Isep m2 m - iot - course 1 - update 2013 - 09122013 - part 2 - v(0.5)

Internet of Things :
from Theory to Practice,
beyond the Hype

Introduction to M2M/IoT
Market
Technology Roadmap
& Standards
Part 2/3
Thierry Lestable (MS’97, Ph.D’03)
Technology & Innovation Manager, Sagemcom

Disclaimer
• Besides Sagemcom SAS’, many 3rd party
copyrighted material is reused within this
brief tutorial under the ‘fair use’ approach,
for sake of educational purpose only,
and very limited edition.
• As a consequence, the current slide set
presentation usage is restricted, and is
falling under usual copyright usage.
• Thanks for your understanding!
© Thierry Lestable, 2012

2

ToC – Part 1
• Market
• Internet of Things (IoT)
– RFID/QR codes/Augmented Reality/NFC
– Governance rules
• Architecture
• Capillary Networks & Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
– KNX/ISA-100/W-HART/Bluetooth/Zigbee/ANT+/WiFi
11ac/ad/Direct
– IPSO/6LoWPAN/ROLL
• Smart Home
– Z-wave/Wavenis
– DLNA/UPnP
– Management (BBF)
• WAN - LTE

3

ToC- Part 2
•
•
•

•

•

•
•
•

WiFi/Cellular Convergence
WiMAX – M2M
Smart Grids
– Use cases/Features/Overview
– SGCG/M490
– SMCG/M441
– G3 PLC/PRIME
– Governance
Smart Vehicles (ITS)
– DSRC/WAVE/802.11p
– EC Mandate/ETSI/ITS-G5
– Use cases/Features
Cloud
– Gaming
– TV Connected
• Smart TVs
• Thin Clients/Stream boxes
• PVR
Standardization & industry Alliances
Net neutrality
Conclusions & Perspectives
– French Market
– Worldwide Forecast


Part 3 (Final slot)

4

IoT – Commuting Time

ATAWADAC = Any Time Any Where Any Device Any Content

6

Smart City
What we are looking for….ultimately…

Whilst avoiding ‘Big Brother’ & maintaining ‘Privacy’…

7

Traffic Explosion & Social
Networks / OTT

50%
901 million

500 Million
Mobile users

Mobile traffic forecasts 2010-2020: Worlwide
Total mobile traffic

•As a conclusion, total worldwide mobile traffic will reach more than 127 EB
in 2020, representing an 33 times increase compared with 2010 figure.
Total mobile traffic (EB per year)

140.00

Yearly traffic in EB

120.00
100.00
Europe
Americas

80.00

Asia
60.00

Rest of the world
W orld

40.00
20.00
2010

2015

2020

Source: IDATE


9

Wireless M2M: 4 pillars


10

RFID Communication platform


11

Id Tag B2C scenario example


12

NFC: 3 operating modes

Universal Mobile Wallet


13

IoT – European Vision 2020


14

IoT, European Commission
• Need for Governance Actions
– Privacy & protection of personnal Data
– Trust, Acceptance & Security
– Standardization
Internet of Things

Internet of Things for People


15

High Level (simplified) M2M
Architecture
Capillary
Network

Operator
platform
M2M
Gateway

Client
Application


16

Capillary Network &
Wireless Sensors Network
(WSN)
Key Technologies
From proprietary solutions
towards IP smart objects…

Smart Digital Home


18

Home Network Convergence
Video
Security

Screen

Femtocell

Set Top Box

HGW

BROADBAND HOME NETWORK

Meter

Access Environme
Appliance
Control
nt
Sensor

eHealth
Sensor

SENSOR NETWORK
Energy Managt, Home Control, eHealth

Quadruple Play

QoS / Plug and Play / Easy install / Security

Portable Applications
OSGI
TR69

TR69 / SNMP

DLNA
UPnP
IP V4 / V6
Ethernet, WiFi, Home Plug , USB, G.Hn

IP V6
6LoWPAN / ZigBee
ZigBee, CPL, MBUS, X10

DECT, FXS, 3G/4G

19

WAN – Cellular Systems
3GPP LTE & WiMAX

5G is coming!


Source: Huawei

21

5G Technology Roadmap

Source: Huawei

22

Vertical Markets in LTE


23

Wireless Broadband Systems mapping


24

Global Mobile Traffic
Exabytes (1018) per Month
10.8 EB

6.9 EB

4.2 EB
2.4 EB
0.6 EB

1.3 EB

70%

10.8 EB

6.9 EB

4.2 EB
2.4 EB
0.6 EB

1.3 EB


25

213 Networks launched in 81 Countries
260 by end of 2013!
+126 Million LTE Subsc. (Q2’13)

LTE Subscribers – More than
126 Million worlwide (Q2’2013)
Source: Informa

LTE subs. In Millions

35,6 Million (Q2’13)
10 Million (Q2’13)
3 Million (Q2’13)

N.A = 51,4%
APAC = 43,4%
Europe = 3,7%
RoW = 1,5%

15 Million (Q2’13)
11 Millon (Q2’13)

LATAM is just starting to roll-out.
Still LTE infancy.

6 Million (Q2’13)

98 million LTE subs. added over past year
350% annual growth!

LTE subscribers Forecast
(thousands) Worldwide
By 2015, Around 379 Million LTE subscribers

#1


28

LTE Ecosystem is maturing fast!
Smart Phones

M-Tablets

DSL-Routers

+ USB Dongles + Netbooks, etc…

29

LTE Devices: 1064 products
Number of Manufacturers with LTE
Portfolio: 111 (+66% over past year)
Smartphones: 360
x4 annual growth
31%
(August 2013)

Growth

Internal CONFIDENTIAL document | LTE – STB - 2013 |
This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
.

