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New Tools for Turf Disease Management in
             the Landscape

                    Lane Tredway
     Associate Professor and Extension Specialist
           Department of Plant Pathology
           North Carolina State University
Turf diseases are stress-induced
Turf diseases are stress-induced
Turf diseases are stress-induced
Many diseases appear similar from a distance
Identification of the affected turf species is essential for
accurate disease diagnosis



                                           Tall fescue
                                             • ridged upper leaf
                                                 surface




                                           Kentucky bluegrass
                                            • smooth upper leaf
                                              surface
Each Turf Species
Has Unique Problems

Tall Fescue

  • brown patch, gray leaf spot,
    Pythium blight

Kentucky bluegrass

  • dollar spot, summer patch,
    Pythium blight, rust,
    powdery mildew
Symptoms: change in the appearance of the plant




Stand Symptoms
    • a change in the appearance of the turf,
       evident from a distance

                                     Plant Symptoms
                                         • a change in the appearance of the plant
Signs: evidence of the presence of a pathogen




       mycelium                    sclerotia
     Pythium blight               red thread
New Tools for Turf Disease Management in the Landscape
New Tools for Turf Disease Management in the Landscape
New Tools for Turf Disease Management in the Landscape
New Tools for Turf Disease Management in the Landscape
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Disease Diagnosis Utility
Disease Diagnosis Utility
Disease Diagnosis Utility
Disease Diagnosis Utility
Disease Diagnosis Utility
Disease Management Utility
Disease Management Utility
Disease Management Utility
Disease Management Utility
Rhizoctonia diseases are the most common and
destructive in landscape turfgrasses.




    brown patch of tall fescue     large patch of zoysiagrass
   caused by Rhizoctonia solani   caused by Rhizoctonia solani
QoI and DMI Fungicides for Rhizoctonia control

    QoI Fungicides             DMI Fungicides
      Compass                    Bayleton
        Disarm                     Banner
       Heritage                     Eagle
        Insignia                   Torque
                                  Tourney
      QoI + DMI Combinations        Trinity
              Armada
             Disarm M
             Headway
The QoI fungicides have revolutionized Rhizoctonia control
QoI Fungicides: A Growing Chemical Class


  • Heritage (1996)

  • Compass (1999)

  • Insignia (2004)

  • Disarm (2008)
Fungicide Prices: What do they mean?

          Product         Cost per lb
          Heritage           $ 365
         Compass             $ 300
        Banner Maxx        $289 (gal)
          Bayleton           $ 81
           Eagle             $ 73
          ProStar            $ 50
          SysStar            $ 43
           3336              $ 22
          ConSyst            $ 12
Brown patch control in tall fescue, Charlotte, 2003.

     Heritage (0.2 oz)

     Heritage (0.1 oz)

   Compass (0.25 oz)

   Compass (0.15 oz)

     Insignia (0.9 oz)

     Insignia (0.5 oz)

  Banner Maxx (2 oz)

      Bayleton (1 oz)

        Eagle (0.6 oz)

           Untreated

                         0   20              40               60   80
                                  Brown Patch Incidence (%)
Fungicide Recommendations for Brown Patch Control

                 Recommended        Recommended
    Product                                            $/acre/day
                 Rate (/1000 ft2)    Interval (days)

    Disarm          0.18 fl oz             28              $5

 Heritage 50WG       0.2 oz               28              $7

  Heritage TL        1 fl oz               28              $7

   Compass           0.2 oz               21              $10

    Insignia         0.7 oz               28              $10

    ProStar          2.2 oz               28              $10
QoI and DMI Fungicides for Rhizoctonia control

    QoI Fungicides             DMI Fungicides
      Compass                    Bayleton
        Disarm                     Banner
       Heritage                     Eagle
        Insignia                   Torque
                                  Tourney
      QoI + DMI Combinations        Trinity
              Armada
             Disarm M
             Headway
Brown patch control in tall fescue, Raleigh, 2009.

