1. Grammar Practice
1
PARALLEL STRUCTURE
I/. Choose the correct completion in parentheses:
1.
Hamlet is one of Shakespeare’s finest and most (famous, famously) plays
2.
On my vacation I lost a suitcase, broke my glasses and (missing, missed) my plane.
3.
Walking briskly for 30 minutes or (run, running) for 15 minutes will burn an approximately equal
number of calories.
4.
Slowly and (cautious, cautiously), the firefighter ascended the charred staircase.
5.
The comedian made people laugh by telling jokes and (making, make) funny faces.
6.
Tina is always understanding, patient, and (speaks sensitively, sensitive) when helping her friends
with their problems.
7.
Not only the post office but also all banks (closes, close) on most national holidays.
8.
When tourists visit a new city, they often have trouble deciding where to go and how (they can
get, to get) there.
9.
Both the Indian cobra snake and the king cobra (uses, use) poison from their fangs in two ways:
by injecting it directly into their prey or (spit, by spitting) it into the eyes of the victim.
10.
What do people in your country think of bats? Are they mean and (scary, scare) creatures, or are
they symbols of happiness and (lucky, good luck)? In western countries, many people have an unreasoned
fear of bats. According to scientist Dr. Sharon Horowitz, bats are beneficial and (harmless, harm)
mammals. “When I was a child, I believed that a bat would attack me and (tangle, tangled) itself in my
hair. Now I know better,” said Dr. Horowitz.
Contrary to popular western myths, bats do not attack humans and (be, are) not blind. Though a few
bats may be infected, they are not major carriers of rabies or (give people other dread diseases, other
dread diseases). Bats help natural plant life by pollinating plants, (spread seeds, and eat insects;
spreading seeds, and eating insects). If you get rid of bats that eat overripe fruit, then fruit flies flourish
and (destroying, can destroy) the fruit industry. According to Dr. Horowitz, they make loving, trainable,
and (gentle, gently) pets. Not many people, however, are known to have bats as pets, and bats themselves
prefer to avoid people.
II/. Write “C” if the parallel structure is CORRECT. Write “I” if it is INCORRECT, and make any
necessary corrections.
1. …… I admire him for his intelligence, cheerful disposition, and he is honest.
2. …… Abraham Lincoln was a lawyer and a politician.
3. …… When Ann moved, she had to rent an apartment, make new friends, and found a job.
4. …… Barb studies each problem carefully and works out a solution.
5. …… Aluminum is plentiful and relatively inexpensive.
6. …… Many visitors to Los Angeles enjoy visiting Disneyland and to tour movie studios.
7. …… Children are usually interested in but a little frightened by snakes.
8. …… Either fainting can result from a lack of oxygen or a loss of blood.
9. …… So far this term, the students in the writing class have learned how to write thesis statements,
organize their material, and summarizing their conclusions.
10. …… The boat sailed across the lake smoothly and quiet.
11. …… When I looked more closely, I saw that it was not coffee but chocolate on my necktie.
12. …… Not only universities support medical research but also many government agencies.
13. …… Physics explains why water freezes and how the sun produces heat.
14. …… All plants need light, a suitable climate, and an ample supply of water and minerals from the
soil.
15. …… With their keen sight, fine hearing, and refined sense of smell, wolves hunt day or night in quest
of elk, deer, moose, or caribou.
III/. Identify the error:
1.
Ceramics can be harder, light, and more resistant to heat than metals.

2. Grammar Practice
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A
B
C
D
Some methods to prevent soil erosion are plowing parallel with the slopes of hills, to plant trees
A
B
C
D
and rotating crops.
3.
Fertilizers are used primarily to enrich soil and increasing yield.
A
B
C
D
4.
The tongue is the principle organ of taste, and is crucial for chewing, swallowed, and speaking.
A
B
C
D
5.
The duties of the new secretary are to answer the telephone, to type letters,…………..
A. and to do the bookkeeping
B. do the bookkeeping
C. and do the bookkeeping.
D. and the bookkeeping.
6.
The trap-door spider makes a hole in the ground, lines it with silk, and closing it with a hinged
door.
A
B
C
D
7.
Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Great Gatsby is about the pursuit of wealthy, status, and love in the
1920s.
A
B
C
D
8.
Feathers keep birds warm and dry also enable them to fly.
A
B
C
D
9.
