Cnam2015 m2 m -iot - course 2 - warming - v(0.2)

Internet of Things :
from Theory to Practice,
beyond the Hype
Introduction to M2M/IoT
Market
Technology Roadmap
& Standards
Thierry Lestable (MS’97, Ph.D’03)
Technology & Innovation Manager, Sagemcom
Part 2/3

© Thierry Lestable, 2012
2
Disclaimer
• Besides Sagemcom SAS’, many 3rd party
copyrighted material is reused within this
brief tutorial under the ‘fair use’ approach,
for sake of educational purpose only,
and very limited edition.
• As a consequence, the current slide set
presentation usage is restricted, and is
falling under usual copyright usage.
• Thanks for your understanding!

ToC – Part 1
• Market
• Internet of Things (IoT)
– RFID/QR codes/Augmented Reality/NFC
– Governance rules
• Architecture
• Capillary Networks & Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
– KNX/ISA-100/W-HART/Bluetooth/Zigbee/ANT+/WiFi
11ac/ad/Direct
– IPSO/6LoWPAN/ROLL
• Smart Home
– Z-wave/Wavenis
– DLNA/UPnP
– Management (BBF)
• WAN - LTE
3

ToC- Part 2
• WiFi/Cellular Convergence
• WiMAX – M2M
• Smart Grids
– Use cases/Features/Overview
– SGCG/M490
– SMCG/M441
– G3 PLC/PRIME
– Governance
• Smart Vehicles (ITS)
– DSRC/WAVE/802.11p
– EC Mandate/ETSI/ITS-G5
– Use cases/Features
• Cloud
– Gaming
– TV Connected
• Smart TVs
• Thin Clients/Stream boxes
• PVR
• Standardization & industry Alliances
• Net neutrality
• Conclusions & Perspectives
– French Market
– Worldwide Forecast
4
Part 3 (Final slot)

Wide Range –
IoT/M2M Technologies
Long Range Low Power (LRLP),
LTE..

Emerging De-facto LRLP
standards
Vs
‘De-facto’ standards
IOT, Multi-Vendors, Certification

ETSI LTN
7
Two dual alternatives:
- Ultra Narrow band (UNB)
- Spread Spectrum (SS)

LoRaWAN Differentiation and
Benefits
www.LoRa-Alliance.org

Strong Ecosystem Enables Deployment
Optimization
Options for Network Deployment
1.Ecosystem partner deployment – choice of commercial offerings for different components
2.Network partner – partnership with third party network manager
3.Custom development – open specification allows custom development of components
Source: LoRA alliance

Strategic IoT Use
Cases/Services (illustrations)
Source: LoRA alliance

SigFox
16
83% of Territory covered with 770
BSs (-142dBm)
Conventional GFSK signal
SigFox Network Operator (SNO) Model
- UK: Arqiva – 2015
- Netherlands: Aerea (Tele2)
- Russia: Micronet
- Spain: Abertis (Securitas)
- US: Trial, (Whistle, canine tracker)

LoRA™ Vs SigFox
17
SigFox LoRA™
Modulation UNB
DSS-like (constant
enveloppe)
Throughput 100bps [300bps - 50Kbps] * FSK is used to reach 50Kbps - SF7 = 5Kbps
Payload 10 bytes 50 bytes
Link Adaptation NO (BPSK) VSF [SF7 - SF12]
BW 100Hz 125KHz
LBT NO NO
Duty Cycle Limited YES YES
Frequency accuracy
compensated in UL
in BS, BUT problem
with DL
low (10ppm) N.B: LTE femto is 250ppb, LTE Macro is 50ppb
Channel Hopping
Yes (imposed by
Terminal)
Yes
Best Sensitivity (dBm) -142 -142
Bi-Directional NO* YES *DL to be alledgedly implemented in Q3'14 for TRIAL
Battery Life 10years 10years 600bps
Localization NO YES GFSK
Roaming Yes (SNO) To Build (Alliance) 500mW Piggy-backing
Encryption AES-128 AES-128* *based on IEEE 802.15.4 Broadcast 1,6sec
0u: 14dBm 0: 20dBm LoRA™ can adapt its Transmit Power
1u: 12dBm>P>7dBm 1: 14dBm
2u: 7dBm>P>0dBm 2: 11dBm
3u: below 0dBm 3: 8dBm
4: 5dBm
5: 2dBm
Rx: 20 Rx:10
Tx: 45 (14dBm)
Tx:18 (7dBm) | 28
(13dBm) | 90 (17dBm)|
125 (20dBm)
Idle Mode (uA) 1,5 1,5
SDR YES N/A
Power Class
Current Consumption (mA)