                                 15
                                           Heritage TL (1 oz)
                                           Tourney (0.37 oz)
                                           Trinity (2 oz)
                                           Untreated
                               11.25
   Brown Patch Incidence (%)




                                 7.5




                                3.75




                                  0
                                  19-Jun         26-Jun         7-Jul           29-Jul           3-Aug



                                                                   Treatments applied on 8 Jun, 7 Jul, and 13 Aug
DMI + QoI combination products control the most
important landscape diseases
QoI + DMI Products for Landscape Turf

Headway

      azoxystrobin + propiconazole (Heritage + Banner)

Armada

      trifloxystrobin + triadimefon (Compass + Bayleton)

Disarm M

      fluoxastrobin + myclobutanil (Disarm + Eagle)
Brown patch control in tall fescue, 2004


    Heritage (0.2 oz, 28 day)


  Compass (0.25 oz, 28 day)


    Armada (0.6 oz, 21 day)


    Armada (1.2 oz, 21 day)


    Armada (1.2 oz, 28 day)


                  Untreated

                                0   5   10   15    20     25     30      35   40   45

                                             Brown Patch Incidence (%)
Brown patch control in tall fescue, 2006

        Armada (1.2 oz)

        Armada (0.6 oz)

    Heritage TL (2 fl oz)

    Heritage TL (1 fl oz)

  Heritage TL (0.5 fl oz)

      Headway (3 fl oz)

      Headway (2 fl oz)

    Headway (1.5 fl oz)

   Headway (0.75 fl oz)

              Untreated

                            0   3      6             9          12   15
                                    Brown Patch Incidence (%)
Brown Patch Control: Combination Products


    A.I.s        Trade Name   Rate/1000 ft2   Interval   $/acre/day



trifloxystrobin
                  Armada          1.2         21 day        $9
+ triadimefon


  flutolanil +
                  SysStar         2.2         28 day        $9
 thiophanate

 azoxystrobin
      +           Headway         1.5         28 day        $14
propiconazole
What about granular fungicides?
Comparison of granular and sprayable fungicides, Charlotte, 2003.


 Systemic Fungicide G (87 oz)



                  3336 (4 oz)



       Fungicide VII G (85 oz)



              Bayleton (1 oz)



                   Untreated


                                 0   20             40                60   80
                                          Brown Patch Incidence (%)
Bayleton (1 oz)   Fungicide VII (85 oz)
New Tools for Turf Disease Management in the Landscape
New Tools for Turf Disease Management in the Landscape
New Tools for Turf Disease Management in the Landscape
???
Modern granular carriers are improving fungicide
performance

                     Heritage G
                    Headway G
                     Disarm G
Comparison of Granular and Sprayable Fungicides

    Heritage G (3 lb)


   Compass G (4 lb)


   Disarm G (2.3 lb)


Heritage WG (0.2 oz)


          Untreated

                        0             3             6             9             12            15
                                           Brown Patch Incidence (%)

                        Granular treatments re-applied every 21 days, Heritage 50WG re-applied every 28 days
Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQ)
What’s the real environmental impact?




                            http://www.nysipm.cornell.edu/publications/eiq/
Product       Rate/1000 ft2   Interval   EIQ/month


Heritage 50WG       0.2 oz       28 days       7.3


  Rhapsody           5 oz        7 days        7.6

Bayer Fungus
                     2 lbs       14 days       28
  Control
 Scotts Lawn
                   1.35 lbs      14 days       64
Fungus Control

Daconil Ultrex      3.2 oz       14 days      538
Kentucky bluegrass diseases are becoming more common in landscapes
Mixtures help to reduce brown patch injury

                              30.0
                                                                            Coronado + Livingston
                                                                            Coronado + Midnight
  Brown Patch Incidence (%)




                              22.5




                              15.0




                               7.5




                                0
                                     100:0   97.5:2.5                95:5            90:10
                                               Mixing Ratio (% by weight)

Mixtures planted in Oct 1999
Data collected on 29 Jun 2001
Mixtures are by weight, not number of seeds




         Tall Fescue           Kentucky Bluegrass
       500 seeds/gram           4,800 seeds/gram
Mixtures are by weight, not number of seeds

    Mix Ratio       Tall Fescue   Kentucky Bluegrass
    TF:KBG           Seeds (#)         Seeds (#)


      90:10          204,000           218,000



      95:5           216,000           109,000



     97.5:2.5        221,000           54,000
Turfgrass populations may shift over time....

                      100
                                                                    %TF in 1999
                                                                    %TF in 2002

                       75
Percent Tall Fescue




                       50



                       25



                        0
                            100:0     97.5:2.5            95:5       90:10
                                    Seed Ratio By Weight (TF:KBG)
Dollar spot is active when lows are above 50ºF and highs are below 90ºF
Summer patch is active when soil temperatures are above 65ºF
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New Tools for Turf Disease Management in the Landscape

  • 1. New Tools for Turf Disease Management in the Landscape Lane Tredway Associate Professor and Extension Specialist Department of Plant Pathology North Carolina State University
  • 2. Turf diseases are stress-induced
  • 3. Turf diseases are stress-induced
  • 4. Turf diseases are stress-induced
  • 5. Many diseases appear similar from a distance
  • 6. Identification of the affected turf species is essential for accurate disease diagnosis Tall fescue • ridged upper leaf surface Kentucky bluegrass • smooth upper leaf surface
  • 7. Each Turf Species Has Unique Problems Tall Fescue • brown patch, gray leaf spot, Pythium blight Kentucky bluegrass • dollar spot, summer patch, Pythium blight, rust, powdery mildew
  • 8. Symptoms: change in the appearance of the plant Stand Symptoms • a change in the appearance of the turf, evident from a distance Plant Symptoms • a change in the appearance of the plant
  • 9. Signs: evidence of the presence of a pathogen mycelium sclerotia Pythium blight red thread
  • 14. turfpathology.org: How to follow along... turfpathology.org facebook.com/turfpathology twitter.com/ncturfpathology feeds.feedburner.com/turfpathology
  • 24. Rhizoctonia diseases are the most common and destructive in landscape turfgrasses. brown patch of tall fescue large patch of zoysiagrass caused by Rhizoctonia solani caused by Rhizoctonia solani
  • 25. QoI and DMI Fungicides for Rhizoctonia control QoI Fungicides DMI Fungicides Compass Bayleton Disarm Banner Heritage Eagle Insignia Torque Tourney QoI + DMI Combinations Trinity Armada Disarm M Headway
  • 26. The QoI fungicides have revolutionized Rhizoctonia control
  • 27. QoI Fungicides: A Growing Chemical Class • Heritage (1996) • Compass (1999) • Insignia (2004) • Disarm (2008)
  • 28. Fungicide Prices: What do they mean? Product Cost per lb Heritage $ 365 Compass $ 300 Banner Maxx $289 (gal) Bayleton $ 81 Eagle $ 73 ProStar $ 50 SysStar $ 43 3336 $ 22 ConSyst $ 12
  • 29. Brown patch control in tall fescue, Charlotte, 2003. Heritage (0.2 oz) Heritage (0.1 oz) Compass (0.25 oz) Compass (0.15 oz) Insignia (0.9 oz) Insignia (0.5 oz) Banner Maxx (2 oz) Bayleton (1 oz) Eagle (0.6 oz) Untreated 0 20 40 60 80 Brown Patch Incidence (%)
  • 30. Fungicide Recommendations for Brown Patch Control Recommended Recommended Product $/acre/day Rate (/1000 ft2) Interval (days) Disarm 0.18 fl oz 28 $5 Heritage 50WG 0.2 oz 28 $7 Heritage TL 1 fl oz 28 $7 Compass 0.2 oz 21 $10 Insignia 0.7 oz 28 $10 ProStar 2.2 oz 28 $10
  • 31. QoI and DMI Fungicides for Rhizoctonia control QoI Fungicides DMI Fungicides Compass Bayleton Disarm Banner Heritage Eagle Insignia Torque Tourney QoI + DMI Combinations Trinity Armada Disarm M Headway