Overpopulation is a short way to lead to poor, illiteracy, and social evils.
A
B
C
D
10.
Physical therapists help patients relearn how to use their bodies after disease or injure.
2.
A
11.
B
C
D
What you do has more effect than what to say.
A B
C
D
(CD 2009) Successful salespeople know their products thoroughly ___ .
A. and the needs of the market understood
B. but the needs of the market are understood properly
C. and understand the needs of the market properly D. understanding the needs of the market
13.
(CD 2012) Wood is an excellent resource for heating homes, cooking food, and build houses.
A
B
C
D
14.
(DH 2008) Helen likes to listen to music, to go to the cinema, to chat on the phone and going shopping.
A
B
C
D
15.
(DH 2010) The team leader demanded from his team members a serious attitude towards work, good team
A
B
C
spirit, and that they work hard.
D
16.
(DH 2011) The first important requirements for you to become a mountain climber are your strong passion
A
B
C
and you have good health.
D
17.
(DH 2011) A professor of economy and history at our university developed a new theory of the relationship
A
B
between historical events and financial crises.
C
D
18.
(DH 2012 – A1) A lot of people stop smoking because they are afraid their health will be affected and
early death.
A
B
C
D
19.
(DH 2012 – D) The Oxford English Dictionary is well known for including many different meanings of
A
B
C
words and to give real examples.
D
20.
(DH 2012 – D) Working as a volunteer gives her a chance to develop her interpersonal skills, promote
friendship, and______ her own talent.
A. discovering
B. to discover
C. discover
D. discovered
12.
REPORTED SPEECH (1)

3. Grammar Practice
3
I/. Put in “tell” or “say”:
1.
All the experts ................. the earth is getting warmer.
2.
Did you ........... Mark and Sarah how to find our house?
3.
The Sales Manager is going to .............. everyone about the meeting.
4.
Vicky, why don’t you just ................ what the matter is?
5.
They ......... they’re going to build a new Disney World here.
6.
What did Natasha .......... about her holiday plans?
7.
Could you .......... me the way to the train station, please?
8.
The company should ........... its employees what’s going on.
9.
You shouldn’t ...................... lies, you know, Matthew.
10.
Did you ......... anything to Melanie about the barbecue?
II/. Reported STATEMENTS:
1.
They said, “This is the book we have been looking for.”
………………………………………………………………
2.
Her sister said, “I don’t like this flower.”
………………………………………………………………
3.
“This book isn’t mine,” Mary said to me.
………………………………………………………………
4.
He said, “I can’t get into the house because I lost my key.”
………………………………………………………………
5.
“We’re very busy now, but we will have more time tomorrow,” said the boys.
………………………………………………………………
III/. Reported COMMANDS:
1.
He said to me, “Don’t blame me. It’s not my mistake.”
………………………………………………………………
2.
My father said, “Buy me some grapes and get me a newspaper.”
………………………………………………………………
3.
He said to he, “Forgive me if I say too much.”
………………………………………………………………
4.
Tom said to her, “Don’t talk about this story anymore.”
………………………………………………………………
5.
“Sit down and tell me what is worrying you,” he said to the little girl.
………………………………………………………………
IV. Reported QUESTIONS:
1.
'What did you think of the performance yesterday?'
-> She asked me ……………………………
2.
'Who were you looking for?'
-> He asked me ……………………………
3.
'How can I solve the problem?'
-> I wondered ………..
4.
“Did someone ring me an hour ago?” she said to me.
-> She ………………………………………………………
5.
“What time is the flight?” I said.
-> I wanted to know ………………………………………
6.
“Have you hurt yourself?” she said to the little boy.
-> ………………………………………………………………
7.
“Did you lend them your camera, Mary?” said he
-> He ………………………………………………………………
8.
“Is the box made of cardboard?” she said.
-> She wanted to know………………………………………….
REPORTED SPEECH WITH TO-inf & V-ing (2)

4. Grammar Practice
4
I/. Rewrite the sentences
1.
The teacher said to Greg, “Keep your eyes on your own paper.”
-> The teacher warned ………………………………………………
2.
My parents said to me, “You may stay up late on Saturday night.”
-> My parents allowed ………………………………………………
3.
The judge said, "You must pay a fine of fifty dollars, Mr. John"
-> The judge ordered ……………………………………………………..
4.
Bill said, "Don't touch this hot pot."
-> Bill warned …………………………………………………..
5.
"Don't be late for the meeting tomorrow."
-> Mary reminded .....................................
6.
"I will not accept this contract," said Sheila.
-> Sheila refused ………………………………………………
7.
"Yes. I'll lend you that CD tomorrow."
-> She agreed………………………
8.
"Sure. I'll stage my live show next year."
-> He promised …………………
9.
The hijacker said to the pilot, “Land the plane or I’ll shoot you.”
-> The hijacker threatened ……………………………………
10.
“Would you like to go for a ride in my car?”
-> He invited …………………………………………………
II/. Rewrite the sentences
1.
"Why don't we go to the movies tonight?"
-> He suggested …………………………………………….
2.
"Thank you for helping me," the old lady said to me.
The old lady thanked ………………………………………..
3.
"I didn't break into her house," the man said.
-> The man denied ………………………………………..
4.
"You're lying," the detective said to him.
-> The detective accused ………………………………………..
5.
"I hope you'll forgive me for coming so late," the student said to the teacher.
->The student apologized ………………………………………..
6.
"You can't run out of the garden," Ms Kelly said to the children.
-> Ms Kelly prevented ……………………………
7.
"I feel like seeing you soon, Susan," said her mother.
-> Her mother looked forward ……………………………
8.
"People have a right to say what they think", she said.
-> She said we couldn't stop ……………………………
9.
The manager said to the workers, "You have done excellent work this month.”
-> The manager congratulated ……………………………
10.
"I always want to run my own business", she said to me.
-> She told me that she dreamed ……………………………
III/. Choose the most suitable verb in each reported sentence:
1.
"Would you like to come on a picnic with us?" -> He …………us to come on a picnic with them.
A. advised
B. ordered
C. invited
D. begged
2.
"If you don't give me a pay rise, I'll resign." -> He …………his boss to give him a pay rise.
A. reminded
B. ordered
C. warned
D. threatened
3.
"Can I borrow your pencil?" -> He …………to borrow my pencil.
A. asked
B. begged
C. demanded
D. offered
4.
"I must know your decision soon." -> Her parents …………
to know her decision soon.
A. ordered
B. demanded
C. threatened
D. reminded

5. Grammar Practice
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5.
"Don't forget to go to the supermarket after work." -> She ………… her husband to go to the supermarket
after work.
A. ordered
B. asked
C. reminded
D. warned
6.
"If you can't find anyone else, I'll drive you to the airport." -> He ………to drive her to the airport.
A. offered
B. invited
C. refused
D. begged
IV. Choose the best answer:
1.
She reassured me that she ………the card.
a. had posted
b. has posted
c. was posting
d. posts
2.
When I was little, my father gave me some advice. He said ……… to the strangers.
a. I shouldn’t talk
b. that shouldn’t talk
c. don’t talk
d. that I don’t talk
3.
“Should we turn left or go straight?” “Hmm, I’m not sure which way ……”
a. do we turn
b. to turn
c. should we turn
d. it turned
4.
What did that man say ……………?
A. at you
B. for you
C. to you
D. you
5.
She ………her holiday in Finland.
a. said me about
b. told about
c. said about
d. told me about
6.
I don’t know why Susan didn’t go to the meeting. She said …………
a. she will definitely go
b. she was definitely going
c. she had definitely gone
d. she is definitely going
7.
The librarian asked us …………………so much noise.
a. don't make
b. not make
c. not making
d. not to make
8.
Somebody forgot this hat. I wonder …………….
a. whose is this hat
b. whose hat this is
c. whose hat is
d. is this whose hat.
9.
“What did your grammar teacher want to talk to you about?”
“I did badly on the last test. She ………………studied for it.”
a. said why hadn't I
b. said why I hadn't
c. asked why hadn't I d. asked why I hadn't
10.
“Hi Bob. Did you take the job?” Bob's friend asked him ………………
a. did he take the job.
b. whether you took the job.
c. if he had taken the job.
d. had he taken the job.
11.
Jack asked his sister_______.
A. where you have gone tomorrow
B. where she would go the following day
C. where would she go the following day
D. where you will go tomorrow
12.
Peter apologised_______.
A. me for phoning not earlier
B. not to phone me earlier
C. for not phoning me earlier
D. not for phoning me earlier
13.
I _________ him to sell that old motorbike.
A. said to
B. suggested
C. advised
D. recommended
14.
My parents reminded me ________ the flowers.
A. remember to plant B. not to plant to plant C. to plant
D. planting
15.
Our new neighbours wanted to know ……
A. where the nearest store had been
B. where the nearest store was
C. where was the nearest store
D. where is the nearest store
16.
We were wondering how …………to the concert on time.
A. could we get
B. are we going to get C. we could get
D. can we get
17.
"You ought to slow down a bit," the doctor told him.
A. The doctor begged him to slow down.
B. The doctor made him slow down.
C. The doctor threatened him to slow down.
D. The doctor advised him to slow down
18.
Kate said, "You are not as intelligent as I thought, Bill."
A. Kate had thought that Bill was stupid.
B. Kate had thought that Bill was more intelligent.
C. In Kate 's opinion, Bill was not so intelligent as her. D. Kate told Bill to think about his intelligence.
19.
"No, I didn't steal anything from her, "'said Henry.
A. Henry confirmed that he had stolen things from her. B. Henry refused to steal things from her.
C. Henry denied stealing things from her.
D. Henry said no to stealing things from her.
20.
"Don't forget to go to the supermarket after work," said Pete's wife.
A. Pete's wife reminded him to go to the supermarket after work.
B. Pete's wife invited him to go to the supermarket with her after work.

6. Grammar Practice
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C. Pete's wife warned him to go to the supermarket after work.
D. Pete's wife allowed him to go to the supermarket after work.
DTDH 2006
1. "If I were you, I would take the job," said my room-mate.
A. My room-mate was thinking about taking the job.
B. My room-mate advised me to take the job.
C. My room-mate introduced the idea of taking the job to me.
D. My room-mate insisted on taking the job for me.
2. "Leave my house now or I'll call the police!" shouted the lady to the man.
A. The lady threatened to call the police if the man didn't leave her house.
B. The lady said that she would call the police if the man didn't leave her house.
C. The lady told the man that she would call the police if he didn't leave her house.
D. The lady informed the man that she would call the police if he didn't leave her house.
3. "Cigarette?" he asked. "No, thanks." I said.
A. He asked for a cigarette, and I immediately refused.
B. He mentioned a cigarette, so I thanked him
C. He offered me a cigarette, but I promptly declined.
D. He asked if I was smoking, and I denied at once.
4. "It's too stuffy in this room, isn't it?" said the guest.
A. The guest suggested that the room should be aired.
B. The guest remarked that the room should be aired.
C. The guest said that the room was too crowded.
D. The guest said that there was too much stuff in the room.
5. The doctor said, "You really ought to rest for a few days, Jasmine."
A. Jasmine's doctor insisted that she should rest for a few days.
B. The doctor suggested that Jasmine should take a short rest.
C. It is the doctor's recommendation that Jasmine rested shortly.
D. The doctor strongly advised Jasmine to take a few days' rest.
6. "I will pay back the money, Gloria." said Ivan.
A. Ivan apologized to Gloria for borrowing her money.
B. Ivan offered to pay Gloria the money back
C. Ivan promised to pay back Gloria's money.
D. Ivan suggested paying back the money to Gloria
7. "Would you like to come to my birthday party, Sarah?" asked Frederic.
A. Frederic invited Sarah to his birthday party.
B. Frederic asked if Sarah was able to come to his birthday party.
C. Frederic asked Sarah if she liked his birthday party or not.
D. Frederic reminded Sarah of his coming birthday party.
DTDH 2010
8. "Would you like some more beer?" he asked.
A. He wanted to invite me for a glass of beer.
B. He asked me if I wanted some beer.
C. He asked me would I like some more beer.
D. He offered me some more beer.
9. “We’re having a reunion this weekend. Why don’t you come?” John said to us.
A. John asked us why we didn’t come to a reunion this weekend.
B. John simply asked us why we wouldn’t come to a reunion.
C. John didn’t understand why we came to a reunion.
D. John cordially invited us to a reunion this weekend.
10. “Stop smoking or you’ll be ill,” the doctor told me.
A. The doctor advised me to give up smoking to avoid illness.
B. I was ordered not to smoke to recover from illness.
C. The doctor suggested smoking to treat illness.
D. I was warned against smoking a lot of cigarettes.