LTE Devices categories @1800MHz
LTE @1800 (B3) used in +43%
commercial Networks
322 LTE User Devices @1800MHz

91 networks deployed @1800MHz,
23 more on-going Roll-outs
Ecosystem is mature enough to provide
such profile

Internal CONFIDENTIAL document | LTE – STB - 2013 |
This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization
.

LTE Parallel evolution path to 3G

DL: 21Mbps (64QAM)
DL: 28Mbps
[2x2 MIMO & 16QAM]
DC-HSPA + 64QAM
2x2 MIMO & 64QAM


32

Global UMTS Subscriber Growth Forecast

HSPA+ will still play an active role
In near future, both as migration
and complementary to LTE.
3G will keep playing a Key role
In Future!
Multi-Radio chips (2G/3G/LTE)


34

Main benefits from LTE


35

Main benefits from LTE

• Full Packet Switched (PS)

no MSC

• no RNC
• Self-Organizing Networks (SON)

• CSFB, SRVCC
• Hotspot Offload

• Cat 4. DL: 150Mbps / UL: 50Mbps (2x2 MIMO)
• BW up to 20MHz
• Default Bearer & QoS

• Mobility up to 350Km/h
• Latency < 5ms
• QoS & IMS | ICIC

• BW: 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20MHz
• new Bands: 2.6GHz, 700/800 MHz (Digital Dividend)

• GSMA (VoLTE), LSTI, NGMN, GCF, Femto Forum


36

3GPP LTE System architecture
IMS: IP Multimedia Subsystem
PCRF: Policy, Charging Resource Function
UE: User Equipment
MME: Mobility Management Entity
S-GW: Serving Gateway
P-GW: Packet Gateway
HSS: Home Subcriber Server
EPC: Evolved Packet Core
EPS: Evolved Packet System = EPC + E-UTRAN
E-UTRAN: Evolved UTRAN
PMIP: Proxy Mobile IP

DHCP

LTE – Rel.8


37

LTE Product Design
Price

LTE Cat 3
5

LTE Cat 4

4
Support

LTE Cat 5, 7
3
2

IPR

VoLTE

1
0

Carrier Aggregation
(CA)

chip sales
US Market
Commercial

eMBMS

Certification
Single LTE option

HSPA
CDMA

Spectrum (Freq + BW)

Terminal Category
Duplex Scheme (FDD/TDD)
Voice
Data
CSFB, VoIP, VoLTE, SRVCC
Multi-Radio Vs Single LTE
Carrier Aggregation
eMBMS
Positionning (Lpp)

Defining LTE Product
requires identifying &
prioritizing
many possible options

Worldwide Mobile Broadband
Spectrum
FDD: 2x70MHz FDD: 2x35MHz
TDD: 50MHz

FDD Hong-Kong
7

AWS

metroPCS

TeliaSonera
Vodafone
O2
…

3

2600

1800

Major TD-LTE Market
(incl. India)

China Mobile
Genius Brand
CSL Ltd
…

Verizon
AT&T
21
1500

NTT DoCoMo

Refarming and Extensions are still to come…
Fragmentation & Harmonization of Spectrum
is a critical problem!

Digital Dividend
39

LTE Roll-out Worldwide Vs
Spectrum Band fragmentation

Source:Huawei


40

Wireless M2M: Radio Spectrum, LTE Rel.12
Bands Fragmentation
FDD Bands
400
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31

900

1400

1900

TDD Bands
2400

2900

500

3400

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44

Highly fragmented bands have direct impact onto Products
Profiles, industrialization, and thus PRICE!

M2M/IoT CPEs are
Highly costsensitive!

4000

Carrier Aggregation (CA): Intra-Band /
Combinations [Rel.12]
Contiguous
1900

2100

2300

2500

2700

2900

CA_1

CA_7

15+15/20+20

CA_38

Non-Contiguous

10+20/15+15/20+20

CA_40

1500

1700

1900

2100

2300

2500

CA_41

10+20/15+15/15+20/20+20
5/10/15/20

CA_4-4

CA_25-25

5/10

Promising solutions….
BUT…
CA_41-41

10/15/20

2700

2900

Carrier Aggregation: Inter-Bands
combinations (Rel.12)

Pros: Innovative solutions to cope (somehow) with Fragmentation
Cons: i) Need for Over-dimensionned Chipsets
ii) Risk for Profiles Roll-out / lack of visibility w.r.t deployments & refarming
BOM is directly hit

Carrier Aggregation:
Geographical Burden

Source:Qualcomm


44

LTE-(A) Terminal Categories
Carrier Aggregation (CA)

Rel.8

Rel.10
(LTE-A)

Peak Data rate (Mbps)
Category
DL
UL
1
10
5
2
50
25
3
100
50
4
150
50
5
300
75
6
300
50
7
300
150
8
1200
600
•
•
•

Max BW
(MHz)
20
20
20
20
20
20 - 40
20 - 40
20 - 40

MIMO (DL)
2 SS
4 SS

Cat.3 is widely deployed & mature
Cat.4 is being released this year, and the first to
propose CA (10+10)
Cat 7 is coming next year: CA (20+20) & 4x4 MIMO

N.B: iPhone 5s, use QC
MDM9615 (Cat.3)

Voice in LTE (VoIP, CSFB, VoLTE, SRVCC)
CSFB: Circuit Switch Fall-Back
SRVCC: single Radio Voice Call
Continuity

