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Apache coneu 2009-adrian-trenaman-adopting-open-source-in-the-enterprise
1.
Adopting Open Source
in the Enterprise ApacheCon Europe 2009 Track: Business Level: Overview Adrian Trenaman Distinguished Consultant http://trenaman.blogspot.com
2.
Ade's Consultancy Map
© 2009 Progress Software Corporation
3.
Agenda Open Source
is a very big word... • ... so is 'Enterprise' • Let's focus on adoption of Apache-based Open Source for Middleware and Integration. • Focus on in ISVs, SIs, and large enterprises. • Focus on ServiceMix, ActiveMQ, CXF, Camel • Discussion: • Why adopt open source? • Who is driving the adoption? • How is open source being adopted? What works? What doesn't? The role of the OS vendor. • What are the implications? © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
4.
Some context...
Source: Gartner © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
5.
Aside... “Opinion is
the lowest form of fact” • And yet, strangely, we value respected opinion greater that facts themselves. • The opinions and observations in this presentation are based on years of experience in open source 'from the trenches' – Thanks to Wolfgang Schulze, Roland Tritsch, Rich Bonneau, Rich Newcomb, Martin Murphy, Andreas Gies, Ashwin Karpe, ... and others at Progress. • “Flattery gets you nowhere” • You are a fabulously intelligent audience... • ... probably in the top 10% of coders / hackers / architects / business-people in the world! • Remember: it is a mistake to believe everyone else will be as passionate / excellent / brilliant / committed as you. © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
6.
Aside (cont')
commons | changing | challenging | rewarding • “Proof by analogy is fraud” ... and yet, analogy is very useful in helping us discuss and flesh out ideas. Open Source Code ≈ Mountains Open Source Vendor ≈ Mountain Guide © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
7.
Why are enterprises
adopting open source? © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
8.
Motivations for adopting
open source Price is a deciding factor. • ... price is not the deciding factor • Any investment [time or money] requires an investigation of risk and ROI. • Price (or rather, price scalability) is very important for SIs, ISVs, and enterprises with large-scale or geography-wide deployment. – Some closed-source vendors haven't figured this out. • Agility • Faster detection and resolution of issues cuts development time and increases time-to-market • Control • Avoid vendor lock-in (only applies to permissive licenses) © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
9.
Motivations for adopting
open source (cont') Quality. • Sometimes the open source alternative is simply better. • Better = wider adoption, easier to use, multi-platform, standards- based. © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
10.
Who is driving
adoption? 0 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
11.
Adoption
Top-down • Sabre: CTO initiative to adopt standards-based, open-source container – Adopted ServiceMix / ActiveMQ in their Supplier Side Gateway project. – 1.5m transactions per day; 14 months zero down-time. • US Federal Aviation Authority – http://www.swim.gov – System Wide Information Management – Towards NGATS (Next Generation Air Transportation System) • Bottom-up • Retail-pharmacy: application manager sketched solution with gregorgrams, and implemented using EIPs in ServiceMix 1 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
12.
Driving adoption top-down
from the CT(I)O or program level Make a strategic plan around open source • Vision. Goals. Milestones. Resources. • Involve technology leaders in your organization. • You won't succeed without their buy-in. • Create a centre of competence around chosen open-source technologies • We'll discuss this in more detail later on. • Execute the plan. • “The plan rarely survives contact with the enemy” • You've opened the door: make sure there's someone to walk through it. 2 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
13.
Aside: Open Source
Maturity Model (TM) OSMM from http://www.navicasoft.com provides a framework to assess 'maturity' of an open source product. • Maturity: a number based on weighted assessment of different areas – Functionality – Training – Documentation – Support – Integration • Threshold of acceptance is then based on the your organization – Innovator, or – Pragmatist 3 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
14.
Bottom-up adoption
Driven at a project level by architects and senior engineers • Drivers: code quality, standards, ease-of-access, cost, ... • Sometimes skunk-works projects bubble up to the service. • e.g. replacement for JEE stack at a major financial services company. • e.g. Integration backbone for another major FS company. • Tends to emerge in organizations who pride themselves in their engineering expertise. • “Hang on a minute: we can do this better/cheaper/faster with open-source” 4 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
15.
Open Stealth
Avoid big-bang, boil-the-ocean approaches • Many will resist. • Particularly, and ironically, your IT department, the bastion of conservatism. • Select a 'beach-head' project. • With clear, strategic value and potential for 'poster-child' success • Make it successful... – ... and use it as a platform for organizational learning. • Successful innovation attracts followers (think of Apple!) – ... build a constituency; gather support. • Plan wider roll-out. 5 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
16.
