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Presentation: Ch. 11

     Scott Overly
       Bio 120
Suffixes
• - dipsia
• - emia
- dipsia
• Excessive thirst: Polydipsia
• a medical symptom in which the patient
  ingests abnormally large amounts of fluids
  by mouth. The word is made from the
  words poly meaning many and dipsia which
  means thirst. The fluid is usually water,
  though some people may think of alcohol
  because of the etymologically related term
  dipsomaniac, meaning an alcoholic.
Polydipsia
almost always associated with dehydration due to
 polyuria, if the condition is prolonged beyond a few
 hours in those with functioning kidneys.
 It is often found in diabetics, one of the initial symptoms,
 and in those who fail to take their anti-diabetic
 medications or whose dosages have become
 inadequate. It is also caused by other conditions such
 as osmotic diuresis and diabetes insipdus ("water
 diabetes"), and forms part of the differential diagnostic
 tree for them.
 Polydipsia is also a symptom of atropine or belladona
 poisoning. Another cause can be due to medication
 (such as diuretics) or consumption of caffeine. One who
 drinks nothing but coffee or soda can be easily
- emia
• Hypercalcemia:      • - emia: blood
  Condition of          condition
  excessive calcium
  in the blood        • Hyper- over,
                        above

                      • Cal - calcium
Function
• plays an important role in contracting muscles,
  releasing hormones and ensuring that your
  nerves and brain function properly. High
  calcium levels can interfere with these
  processes.
• The main cause of hypercalcemia is
  overactivity in one or more of your parathyroid
  glands, which regulate blood calcium levels.
• Other causes of hypercalcemia include
  cancer, some medications and excessive use
  of calcium and vitaminD supplements.
Symptoms
•   Nausea and vomiting
•   Loss of appetite
•   Excessive thirst
•   Frequent urination
•   Constipation
•   Abdominal pain
•   Muscle weakness,Muscle and joint aches
•   Confusion,Lethargy,and fatigue
Treatments
• Intravenous fluids to rehydrate you
• Loop diuretic medications to help flush
  excess calcium from your system and keep
  your kidneys functioning
• Intravenous bisphosphonates, a group of
  drugs that includes pamidronate (Aredia) and
  zolendronate (Zometa), to prevent bone
  breakdown
Treatments
• Calcitonin, a hormone produced by your
  thyroid gland, to reduce bone reabsorption and
  slow bone loss
• Glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) to help
  counter the effects of too much vitamin D in
  your blood caused by hypercalcemia
• Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis to
  remove excess waste and calcium from your
  blood if your kidneys are damaged and you
  don't respond to other treatments
References
• www.mayclinic.com
• Medical Terminology: A Living Language
  (ed.4th). Fregman, Bonnie F., & Suzanne S.
  Frucht. Pearson, Upper Saddle River, New
  Jersey

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Presentation11

  • 1. Presentation: Ch. 11 Scott Overly Bio 120
  • 3. - dipsia • Excessive thirst: Polydipsia • a medical symptom in which the patient ingests abnormally large amounts of fluids by mouth. The word is made from the words poly meaning many and dipsia which means thirst. The fluid is usually water, though some people may think of alcohol because of the etymologically related term dipsomaniac, meaning an alcoholic.
  • 4. Polydipsia almost always associated with dehydration due to polyuria, if the condition is prolonged beyond a few hours in those with functioning kidneys. It is often found in diabetics, one of the initial symptoms, and in those who fail to take their anti-diabetic medications or whose dosages have become inadequate. It is also caused by other conditions such as osmotic diuresis and diabetes insipdus ("water diabetes"), and forms part of the differential diagnostic tree for them. Polydipsia is also a symptom of atropine or belladona poisoning. Another cause can be due to medication (such as diuretics) or consumption of caffeine. One who drinks nothing but coffee or soda can be easily
  • 5. - emia • Hypercalcemia: • - emia: blood Condition of condition excessive calcium in the blood • Hyper- over, above • Cal - calcium
  • 6. Function • plays an important role in contracting muscles, releasing hormones and ensuring that your nerves and brain function properly. High calcium levels can interfere with these processes. • The main cause of hypercalcemia is overactivity in one or more of your parathyroid glands, which regulate blood calcium levels. • Other causes of hypercalcemia include cancer, some medications and excessive use of calcium and vitaminD supplements.
  • 7. Symptoms • Nausea and vomiting • Loss of appetite • Excessive thirst • Frequent urination • Constipation • Abdominal pain • Muscle weakness,Muscle and joint aches • Confusion,Lethargy,and fatigue
  • 8. Treatments • Intravenous fluids to rehydrate you • Loop diuretic medications to help flush excess calcium from your system and keep your kidneys functioning • Intravenous bisphosphonates, a group of drugs that includes pamidronate (Aredia) and zolendronate (Zometa), to prevent bone breakdown
  • 9. Treatments • Calcitonin, a hormone produced by your thyroid gland, to reduce bone reabsorption and slow bone loss • Glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) to help counter the effects of too much vitamin D in your blood caused by hypercalcemia • Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis to remove excess waste and calcium from your blood if your kidneys are damaged and you don't respond to other treatments
  • 10. References • www.mayclinic.com • Medical Terminology: A Living Language (ed.4th). Fregman, Bonnie F., & Suzanne S. Frucht. Pearson, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey