority of the population
b. At first, not allowed to participate in the government
but eventually got the right.
2. Patricians - Nobles - Wealthy and powerful citizens
a. Small minority of the population
b. At first, controlled all the government but eventually
had to allow the Plebeians.
6. II The Republic continued…
C. Tripartite - A Government of Three Parts OR 3
branches (similar to U.S. Government) - THIS WAS TO MAKE
SURE NO ONE PERSON HAD ABSOLUTE POWER OVER
THE GOVERNMENT!!
1. Branch One of the Government
a. Magistrates - The elected representatives to Rome's
Government.
b. Consuls - Two most powerful magistrates.
c. Elected to one year terms. One ran the city of Rome.
The ran the army.
d. Two instead of one so no one could become too
powerful. CONSULS WERE THE MOST POWERFUL MEN IN
ALL OF ROME!!!
e. Other Magistrates held other government positions
for 1 year terms.
7. II The Republic Continued…
2. Branch Two of the Government
a. Roman Senate - Council of wealthy and
powerful Romans that advised the city's leaders.
b. Met to advise the consuls and magistrates.
c. Held office for life.
d. SPQR - Latin
for Senātus Populusque Rōmānus - The Senate and the
People of Rome.
d. HAD GREAT INFLUENCE OVER ROME'S
GOVERNMENT!! WERE HIGHLY RESPECTED MEN.
8. II. The Republic continued…
3. Branch Three of the Government
a. Two Branches of Part Three of the government.
b. First Branch - Assemblies - All Patrician and Plebeian males
took part in Assemblies
1. They elected the Magistrates who ran the government of
Rome
c. Second Branch - Tribune - Elected officials elected by
Plebeians.
1. Could veto which means to prohibit actions by Consuls and
other magistrates.
2. Tribunes were very powerful in Rome's government. Held
office for 1 year
4. ROMAN GOVERNMENT INFLUENCED WESTERN CULTURE
INCLUDING THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT!!
9. II. Roman Republic
continued…
D. Dictator - A ruler who has complete and absolute power
over a country.
1. During a time of emergency or crisis, a dictator
could be appointed to run the Roman Republic.
2. An example of a crisis could be a war.
10. III. Checks and Balances
III. Checks and Balances - Keep any one part of a
government from becoming stronger or more influential
than the others.
1. Examples
a. Term limits of one year.
b. One consul could block the actions of
another; veto the other consul.
c. Laws proposed by the Senate had to
be approved by magistrates and ratified (approved) by
assemblies
11. IV. Rule of Law
IV. Rule of Law -
1. Rome's laws were written down in a code; a collection
of rules and laws.
2. First code was written on 12 bronze tables, or tablets;
Law of the Twelve Tables
3. Tables were displayed in the Forum - Rome's public
meeting place.
4. Used the Twelve Tables as a symbol of Roman law
and the rights as Roman Citizens
12. V. Power of the Roman
Republic
V. Power of the Roman Republic
1. Rome became more powerful due to trade along the
Mediterranean Sea and by conquest (to conquer or takeover).
2. Trade - Romans became very wealthy off of trade.
3. Conquest
a. Forced Greece, Spain, Macedonia, Asia Minor (Turkey today),
and the island of Sicily to become part of Rome.
b. Punic Wars - Wars between Rome and Carthage. Rome won
and became the most dominant power in the Mediterranean Sea.
- Scipio Africanus - Roman general who defeated Hannibal of
Carthage - Scipio Lane is where the Horry Recreation Center,
recycling center, fire station, and near where Burgess Elementary is.