Adoption in the
enterprise “Open the door...” Technology recommendations Vendor selection CTO / CIO Evangelism Centre of competence Office Beach-head More Projects More Projects Roll-out in Project other projects Architects/ Project Managers “...Walk through it” “... Learn what works” Business case Use your best people Requirements Get outside help if Compelling event necessary Prepare to learn 6 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
17.
Community Involvement 7
© 2009 Progress Software Corporation
18.
Download 'n' Go!
Can you just freeload? • How engaged with the community/source must you be? • Depends on how mature the source is. Here's one way of looking at it: projects are either nascent, active or mature. • Where there is innovation, there will be issues. Enhancements/ New Features Time Nascent Active Mature 8 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
19.
Model 1: No
interaction with community Treat the project as a product • No need to download the source, just the binaries please! • Suited to mature open source projects; e.g. Apache Server, PostgreSQL, Open Office, ... • Suited to 'product' rather than 'framework' style projects. – Product: finished article; does what is says on the tin. – Framework: tools or building blocks with which to build solutions. • Enterprise Community Users 9 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
20.
Model 2: Direct
interaction with community Hmmm: this project is great, but needs more work... we're happy to help! • Ideal for nascent projects, and early adopters • Engineers can become committers, and drive adoption. • But does it scale? – Must all engineers have intimate knowledge of the code? – What if I use n open source projects? – ... ? Enterprise Community Users 0 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
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The dark side
of the source Good fences make good neighbors • Clear boundaries tend to be a good thing! • Opening up the code can “increase the problem space” • Abstractions make things easier; detail makes things more complex. • 7 ± 2 concepts at a time, please. • Cross fertilization of code can be mind boggling. • “I once found myself debugging jetty continuations...” • Not all developers have time for (or are up to) the challenge. • This is not a criticism; just a fact of life. 1 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
22.
Enterprise vs. Community:
culture clash? “I value the finished product.” • => “I can't stand incomplete product.” • “I'm focussed on my work” • => “I do not want to help you with yours” • “I want my team to be actively contributing to achieving its goals” • => “I do not want them 'distracted' by community work” • “I should be able to use this without knowing the nuts and bolts” • => “You can use it best by understanding the nuts and bolts” 2 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
23.
The successful project
team In any project team, there are: • Achievers (top 20%): motivated, talented, engaged • Adequates (top 75%): need direction, effective when given a cookie cutter. • Wasters (the rest): Useless. Move them on if you can. Contain them if you can't. • When it comes to projects adopting open-source, attitude is the most important thing. • Open-Source Positive. – Focus on solutions through the source, not problems due to the source. • Hire for attitude and ability, train for skill. – Consider training as necessary but not sufficient. – Need training + practice + coaching. 3 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
24.
Scaling open-source knowledge
The problem is not the achievers. They will always adopt the 'right attitude'. The problem is the adequates. Or rather, how to make/keep them effective. 4 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
25.
The Law of
Comparative Advantage Entities should specialize in areas where they have competitive advantage. • E.g.: I am very good at DIY. On my weekends, should I: • Put in a patio? or • Provide $$$ consultancy services? • I may have absolute advantage, however, LoCA says I should specialize. • I win, as does the landscaper. David Riccardo (source Wikipedia) 5 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
26.
Scaling open-source knowledge
(cont') So, how do we apply LoCA to teams where only a few players have absolute advantage in open source? 6 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
27.
In a team
of, say, ten... In the 80-20 model, two things can happen. • 'Hero' model: two guys do all the work, eight guys watch by in amazement, shock and awe. – The eight step back and take on peripheral tasks. – Very like the 'Mythical Man Month' surgical-team model. Except in that model, everyone had a assertive, positive role. – Drawbacks: high-dependency, fatigue, fracture, prima-donnas. • • 'Lever' model: two guys work out the architecture, the patterns, the archetypes. – Their role is to lead by example. – Their focus: remove blocks for the eight. – Drawbacks: need the right kind of hero. 7 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
28.
LoCA in action
– lever model We know the achievers have absolute advantage. • But they should focus on architecture, patterns, technology expertise, mentoring. • The challenge is to stop them doing everything and get them to act as enablers rather than doers. • The adequates have comparative advantage on some aspects. • Local domain knowledge. Implementation (based on patterns). Testing. Documentation. • The challenge is to make sure that blocks are removed. • 8 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
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... Model 3:
Centre of competence Larger enterprises can use a CoC to leverage specialization. • Create a dedicated technology/architecture group to own the relationship with the community. • Let rest of organization become 'users', focussed on the core business. – Projects can pull-in skills and resources from the CoC. Enterprise Center of Competence Enterprise Community Users 9 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
30.
Role of an
open source centre of competence Provide regular stable releases of project(s) • Potentially with in-house fixes • Track issues and merge fixes to community • Maintain a 'forge' • For internal releases and internal projects / plugins • SCM, Issue-management, Wiki, Forums, IRC, Maven ... • Support developers • Training, documentation, how-to, use-cases, patterns ... • Enforce licensing compliance Enterprise Center • of Competence Evangelize open source technology & philosophy Enterprise Users Community 0 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
31.
Enterprises will support
themselves unless the cost associated with that support exceeds the cost of outsourcing it. 1 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
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Out-sourcing the centre
of competence Vendors can play a part as an out-sourced centre of competence. • “We can resolve your issues faster and cheaper than you can” • Stay agile, reduce cost. • Prefer 'part-sourced' rather than 'out-sourced' • Stay in control. Centre of Competence Vendor Enterprise Community Users 2 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
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Getting it wrong.
Remember the project phases? • Nascent, active, mature • The worst mistake is to misjudge an open-source project. • “Hmmm. I'll use a commodity open source framework... • ... with adequate developers ... • ... and I'll save massive amount of money!” • If the project is active, there will be issues • .. which will require a team of committed, engaged, quality developers. • ... and, perhaps, a culture change. – Pro-active, code-hunting, engaging. 3 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
34.
Aside: Progress OSCoC
Team of consultants dedicated to Open Source • Contributors, committers • Goals: • Make users successful • Drive adoption (writing, blogging, contributing, forums, initiatives, ...) • “Scale out” skills throughout the larger PS organization 4 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
35.
Back to the
hills! Is a trusted guide going to get you there quicker, safer and easier? 5 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
36.
Advice: enterprises should
simplify rules around licensing 6 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
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Understand Open Source
Licensing Some licenses such as GPL can be restrictive. • GPL: if you use this GPL software in your solution, and then redistribute, then your software must also be GPL. • Dual-licensers tend to use GPL: any competitor who attempts to improve on the code must release these improvements to the community for free! • • LGPL (Library/Lesser GPL): you can link LGPL software with your own commercial non-LGPL software, so long as it is not considered a “derivative work”. • Definition of “derivative work” is ambiguous and untested. • Apache License: simply provide an acknowledgement, disclaimer and copyright notice. Very Friendly! 7 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
38.
Keep it simple,
keep it safe. Example policy for a software vendor using open-source internally • Legal department vets all licenses used in products to ensure compliance with license T&C’s Apache (v1.1, v2.0), BSD, MIT, X, OpenSSL, OpenSSLeay CPL v1.0, EPL, LGPL, MPL No: unless certain conditions ? are met GPL 8 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
39.
What can we
do to increase adoption? 9 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
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From a community
perspective... Make heroes out of technical writers. • Why are they less important than engineering committers? • Their input can drive adoption. • They can impact on the perception of risk – Use cases, patterns, ... • Reduce source-code 'barrier to entry'. • Surely there must be a way to mark 'trails' in the code? • Automatically discover well-trod execution / browse paths. • Make it easy for adopters to submit success stories • Templates? Gentle nudges on the forums? 0 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
41.
From a user's
perspective Contribute to the source! • Raise issues, even when you find workarounds. • “Poor usability is a bug” - raise issues when something annoys you. • Submit demonstrations • If your project has been successful, tell the world! • And if it's not, don't grumble in silence. Tell the world! 1 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
42.
Thing's we're doing
beyond the Source Progress Knowledge Services • Major documentation drive, impacting Apache & FUSE materials. – Reference Material – User Guides – Deployment Guides • Progress Professional Services • Phase 0 initiative: the first two hours after download. – Getting Started Screen-casts – Webinars • Usability on common use-cases. • Technology white-papers • Masterclass Webinars 2 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
43.
Summary
Adoption is driven from many areas: top-down and bottom up • Nothing builds success like success • Thing big, start small. • OS project maturity plays a big part in how you adopt • Design your team to facilitate specialization • Vendors play a part in reducing costs through specialization • Knowing the territory is key – the “mountain guide” • Vendors play a part in 'rounding out' the project. • Documentation, ease-of-use, education, etc. 3 © 2009 Progress Software Corporation
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