WAN – Cellular Systems
3GPP LTE & WiMAX

5G is coming!
19
Source: Huawei

5G Technology Roadmap
20
Source: Huawei

21
Vertical Markets in LTE

22
Wireless Broadband Systems mapping

23
Global Mobile Traffic
0.6 EB
1.3 EB
2.4 EB
4.2 EB
6.9 EB
10.8 EB
0.6 EB
1.3 EB
2.4 EB
4.2 EB
6.9 EB
10.8 EB
Exabytes (1018) per Month
70%

LTE Networks’ Deployments - 2015
360 Networks launched in 124 Countries
+450 by end of 2015!
+370 Million LTE Subsc. (Q3’14)

LTE Subscribers – More than
370 Million worlwide (Q3’2014)
Source: Ovum WCIS (GSA)
LTE subs. In Millions
APAC = 43,2%
N.A = 38,8%
Europe = 14,7%
RoW = 3,3%
+211 million LTE subs. added over past year
131% annual growth!

26
LTE Ecosystem is maturing fast!
+ USB Dongles + Netbooks, etc…
Smart Phones
M-Tablets
DSL-Routers

LTE Devices: 2646 products
(Feb’15)
Number of Manufacturers with LTE
Portfolio: +108% over past year)
Smartphones: 1395
GrowthLTE Devices Growth

LTE Devices categories @1800MHz
158 networks deployed @1800MHz,
23 more on-going Roll-outs
 Ecosystem is mature enough to provide
such profile
944 LTE User Devices @1800MHz
LTE @1800 (B3) used in +43%
commercial Networks
Internal CONFIDENTIAL document | LTE – STB - 2013 |
This document and the information contained are Sagemcom property and shall not be copied or disclosed to any third party without Sagemcom prior written authorization

LTE Bands used in
Deployments (2015)
29
TDD
312 FDD, 31 TDD, 17 FDD&TDD
Source:GSA

30
LTE Parallel evolution path to 3G
DL: 21Mbps (64QAM)
DL: 28Mbps
[2x2 MIMO & 16QAM]
DC-HSPA + 64QAM
2x2 MIMO & 64QAM

32
Global UMTS Subscriber Growth Forecast
HSPA+ will still play an active role
In near future, both as migration
and complementary to LTE.
3G will keep playing a Key role
In Future!
 Multi-Radio chips (2G/3G/LTE)

33
Main benefits from LTE

34
Main benefits from LTE
• Full Packet Switched (PS)  no MSC
• no RNC
• Self-Organizing Networks (SON)
• Cat 4. DL: 150Mbps / UL: 50Mbps (2x2 MIMO)
• BW up to 20MHz
• Default Bearer & QoS
• BW: 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20MHz
• new Bands: 2.6GHz, 700/800 MHz (Digital Dividend)
• CSFB, SRVCC
• Hotspot Offload
• Mobility up to 350Km/h
• Latency < 5ms
• QoS & IMS | ICIC
• GSMA (VoLTE), LSTI, NGMN, GCF, Femto Forum

35
3GPP LTE System architectureIMS: IP Multimedia Subsystem
PCRF: Policy, Charging Resource Function
UE: User Equipment
MME: Mobility Management Entity
S-GW: Serving Gateway
P-GW: Packet Gateway
HSS: Home Subcriber Server
EPC: Evolved Packet Core
EPS: Evolved Packet System = EPC + E-UTRAN
E-UTRAN: Evolved UTRAN
PMIP: Proxy Mobile IP
DHCP
LTE – Rel.8