  • 32. Brown patch control in tall fescue, Raleigh, 2009. 15 Heritage TL (1 oz) Tourney (0.37 oz) Trinity (2 oz) Untreated 11.25 Brown Patch Incidence (%) 7.5 3.75 0 19-Jun 26-Jun 7-Jul 29-Jul 3-Aug Treatments applied on 8 Jun, 7 Jul, and 13 Aug
  • 33. DMI + QoI combination products control the most important landscape diseases
  • 34. QoI + DMI Products for Landscape Turf Headway azoxystrobin + propiconazole (Heritage + Banner) Armada trifloxystrobin + triadimefon (Compass + Bayleton) Disarm M fluoxastrobin + myclobutanil (Disarm + Eagle)
  • 35. Brown patch control in tall fescue, 2004 Heritage (0.2 oz, 28 day) Compass (0.25 oz, 28 day) Armada (0.6 oz, 21 day) Armada (1.2 oz, 21 day) Armada (1.2 oz, 28 day) Untreated 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Brown Patch Incidence (%)
  • 36. Brown patch control in tall fescue, 2006 Armada (1.2 oz) Armada (0.6 oz) Heritage TL (2 fl oz) Heritage TL (1 fl oz) Heritage TL (0.5 fl oz) Headway (3 fl oz) Headway (2 fl oz) Headway (1.5 fl oz) Headway (0.75 fl oz) Untreated 0 3 6 9 12 15 Brown Patch Incidence (%)
  • 37. Brown Patch Control: Combination Products A.I.s Trade Name Rate/1000 ft2 Interval $/acre/day trifloxystrobin Armada 1.2 21 day $9 + triadimefon flutolanil + SysStar 2.2 28 day $9 thiophanate azoxystrobin + Headway 1.5 28 day $14 propiconazole
  • 38. What about granular fungicides?
  • 39. Comparison of granular and sprayable fungicides, Charlotte, 2003. Systemic Fungicide G (87 oz) 3336 (4 oz) Fungicide VII G (85 oz) Bayleton (1 oz) Untreated 0 20 40 60 80 Brown Patch Incidence (%)
  • 40. Bayleton (1 oz) Fungicide VII (85 oz)
  • 44. ???
  • 45. Modern granular carriers are improving fungicide performance Heritage G Headway G Disarm G
  • 46. Comparison of Granular and Sprayable Fungicides Heritage G (3 lb) Compass G (4 lb) Disarm G (2.3 lb) Heritage WG (0.2 oz) Untreated 0 3 6 9 12 15 Brown Patch Incidence (%) Granular treatments re-applied every 21 days, Heritage 50WG re-applied every 28 days
  • 47. Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQ) What’s the real environmental impact? http://www.nysipm.cornell.edu/publications/eiq/
  • 48. Product Rate/1000 ft2 Interval EIQ/month Heritage 50WG 0.2 oz 28 days 7.3 Rhapsody 5 oz 7 days 7.6 Bayer Fungus 2 lbs 14 days 28 Control Scotts Lawn 1.35 lbs 14 days 64 Fungus Control Daconil Ultrex 3.2 oz 14 days 538
  • 49. Kentucky bluegrass diseases are becoming more common in landscapes
  • 50. Mixtures help to reduce brown patch injury 30.0 Coronado + Livingston Coronado + Midnight Brown Patch Incidence (%) 22.5 15.0 7.5 0 100:0 97.5:2.5 95:5 90:10 Mixing Ratio (% by weight) Mixtures planted in Oct 1999 Data collected on 29 Jun 2001
  • 51. Mixtures are by weight, not number of seeds Tall Fescue Kentucky Bluegrass 500 seeds/gram 4,800 seeds/gram
  • 52. Mixtures are by weight, not number of seeds Mix Ratio Tall Fescue Kentucky Bluegrass TF:KBG Seeds (#) Seeds (#) 90:10 204,000 218,000 95:5 216,000 109,000 97.5:2.5 221,000 54,000
  • 53. Turfgrass populations may shift over time.... 100 %TF in 1999 %TF in 2002 75 Percent Tall Fescue 50 25 0 100:0 97.5:2.5 95:5 90:10 Seed Ratio By Weight (TF:KBG)
  • 54. Dollar spot is active when lows are above 50ºF and highs are below 90ºF
  • 55. Summer patch is active when soil temperatures are above 65ºF
  • 56. turfpathology.org: How to follow along... turfpathology.org facebook.com/turfpathology twitter.com/ncturfpathology feeds.feedburner.com/turfpathology