LTE Roll-out maturity

CSFB

VoLTE = IMS VoIP (SIP)

LTE only allowed
Multi-Radio

VoLTE is still not widely
deployed. Requires CAPEX
(IMS) & complex PCRF/IMS
mechanisms

SRVCC
Multi-Radio

eMBMS
-

-

Venue-specific broadcast
- Live Sports/arena only
- Rich media
Region-specific (Local) BCAST
- Local TV news/events
Nation-wide BCAST
- World cup, NFL
File Delivery (FLUTE) / FOTA

Flexible carrier sharing [Unicast/Broadcast]
Up to 17Mbps / 10MHz BW

•

•

•

Rel .10
• Counting ‘eMBMS interested UE’
only starts from Rel.10!
• Priority between eMBMS sessions
• DASH support
Rel.11
• Service continuity
• Unicast File repair
Rel.12
• Bcast/Unicast switching based on demand
• Counting: better accuracy
• MIMO
• Emergency alert
• Longer CP

TD-LTE is gaining momentum
Strong Ecosystem growing fast…

TD-LTE is becoming a Technology of Highest interest
for Operators & Vendors


48

LTE Bearers
E-UTRAN

UE

EPC

eNB

S-GW

Internet

P-GW

Peer
Entity

End-to-end Service

EPS Bearer

E-RAB
Radio Bearer

Radio

External Bearer

S5/S8 Bearer
S1 Bearer

S1

S5/S8

Gi

QoS parameters & QoS Class
Id (QCI)
QCI

7
(NOTE 3)
8
(NOTE 5)
9
(NOTE 6)

2

Packet
Delay
Budget
(NOTE 1)
100 ms

4

150 ms

10

3

50 ms

10

5

300 ms

10

1

100 ms

10

6

300 ms

10

7

100 ms

10

300 ms

1
(NOTE 3)
2
(NOTE 3)
3
(NOTE 3)
4
(NOTE 3)
5
(NOTE 3)
6
(NOTE 4)

Resource
Type

Priority

Packet
Error Loss
Rate
(NOTE 2)

10

10

Example Services

-2

Conversational Voice

-3

Conversational Video (Live Streaming)

-3

Real Time Gaming

-6

Non-Conversational Video (Buffered Streaming)

-6

IMS Signalling

GBR

-6

Non-GBR
-3

8
9

-6

Video (Buffered Streaming)
TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file
sharing, progressive video, etc.)
Voice,
Video (Live Streaming)
Interactive Gaming
Video (Buffered Streaming)
TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file
sharing, progressive video, etc.)

Source: 3GPP TS23.303

VoLTE
(IMS)

Video

VoLTE (GSMA IR.92) Timeline
Early Adopters

revolution

+1
year

General Market

craft

2011: TRIALS

2011: CSFB

2012: COMMERCIAL

+1
year

2012: TRIALS
2013: COMMERCIAL

SRVCC

« The need for 4G picocells and femtocells to enhance coverage
and boost capacity if one of the important principles for Verizon’s LTE Network. »
Tony Melone – Verizon Wireless CTO – Sept. 2009


51

Rich Communications Suite
(RCS)
contacts

File Sharing

chat

Video share

52

Rich Communications Suite
(RCS)

53

LTE Speed – Typical
Measurements (1/2)

LTE Speed – Typical
Measurements (2/2)

Verizon Wireless – LTE
Coverage Map (July 2012)

~230 Markets
200 Million POPs NOW! (2/3 coverage)
End of 2012: 400 Markets / 260 Million POPs

4G-LTE Verizon Innovation
July 2012
Smart phones

MiFi

M-Tablets

Dongles

Verizon JetPack

Galaxy Tab
551L

Droid - Xyboard

ATT Coverage map (Warning
4G = HSPA+)

~40 Markets
150 Million POPs by end 2012
National coverage by end 2013

AT&T
July 2012

Summer 2011

USB Dongle ‘Momentum 4G’

MiFi ‘Elevate 4G’

Video Requirements
Vs
Device types & resolutions

LTE (Rel.8) Terminal
Categories: Reminder
Most popular/available

LTE Discontinuous Reception (DRX)
principle

Ti: Continuous Reception ‘Inactivity Timer’
Trigger Short DRX = Micro-Sleep
Tis: Short DRX ‘Inactivity Timer’
Trigger Long DRX = Deeper Sleep

LTE Power Trace depending on
RRC states

Typical Power consumption –
use case

LTE Power Consumption – 1st
Feedbacks from Deployments

Video Requirements – Baseline
targets Vs Device types (1/2)

Source: Motorola

Video Requirements – Baseline
targets Vs Device types (2/2)

Source: Santa-Clara Univ.

LTE Video – Number of Video
Streams Per sector (estimate)

Source: Motorola

Cat.4 Terminal
DL: 150Mbps
UL: 50Mbps

Dynamic Adaptive Streaming
over HTTP (DASH)

3GPP Rel.10 (LTE-Advanced) & Beyond
Other HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming solutions

Microsoft
Silverlight
Smooth
Streaming
(MSS)

Adobe
HTTP
Dynamic
Streaming
(HDS)

Apple
HTTP
Live
Streaming
(HLS)

69

Adaptive Streaming Flow


70

Video Encoder Technology
Evolution

Video Coding Standardization Timeline

HEVC (H265) Gain ~ 40% over H264
3GPP Rel.12 (March 2014)
Available for Smartphones & Tablets in 2013 (no TV!)

Product Dimensioning:
HEVC benefits
Traffic Types (Mbps)

Video

HEVC
Resolution
3840x2160
1920x1080
1280x720


SD
Comments
HD
Comments
4Kp30
Comments

MPEG2 (H.262)
3
[2.5 - 3.5]
15
[12-18]

MPEG4 AVC (H.264)
2
[1.2-3.5]
8
[5-11]
15
[12-18]

HEVC (H2.65)
30%
0,6
[0.8-1.5]
2,4
[3-4.5]
4,5
[6-9]

Frame rate Bitrate saving average Bitrate Min saving Bitrate Max Saving
25
30,60%
22%
42,30%
50
29,20%
17%
46,30%
50
24,70%
14,60%
36,60%

73

LTE steps into
Heterogeneous Networks
HetNets

Network of Networks, Internet of Things (IoT)

Presented by Interdigital: Globecom’11 – IWM2M, Houston


75

How to solve the Capacity
crunch?
• Capacity crunch is experienced due to following major factors:
– Increased data consumption from Smartphone device
applications
– Signaling traffic overhead genereted by Smartphones
• Unoptimized applications
too frequent and useless polling
– Flat rate service plans
–

situation can be critical for some operators.

–

Need for flexible solutions = Sandbox !!

HETEROGENEOUS NETWORKS is the solution = HetNets


76

Residential Macro Data Offload

Offload via WiFi and/or Femtocell

On average, more than 70% of traffic
can still be Offloaded !

77

Offload Forecast


78

HetNets & Small Cells (LTE)


79

Femtocell ecosystem: 66 Operators
(1.99billion subscribers, 34%)


80

Femtocell ecosystem: 69 Technology
Providers

The ecosystem is now mature enough
4th IOT Plugfest in February 2012

81

Femtocell market status

36 Commercial Deployments in 23 countries,
15 Roll-out commitments in 2012


82

Femtocells Markets

Femtocells Competitive Markets

Femtocells AP Forecast - 2014
Source: Informa Telecoms & Media


83

S1

LTE Femto: HeNB

S1

S1

X2

X2

S1

S1

S1

3GPP Rel.10


84

LTE Femtocell: Home eNode B
(HeNB) 3 Options!


85

LTE Femtocell: Home eNode B
(HeNB) 3 Options!
[1]

[2]

[3]


86

HeNB OAM process
(Mgt System)


87

Residential Macro Data Offload

Offload via WiFi and/or Femtocell

On average, more than 70% of traffic
can still be Offloaded !

88

Key Findings
Global Femtocell Survey

Voice coverage
Churn Reduction
Wi-Fi
complementary
Added-value
services

• Main driver for femtocells is in-building voice coverage – and is
main driver for consumer rating of mobile operator
• Voice service improvement alone could prevent 42% of
consumers switching operator in the next 12 months
• 83% of heavy Wi-Fi phone users find femtocells very/extremely
appealing
• 68% of femtocell fans found at least one advanced femtocell
service very/extremely appealing

89

LTE Self-Organizing
Networks (SON)

LTE Self-Organizing Network
(SON) features
S1/X2 configuration


91

SON progress status w.r.t
3GPP Releases 8, 9, and 10


92

Support for Self-Configuration &
Self-Optimization
• Self-Configuration
Process
– Basic Set-up
– Automatic Registration of
nodes in the system
– Initial Radio Configuration

• Self-Optimization Process
– Ue & eNB measurements
and performance
measurements are used to
auto-tune the network


93

LTE-Advanced (Rel.10) and
Beyond (Rel.11)

Rel.11


95

LTE-Advanced: System
Performance Requirements

Support of Wider Bandwidth
Carrier Aggregation up to 100MHz
MIMO Techniques extension
DL: up to 8 layers
UL: up to 4 layers
Coordinated Multiple Point (CoMP)
(Rel.11)
Relaying
L1 & L3 relaying

Uu

Un

96

LTE-Advanced
Architecture & Services
Enhancements
• LIPA
• SIPTO
• IFOM
• Relaying
• MTC (M2M)

LTE-Advanced: Local IP Access
(LIPA)


98

LIPA solution for HeNB using
Local PDN Connection
LIPA

MME
PCRF
S1-MME

L- GW

S10

Rx

S11
Gx

L-S5
Other
HeNB

EUTRAUu

S1-U

SGW

S5

PDN GW

SGi

IMS
Internet
Etc.

Local IP acc ess network elements
E-UTRAN network elements
EPC network elements

E-UTRA UE


Packet data network (e.g. Internet,
Intranet, intra-operator IMS
provisioning)

99

LTE-Advanced: Selected IP
Traffic Offload (SIPTO)

SIPTO Traffic
CN
L-PGW

MME

RAN
S5

eNB
UE


S1-U

S-GW

S11
S5

P-GW
CN Traffic

100

LTE-Advanced: IP Flow Mobility
and Seamless Offload (IFOM)
• IP Flow Mobility and Seamless Offload
(IFOM) is used to carry (simultaneously)
some of UE’s traffic over WIFI to offload
Femto Access!

IETF RFC-5555, DSMIPv6

101

LTE-Advanced: Relaying and its
potential gain
Un
Uu


102

LTE-Advanced: Relay support

MME / S-GW

1
S1
S1

S1

MME / S-GW

X2

E-UTRAN
DeNB
S1
X2
Un

eNB

RN


103

Machine-Type Communications
(MTC) in 3GPP


104

MTC Scenarios
• MTC Device

MTC server

Operator domain

MTC
Device
MTC
Device
MTC
Device
MTC
Device

MTC
Server

API

• MTC Device <--> MTC Device
(No Server in between!)
MTC
User

MTC
Device
MTC
Device
MTC
Device
MTC
Device

Operator domain

MTC
Device
MTC
Device
MTC
Device
MTC
Device


Operator domain A

Operator domain B

MTC
Device
MTC
Device
MTC
Device
MTC
Device

MTC
Server/
MTC
User

Still Not Considered in Rel.10!!

105

3GPP MTC (High Level)
Architecture
MTCsms

MTC
Device

MTCu

3GPP
PLMN MTC
Server
IWK
Function

3GPP bearer services /
SMS / IMS

MTC
Server

MTC
Server

MTCi

MTCu:
MTCi:

MTCsms:

It provides MTC Devices access to 3GPP network for the transport of user plane and control plane
traffic. MTCu interface could be based on Uu, Um, Ww and LTE-Uu interface.
It is the reference point that MTC Server uses to connect the 3GPP network and thus
communicates with MTC Device via 3GPP bearer services/IMS. MTCi could be based on Gi, Sgi,
and Wi interface.
It is the reference point MTC Server uses to connect the 3GPP network and thus communicates
with MTC Device via 3GPP SMS.


106

3GPP MTC: Service Requirements
• Common Service REQ

• Specific Service REQ (Features)

– Device Triggering
– Addressing
Private Address Space
MTC
Device

MNO

–
–
–
–

Public Address Space
MTC
Server

Identifiers
Charging
Security
Remote Device Management


–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Low Mobility
Time Controlled
Time Tolerant
PS only
Small data Trx
Mobile originated only
Infrequent mobile Terminated
Monitoring
Priority alarm
Secure Connection
Location Specific Trigger
NW provided destination for UL
data
– Infrequent Trx
– Group based features

107

3GPP MTC: Service REQ
MTC Common Service REQ

Details

Device Triggering

MTC Device shall be able to receive trigger indications from the network and shall establish communication with
the MTC Server when receiving the trigger indication. Possible options may include:
-Receiving trigger indication when the MTC Device is offline.
-Receiving trigger indication when the MTC Device is online, but has no data connection established.
-Receiving trigger indication when the MTC Device is online and has a data connection established

Addressing

MTC Server in a public address space can successfully send a mobile terminated message to the MTC Device
inside a private IP address space

Identifiers

uniquely identify the ME, the MTC subscriber. Manage numbers & identifiers. Unique Group Id.

Charging

Charging per MTC Device or MTC Group.

Security

MTC optimizations shall not degrade security compared to non-MTC communications

Remote MTC Device
Management

The management of MTC Devices should be provided by existing mechanisms (e.g. OMA DM, TR-069)


108

3GPP MTC: Features
MTC Feature

Details

Low Mobility

MNO change 1) Frequency of Mobility Mgt procedures, or per device, 2) Location updates performed by MTC
device

Time Controlled

MTC Applications that can tolerate to send or receive data only during defined time intervals and avoid
unnecessary signalling outside these defined time intervals. Different charging can apply.

Time Tolerant

MTC Devices that can delay their data transfer. The purpose of this functionality is to allow the network operator
to prevent MTC Devices that are Time Tolerant from accessing the network (e.g. in case of radio access network
overload)

Packet Switched (PS) only

network operator shall be able to provide PS only subscriptions with or without assigning an MSISDN

Small Data Trx

The system shall support transmissions of small amounts of data with minimal network impact (e.g. signalling
overhead, network resources, delay for reallocation)

Mobile originated only

Reduce Frequency of Mobility Management Procedures (Signalling)

Infrequent Mobile Terminated

MTC Device: mainly mobile originated communications

MTC Monitoring

Detect unexpected behaviour, changes, and loss of connectivity (configurable by user)
server (other actions configurable by user)

Priority Alarm

Theft, vandalism, tampering

Secure Connection

Secure connection between MTC Device and MTC server even during Roaming.

Location Specific Trigger

initiate a trigger to the MTC Devices based on area information provided to the network operator

Network Provided Destination
for Uplink Data

MTC Applications that require all data from an MTC Device to be directed to a network provided destination IP
address.

Infrequent Transmission

The network shall establish resource only when transmission occurs

Group Based (GB) MTC
features

1 MTC device associated to 1 single MTC group. Combined QoS policy (GB policing): A maximum bit rate for
the data that is sent/received by a MTC Group shall be enforced
GB addressing: mechanism to send a broadcast message to a MTC Group, e.g. to wake up the MTC Devices
that are members of that MTC Group


Reduce Mobility Management Signalling
Warning to MTC

Precedence over aby other MTC feature (MAX priority!)

109

M2M European R&D Innovation:
FP7 EXALTED
• EXpAnding LTE for Devices


110

NGMN – LTE Backhaul

Source: Ericsson

Traffic Volume:

X2 ~ [ 4 - 10%] S1
IPSec +14%
GTP/MIP overhead ~10%

LTE Small Cells Deployment will change Rules for Backhaul Provisioning
Need for more Research
Architecture / PHY / Synchronization (e.g. PTP (1588), SyncE, Hybrid…)


111

TVWS for Backhaul


112

LTE in TVWS


113

LTE Royalty Level: Need for Patent Pool
facilitation?
LTE/SAE Declarations to ETSI by PO
4076 declarations (March 2011)

14.8%

Critical constraint
for Femtocells
is
COST EFFICIENCY!!
© 2011 Sisvel (www.sisvel.com)


114

LTE & 4G patents
$12.5 billion
6000+ patents
24000+ patents
$4.5 billion

WHO’s NEXT?…
$2.6 billion

$340 Million

$770 Million

Risk to ‘Kill’ the Business…
Especially in Vertical Markets!


115

Verizon LTE Innovation Center
LTE Connected Car

Office in the Box

Bicycle


Connected Home (incl. eHealth)

LiveEdge.TV

116

Fixed/Mobile Convergence

Source: BT Wholesale

It’s Mandatory to propose integrated Architectures
Taking advantage of Wireless/Wired systems
(e.g. 3G, LTE, WiFi, WiGig, DAS, RoF, PLC…)

118

WBA – Roadmap

Small intelligent Cross-Cell (SiXC)™


119

Hotspot 2.0 (HS2.0) - NGH
Enhancing WiFi to be more ‘Cellular’

Source: Cisco


120

WiMAX –
M2M & Smart Grids
IEEE 802.16p, 802.16n

WiMAX community turns to M2M
• IEEE 802.16p
– Machine-to-Machine (M2M)
– Approved: Sept. 2010
– Expiration: Dec. 2014

• IEEE 802.16n
(GRIDMAN)
– Smart Grids
– Emergency, Public Safety!!
• Misleading title, stands for:

• URL:
http://ieee802.org/16/m2
m/index.html

– Greater Reliability In
Disrupted Metroplotian
Area NW

– Approved: June 2010
– Expiration: Dec. 2014

• URL:
http://wirelessman.org/gri
dman/index.html

122

WiMAX based M2M Architecture

Classical WiMAX NW


123

WiMAX M2M: Requirements &
Features
•
•
•

Extremely Low Power Consumption
High Reliability
Enhanced Access Priority
– Alarms, Emergency calls etc…(Health, Public safety, Surveillance…)

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Extremely Large Numbers of Devices
Addressing
Group Control
Security
Small burst transmission
Low/no mobility
Time Controlled Operation (pre-defined scheduling)
Time Tolerant operations
One-Way Data traffic
Extremely Low Latency (e.g. Emergency..)
Extremely Long Range Access
Infrequent traffic
Looks quite similar to 3GPP MTC…


124

WiMAX M2M: Potential impacts
M2M Requirements &
Features

Potential Directions with impacts on Standard

Low Power Consumption

Idle/Sleep modes, Power savings in active mode. Link Adaptation, UL Power Ctrl,
Ctrl Signalling, Device Cooperation.

High Reliability

Link Adaptation protocol with very robust MCS. Enhanced Interference Mitigation
procedures. Device Collaboration with redundant and/or alternate paths (e.g.
diversity)

Enhanced Access priority

BW request protocol, NW entry/re-entry, ARQ/HARQ, frame structure

Transmission attemps Large
Numbers of Devices

Link Adaptation, ARQ/HARQ, frame structure, Ctrl signalling, NW entry/re-entry

Group Control

Group ID location, Ctrl signalling, paging, Sleep mode initiation, multi-cast operation,
BW request/allocation, connection Mgt protocols

Small burst transmission

New QoS profiles, burst Mgt, SMS transmission mechanism, BW request/allocation
protocols, Channel Coding, frame structure. Low-overhead Ctrl signaling for Small
Data. Smaller resource unit!

Low/no mobility

Mobility Mgt protocol. Signaling w.r.t Handover preparation & execution migt be
turned off. Idle mode. Measurements/feedback protocls, pilot structure.

Extremely Long Range access

Low & roust modulation schemes, higher power transmission

Infrequent traffic

Simplifications to Sleep/idle mode protocol

Keeping in Mind BACKWARD compatibility

125

SMART GRIDS


127

Smart Grid overview


128

Smart Energy Management


129

Smart Grid in Brief…


130

Grids meet Telcos


131

Smart Grid plane

Source: SGCG/M490/Oct.2012

DER: Distributed Energy Resources

132

Smart Grid Mapping


DER: Distributed Energy Resources

133

Smart Grid Value Chain: Actors & Roles
TSO: Transmission System Operator
GenCo: Generation Conmpany
DSO: Distribution System Operator
VPP: Virtual Power Plant
DG: Dispersed Generation


134

Smart Grid: Functional Split


135

EU Vs US
Smart Grid Strategy
EU
Background: a fragmented electricity market
Deregulation of electricity in some EC states
Vision:
Start with a smart metering
infrastructure then extend to a smart grid
network
Remote Meter
Management
Smart
Metering

Smart
Home

Consumption
Awareness
Demand
Response

US
Background: an aging power grid
Vision:
Smart meters and AMI are part of the
toolbox that allows to build a smart grid
infrastructure
Smart
Grids

Smart
Grids
AMI

Distribution
Grid
management

Electrical
Transpor
tation

Wide Area
Situational
Awareness

…

AMI: Advanced Metering Infrastructure

Need for a global (architecture) approach and for regional implementation
ETSI, as a global and EU based ICT standards organization, is ideally placed

136

Smart Grid Value chain


137

Automated Meter Management
(AMM)/Smart Meter benefits
Demand Side
Management and
reduction of CO2:

Reduction of peak load by
consumers information
Easier connection for
distributed generation Soft
shedding systems
Better network observability
Demand side management
and better fraud detection
in small isolated system will
limit tariff compensation


Automated Meter
Management:
Data storage
Events storage
Remotely managed

Reduction of operating
system costs:
Reduction of reading and
interventions costs
Reduction of “non technical
losses”
Reduction of treatment of
billing claim
Easier quality of supply
management
No need of user presence to
do simple operations

WellWell-functioning
internal Market:
Better consumers
information
Better frequency and
quality of billing data
Assist the participation of
consumers in the electricity
supply market
Easier access to data (IS
or TIC)
Reduction of cost and
delay of interventions

138

Smart Meters Market (USA)


140

European Commission: Mandate
M441 / Smart Meter

« The General objective of this mandate is to create
European standards that will enable interoperability of utility meters
(water, gas, electricity, heat), which can then improve the means by which
Customers’ awareness of actual consumption can be raised
in order to allow timely adaptation to their demands
(commonly referred to as ‘smart metering’) »


141

European Commission: Mandate
M441 / Smart Meter


142

Electricity Meters: French status
‘Blue’ Meter

Multi-index
electromechanical Meter

16.5 Million meters

Electronic Meter

7.5 Million meters

Linky
AMM

9 Million meters

33 millions meters, ¾ electromechanical
Only 7.5 millions meters of ERDF (French main DSO) are electronic.

Little or no communicating:
Each demand of cut, reactivation, tariff or power subscribed
modification needs a DSO intervention,
Only electronic meters have a “TIC” port transmitting metering
info.

At most two reading a year
Biannual reading by an operator needs, in 50% cases, user to be at
home.

Suppliers offers limited by access tariff structure
Suppliers can’t have their own peak, peak-off,…

143

Linky high level architecture & service
new TIC
Dry C.

GPRS

35M
meters
interoperability

Euridis port

PLC

DSO

interoperability

700k
concentrators

Users
pr ope
ot n
oc
ol

Suppliers

AMM
limit


144

Smart Metering (High level)
architecture
Wind Turbine

Home displays
TV, Computer

Data Center
Solar Panel
In-Home
Energy
Display

Wan
Communication

Light

Meters Coms
Appliances

Temperature

Breaker

Valves

Smart
Water

Smart
Gas Smart Elec.

Gateway


145

From
Smart
Home

To Smart
Building

WAN: Wifi Ethernet GPRS

Energy
Collection
Unit

WAN: Wifi Ethernet GPRS

www

LAN
Front-end
communication
server

Load
management

LAN

SAGEM
Communications

Real Time !

Energ
y
boxes

Microgeneration
Application
server

Energy
operator

ENERGY GATEWAY
AMR
Local
Display


146

Smart Metering: Deployment
illustration


147

Metering Back Office



148

Communication Networks
Mapping



149

Communication Technologies Mapping



150

G3 PLC (OFDM)
OFDM System on CENELEC band A
Extension of initial G3 PLC is now available
To cover higher CENELEC bands:
B/C/BC/D/BCD/BD : [98.4 – 146.8] KHz

G3

90 kHz

30 kHz

Co-existence
•Transformer MV/LV traversal
•Repeater capability

G1

Tone notching for
S-FSK compatibility

G3

PHY Details
FEC: Reed-Solomon (RS) + CC
(+Repetition code for robust mode)
Modulation: DBPSK, DQPSK, (D8PSK)
Link Adaptation
CP-OFDM
IETF 6LoWPAN
Nfft = 256

~34Kbps

/ LOAD Routing
MAC: IEEE 802.15.4
PHY: G3 PLC (OFDM)

151

Need for Trust, Privacy & Security
Customer behaviour (privacy) can be easily Identified, classified, and exploited commercially
intrusive.


152

Connected Home – Connected
Living


153

Smart Vehicular
environments
From Connected Car
To
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)

Smart Car connectivity


155

Smart Car: Entertainment


156

Smart Car: Entertainment
Kids VoD
News, social Net
Videos, music, sport

Music & Video
Streaming
OS,
touchscreen user interface
Media players…

LTE radio


157

Urban Transit: smart Travel Station


158

ITS overview


159

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)
Security & Safety
• Stolen vehicle tracking
• eCall Services
• Roadside Assistance
This market is expected to grow significantly thanks to country
specific regulation : in US with E911 & E912 directives (“GM Onstar”
standard launched in the Americas by GM and ChevyStar), in Brazil
with tracking device required in all new cars from mid2009; in Europe
with eCall from 2011: from 6M OBU in 2012 to 9M in 2013 (Movea).

Interests in
automotive market

Road Charge
• DSRC Module
• GPS Tolling capabilities
This market is expected to grow
significantly thanks to environmental
policies in developed countries (Toll
Collect in Germany, Czech Rep,
Kilometre Price in NL, Ecotaxe in
France) and to efficient toll collect
programs in emerging countries.


Insurance
• Monitor leased & mortgaged vehicles
• Pay as you drive solutions with Crown
Telecom 24Horas in Brazil (VW), other in
France & Italy.

Navigation & Driver Services
• Dynamic Traffic Information
• Route Calculation
• Real-time Alerts
Very fragmented market.

160

Dedicated Short Range
Communications (DSRC)
Feature
Frequency Band
Max Throughput
(Mbps)

Europe
5.8GHz
DL: 0.5
UL: 0.25

North America
915 MHz
5.9GHz

Standard

CEN

IEEE 802.11p/1609

CEN DSRC norms
EN 12253
EN 12795
EN 12834
EN 13372
EN ISO 14906

Year
2004
2003
2003
2004
2004

0.5

27

Japan
5.8GHz
DL/UL: 1
to 4
ARIB
STD
T75 &
T88

Topic
L1 - PHY @ 5.8GHz
L2 - Data Link Layer (DLL)
L7 - Application Layer
DSRC profiles for RTTT
Electronic Fee Collection

CEN DSRC is not sufficient for V2V and V2I communications!

161

WAVE, DSRC & IEEE 802.11p
• WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicular
Environments)
– Mode of operation used by IEEE 802.11 devices to
operate in the DSRC band

• DSRC (Dedicated Short Range
Communications)
– ASTM Standard E2213-03, based on IEEE 802.11a
– Name of the 5.9GHz band allocated for the ITS
communications

• IEEE 802.11p
– Based on ASTM Standard E2213-03

• DSRC Devices

162

WAVE, DSRC protocol Stack


163

WAVE: Key components
• IEEE 1609
– P1609.1: Resource Manager
– P1609.2: Security Services for Applications &
Mgt Msgs
– P1609.3: Networking Services
– P1609.4: Multi-Channel Operations


164

DSRC

North America

• New DSRC (based on 802.11a)
OLD


NEW

165

DSRC: Performance Enveloppe
North America


166

European Commission Mandate


167

European Commission Mandate
• Legal Environment

• Standard Environment


168

ETSI ITS: Roadmap 2009-2011


169

New European Allocation & PHY: ITS-G5
Frequency
Usage
range
5 905 MHz to
Future ITS
5 925 MHz
applications
5 875 MHz to ITS road safety
5 905 MHz
5 855 MHz to ITS non-safety
5 875 MHz
applications

Regulation
ECC Decision [i.9]

Harmonized
standard
EN 302 571 [1]

ECC Decision [i.9],
Commission Decision [i.13]
ECC Recommendation [i.7]
Channel type
G5CC

Channel
spacing
10 MHz

Default data
rate
6 Mbit/s

TX power
limit
33 dBm EIRP

TX power
density limit
23 dBm/MHz

5 890 MHz

10 MHz

12 Mbit/s

23 dBm EIRP

13 dBm/MHz

G5SC1

5 880 MHz

10 MHz

6 Mbit/s

33 dBm EIRP

23 dBm/MHz

G5SC3

5 870 MHz

10 MHz

6 Mbit/s

23 dBm EIRP

13 dBm/MHz

G5SC4
G5SC5

ERC Decision [i.8]
Commission Decisions [i.11] and [i.12]

Centre
frequency
5 900 MHz

G5SC2

5 470 MHz to RLAN (BRAN,
5 725 MHz
WLAN)

5 860 MHz
As required in
[2] for the
band
5 470 MHz to
5 725 MHz

10 MHz
several

EN 301 893 [2]

6 Mbit/s
0 dBm EIRP -10 dBm/MHz
dependent on 30 dBm EIRP 17 dBm/MHz
channel
(DFS master)
spacing
23 dBm EIRP 10 dBm/MHz
(DFS slave)

The physical layer of ITS-G5 shall be compliant with the profile of IEEE 802.11 –
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) PHY specification for the 5 GHz band


170

V2V and V2R Communications
• Typical V2V
applications
–
–
–
–

Accidents
Congestions
Blind spot warning
Lane change

• Typical V2R
applications
– Road Works areas
– Speed limits
– intersections

V2V: Vehicle-to-Vehicle
V2R: Vehicle-to-Roadside (infrastructure)


171

ITS: Road Transport / Safety
• R2V communications
–
–
–
–

Roadside equipment sends warning messages
On board equipment receives these messages
Driver is made aware well in advance and has more time to react
Examples
• Road works areas, speed limits, dangerous curves, intersections


172

ITS: Road Transport / Safety
• V2V communications
–
–
–
–

Dedicated vehicles send warning messages to other road users
On board equipment receives these messages
Driver is made aware of such events and can react accordingly
Examples
• Emergency services, traffic checks, dragnet controls


173

ETSI ITS: Automotive Radar
• Anti-Collision radar
– blind spot warning, lane change, obstacles, parking
– EN 302 288 (24 GHz), EN 302 264 (79 GHz)

• Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)
– define desired interval and maximum speed to follow traffic
– vehicle sets corresponding speed automatically
– increase of traffic fluidity, decrease of emissions and fuel
consumption
– EN 301 091 (77 GHz)


174

ETSI ITS: Electronic Fee Collection
• Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC)
– 5,8 GHz frequency band mostly used
– Base Standards elaborated by CEN
• EN 12795, EN 12834, EN 13372

– Specifications for Conformance Testing elaborated by ETSI
• TS 102 486 standards family

• An envisaged component of the European Electronic
Toll Service (EETS)
• Alternative deployments possible, e.g.
– fees for ferries and tunnels
– parking fees

• Unique ID required
– service provider approach


175

ETSI ITS: Road Transport
Traffic Management
• Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT)
– Navigation
– Traffic conditions
• avoiding congestions
• finding alternative routes

– Road conditions
• ice warnings
• floods

•

Real Time Traffic Information (RTTI)
– RDS-TMC (Traffic Management Channel) for FM broadcast
– Transport Protocol Experts Group (TPEG) for DAB/DMB/DVB

•

Future complementary deployments
– Vehicle-to-vehicle communications
• e.g. congestion messages delivered to broadcasters

– Roadside-to-vehicle communications
• e.g. ice sensors on bridges


176

Railways & aeronautics
• Railways
– European Rail Traffic
Management System
(ERTMS)
• GSM-R
• European Train Control
System (ETCS)

– GSM-R
• Dedicated &
harmonized frequency
band for Railways

• Air-to-Air & Air-toGround
communications &
Navigation Systems
• Single European Sky
– Moving Air Traffic Ctrl
Regulation to the European
Level

• GSM & RLAN
onboard
– LBS
– Passenger information


177

Isep m2 m - iot - course 1 - update 2013 - 09122013 - part 2 - v(0.5)

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