LTE Product Design
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
4,5
5
Chipset comparison
Sierra Wireless Qualcomm GCT Marvell Sequans
0
1
2
3
4
5
LTE Cat 3
LTE Cat 4
LTE Cat 5, 7
VoLTE
Carrier Aggregation
(CA)
eMBMS
HSPA
CDMASingle LTE option
Certification
US Market
Commercial
chip sales
IPR
Support
Price
Chipsets Comparison
Terminal Category
Data
Voice
CSFB, VoIP, VoLTE, SRVCC
Multi-Radio Vs Single LTE
Carrier Aggregation
eMBMS
Positionning (Lpp)
Spectrum(Freq+BW)
Duplex Scheme (FDD/TDD)
Defining LTE Product
requires identifying &
prioritizing
many possible options

LTE-(A) Terminal Categories
Category DL UL 2 SS 4 SS
1 10 5 20
2 50 25 20 P
3 100 50 20 P
4 150 50 20 P
5 300 75 20 P P
6 300 50 20 - 40 P P
7 300 150 20 - 40 P P
8 1200 600 20 - 40 P P
Peak Data rate (Mbps) MIMO (DL)Max BW
(MHz)
Rel.8
Rel.10
(LTE-A)
Carrier Aggregation (CA)
• Cat.3 is widely deployed & mature
• Cat.4 is being released this year, and the first to
propose CA (10+10)
• Cat 7 is coming next year: CA (20+20) & 4x4 MIMO
N.B: iPhone 5s, use QC
MDM9615 (Cat.3)

38
Worldwide Mobile Broadband
SpectrumFDD: 2x35MHzFDD: 2x70MHz
TDD: 50MHz
21
1500
Verizon
AT&TmetroPCS
AWS
NTT DoCoMo
TeliaSonera
Vodafone
O2
…
Refarming and Extensions are still to come…
7
2600
FDD Hong-Kong
China Mobile
Genius Brand
CSL Ltd
…
Digital Dividend
3
1800
Major TD-LTE Market
(incl. India)
Fragmentation & Harmonization of Spectrum
is a critical problem!

Wireless M2M: Radio Spectrum, LTE Rel.12
Bands Fragmentation
400 900 1400 1900 2400 2900 3400
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
FDD Bands
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
TDD Bands
Highly fragmented bands have direct impact onto Products
Profiles, industrialization, and thus PRICE!
M2M/IoT CPEs are
Highly cost-
sensitive!

Carrier Aggregation (CA): Intra-Band /
Combinations [Rel.12]
1900 2100 2300 2500 2700 2900
CA_1
CA_7
CA_38
CA_40
CA_41
1500 1700 1900 2100 2300 2500 2700 2900
CA_4-4
CA_25-25
CA_41-41
Contiguous
Non-Contiguous
15+15/20+20
10+20/15+15/20+20
10+20/15+15/15+20/20+20
5/10/15/20
5/10
10/15/20
Promising solutions….
BUT…

Carrier Aggregation: Inter-Bands
combinations (Rel.12)
Pros: Innovative solutions to cope (somehow) with Fragmentation
Cons: i) Need for Over-dimensionned Chipsets
ii) Risk for Profiles Roll-out / lack of visibility w.r.t deployments & refarming
 BOM is directly hit

Carrier Aggregation:
Geographical Burden
42
Source:Qualcomm

LTE-Advanced: Carrier Aggregation
(CA)
LTE Cat 9. 3x CA
DL: 450Mbps
UL: 100Mpbs
Carrier Aggregation (CA)
up to 3 component carriers (CC)
9 systems Cat.9 in deployment, trial or test
(Jan.15)
49 commercial networks using LTE-A CA
(20 commercial on Cat.6 (300Mbps))

Voice in LTE (VoIP, CSFB, VoLTE, SRVCC)
LTE Roll-out maturity
CSFB
CSFB: Circuit Switch Fall-Back
SRVCC: single Radio Voice Call
Continuity
VoLTE = IMS VoIP (SIP)
SRVCC
VoLTE is still not widely
deployed. Requires CAPEX
(IMS) & complex PCRF/IMS
mechanisms
Multi-Radio
Multi-Radio
LTE only allowed

eMBMS
- Venue-specific broadcast
- Live Sports/arena only
- Rich media
- Region-specific (Local) BCAST
- Local TV news/events
- Nation-wide BCAST
- World cup, NFL
- File Delivery (FLUTE) / FOTA
• Rel .10
• Counting ‘eMBMS interested UE’
only starts from Rel.10!
• Priority between eMBMS sessions
• DASH support
• Rel.11
• Service continuity
• Unicast File repair
• Rel.12
• Bcast/Unicast switching based on demand
• Counting: better accuracy
• MIMO
• Emergency alert
• Longer CP
Up to 17Mbps / 10MHz BW
Flexible carrier sharing [Unicast/Broadcast]

LTE-Advanced: eMBMS (Multicast Broadcast)
eMBMS still showcased
Around 16 Trials worldwide (Cf.GSA)

47
TD-LTE is gaining momentum
TD-LTE is becoming a Technology of Highest interest
for Operators & Vendors
Strong Ecosystem growing fast…

LTE-Advanced: License Assisted Access
(LAA)
• LTE – LAA (License Assisted
Access) in Unlicensed bands
(ISM @5GHz), by E// and QC

LTE Bearers
P-GWS-GW Peer
Entity
UE eNB
EPS Bearer
Radio Bearer S1 Bearer
End-to-end Service
External Bearer
Radio S5/S8
Internet
S1
E-UTRAN EPC
Gi
E-RAB S5/S8 Bearer

QoS parameters & QoS Class
Id (QCI)
QCI Resource
Type
Priority Packet
Delay
Budget
(NOTE 1)
Packet
Error Loss
Rate
(NOTE 2)
Example Services
1
(NOTE 3)
2 100 ms 10
-2 Conversational Voice
2
(NOTE 3) GBR
4 150 ms 10
-3 Conversational Video (Live Streaming)
3
(NOTE 3)
3 50 ms 10
-3 Real Time Gaming
4
(NOTE 3)
5 300 ms 10
-6 Non-Conversational Video (Buffered Streaming)
5
(NOTE 3)
1 100 ms 10
-6 IMS Signalling
6
(NOTE 4) 6 300 ms 10
-6
Video (Buffered Streaming)
TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file
sharing, progressive video, etc.)
7
(NOTE 3)
Non-GBR
7 100 ms 10
-3
Voice,
Video (Live Streaming)
Interactive Gaming
8
(NOTE 5) 8
300 ms 10
-6
Video (Buffered Streaming)
TCP-based (e.g., www, e-mail, chat, ftp, p2p file
9
(NOTE 6)
9 sharing, progressive video, etc.)
Source: 3GPP TS23.303
VoLTE
(IMS)
Video

51
VoLTE (GSMA IR.92) Timeline
« The need for 4G picocells and femtocells to enhance coverage
and boost capacity if one of the important principles for Verizon’s LTE Network. »
Tony Melone – Verizon Wireless CTO – Sept. 2009
Early Adopters
2011: TRIALS
2012: COMMERCIAL
General Market
2011: CSFB
2012: TRIALS
2013: COMMERCIAL
craft
revolution
SRVCC
« The need for 4G picocells and femtocells to enhance coverage
and boost capacity if one of the important principles for Verizon’s LTE Network. »
Tony Melone – Verizon Wireless CTO – Sept. 2009
+2
year
+1
year

52
Rich Communications Suite
(RCS)
contacts chatFile Sharing Video share

53
Rich Communications Suite
(RCS)

LTE Speed – Typical
Measurements (1/2)

LTE Speed – Typical
Measurements (2/2)

Verizon Wireless – LTE Coverage Map
(2015)
+500 Markets!
98% US population

4G-LTE Verizon Innovation
Smart phones
Galaxy Tab
M-Tablets
Verizon JetPack
MiFi Dongles
551L Droid - Xyboard
July 2012

ATT Coverage map (Warning
4G = HSPA+)
~40 Markets
150 Million POPs by end 2012
National coverage by end 2013

AT&T
July 2012
Summer 2011
USB Dongle ‘Momentum 4G’ MiFi ‘Elevate 4G’

Video Requirements
Vs
Device types & resolutions

LTE (Rel.8) Terminal
Categories: Reminder
Most popular/available

LTE Discontinuous Reception (DRX)
principle
Ti: Continuous Reception ‘Inactivity Timer’
 Trigger Short DRX = Micro-Sleep
Tis: Short DRX ‘Inactivity Timer’
 Trigger Long DRX = Deeper Sleep

LTE Power Trace depending on
RRC states

Video Requirements – Baseline
targets Vs Device types (1/2)
Source: Motorola

Video Requirements – Baseline
targets Vs Device types (2/2)
Source: Santa-Clara Univ.

LTE Video – Number of Video
Streams Per sector (estimate)Source: Motorola
Cat.4 Terminal
DL: 150Mbps
UL: 50Mbps

67
Dynamic Adaptive Streaming
over HTTP (DASH)
3GPP Rel.10 (LTE-Advanced) & Beyond
Other HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming solutions
Microsoft
Silverlight
Smooth
Streaming
(MSS)
Adobe
HTTP
Dynamic
Streaming
(HDS)
Apple
HTTP
Live
Streaming
(HLS)

Adaptive Streaming Flow
68

Video Encoder Technology
Evolution

Video Coding Standardization -
Timeline
HEVC (H265) Gain ~ 40% over H264
 3GPP Rel.12 (March 2014)
 Available for Smartphones & Tablets in 2013 (no TV!)

Product Dimensioning:
HEVC benefits
71
HEVC (H2.65)
Traffic Types (Mbps) MPEG2 (H.262) MPEG4 AVC (H.264) 30%
SD 3 2 0,6
Comments [2.5 - 3.5] [1.2-3.5] [0.8-1.5]
HD 15 8 2,4
Comments [12-18] [5-11] [3-4.5]
4Kp30 15 4,5
Comments [12-18] [6-9]
Video
HEVC
Resolution Frame rate Bitrate saving average Bitrate Min saving Bitrate Max Saving
3840x2160 25 30,60% 22% 42,30%
1920x1080 50 29,20% 17% 46,30%
1280x720 50 24,70% 14,60% 36,60%

LTE steps into
Heterogeneous Networks
HetNets

73
Network of Networks, Internet of Things (IoT)
Presented by Interdigital: Globecom’11 – IWM2M, Houston

74
How to solve the Capacity
crunch?
• Capacity crunch is experienced due to following major factors:
– Increased data consumption from Smartphone device
applications
– Signaling traffic overhead genereted by Smartphones
• Unoptimized applications  too frequent and useless polling
– Flat rate service plans
–  situation can be critical for some operators.
–  Need for flexible solutions = Sandbox !!
HETEROGENEOUS NETWORKS is the solution = HetNets

75
Residential Macro Data Offload
Offload via WiFi and/or Femtocell
On average, more than 70% of traffic
can still be Offloaded !

76
Offload Forecast

77
HetNets & Small Cells (LTE)

78
Femtocell ecosystem: 66 Operators
(1.99billion subscribers, 34%)

79
Femtocell ecosystem: 69 Technology
Providers
The ecosystem is now mature enough
4th IOT Plugfest in February 2012

80
Femtocell market status
36 Commercial Deployments in 23 countries,
15 Roll-out commitments in 2012

81
Femtocells Markets
Source: Informa Telecoms & Media
Femtocells Competitive Markets
Femtocells AP Forecast - 2014

82
eNB
MME / S-GW MME / S-GW
eNB
eNB
S1
S1
S1
S1X2
X2
X2
E-UTRAN
HeNB HeNB
HeNB GW
S1 S1
S1
S1
HeNB
S1
S1
S5
MME / S-GW
S1
X2
X2
LTE Femto: HeNB
3GPP Rel.10

84
Residential Macro Data Offload
Offload via WiFi and/or Femtocell
On average, more than 70% of traffic
can still be Offloaded !

85
Key Findings
Global Femtocell Survey
• Main driver for femtocells is in-building voice coverage – and is
main driver for consumer rating of mobile operatorVoice coverage
• Voice service improvement alone could prevent 42% of
consumers switching operator in the next 12 monthsChurn Reduction
• 83% of heavy Wi-Fi phone users find femtocells very/extremely
appealing
Wi-Fi
complementary
• 68% of femtocell fans found at least one advanced femtocell
service very/extremely appealing
Added-value
services
6,100 consumers in 6 countrie6,100 consumers in 6 countrie

LTE Self-Organizing
Networks (SON)

87
LTE Self-Organizing Network
(SON) features
S1/X2 configuration

88
SON progress status w.r.t
3GPP Releases 8, 9, and 10
SON Concepts & Requirements
Self-Establishment of eNBs
SON Automatic Neighbour Relation (ANR) list Mgt
3GPP Rel.8
Study on SON related OAM interfaces for HNB
Study on Self-Healing of SON
SON – OAM Aspects
- SON Self-Optimization Mgt
- Automatic Radio Network Configuration Data preparation
SON
3GPP Rel.9
SON – OAM Aspects
- SON Self-Optimization Mgt Continuation
- SON Self-Healing Mgt
- OAM aspects of Energy saving in Radio Networks
LTE SON Enhancements
3GPP Rel.10

89
Support for Self-Configuration &
Self-Optimization
• Self-Configuration
Process
– Basic Set-up
– Automatic Registration of
nodes in the system
– Initial Radio Configuration
• Self-Optimization Process
– Ue & eNB measurements
and performance
measurements are used to
auto-tune the network
eNB power on
(or cable connected)
(A) Basic Setup
(B) Initial Radio
Configuration
(C) Optimization /
Adaptation
a-1 : configuration of IP address
and detection of OAM
a-2 : authentication of eNB/NW
a-3 : association to aGW
a-4 : downloading of eNB software
(and operational parameters)
b-2 : coverage/capacity related
parameter configuration
b-1 : neighbour list configuration
c-1 : neighbour list optimisation
c-2 : coverage and capacity control
Self-Configuration
(pre-operational state)
Self-Optimisation
(operational state)

91
LTE-Advanced (Rel.10) and
Beyond (Rel.11)
Rel.11

92
LTE-Advanced: System
Performance Requirements
 Support of Wider Bandwidth
 Carrier Aggregation up to 100MHz
 MIMO Techniques extension
 DL: up to 8 layers
 UL: up to 4 layers
 Coordinated Multiple Point (CoMP)
(Rel.11)
 Relaying
 L1 & L3 relaying Uu
Un
Uu
Un

LTE-Advanced
Architecture & Services
Enhancements
• LIPA
• SIPTO
• IFOM
• Relaying
• MTC (M2M)

94
LTE-Advanced: Local IP Access
(LIPA)

95
LIPA solution for HeNB using
Local PDN Connection

96
LTE-Advanced: Selected IP
Traffic Offload (SIPTO)

97
LTE-Advanced: IP Flow Mobility
and Seamless Offload (IFOM)
• IP Flow Mobility and Seamless Offload
(IFOM) is used to carry (simultaneously)
some of UE’s traffic over WIFI to offload
Femto Access!
IETF RFC-5555, DSMIPv6

98
Machine-Type Communications
(MTC) in 3GPP
3GPP Rel.8
TR 22.868
Study on Facilitating
Machine to Machine
Communications in GSM
and UMTS
3GPP Rel.9
TR 33.812
Study on Security Aspects
of Remote Provisioning
and Change of
Subscription for M2M
Equipment
3GPP Rel.10
TR 23.888
TR 22.368
Network Improvement for
Machine-Type-
Communications
(NIMTC)
Study on RAN
improvements for MTC
Study on GERAN
improvements for MTC
3GPP Rel.11
System Improvements for
MTC
(SIMTC)
Study on Alternatives to
E.164 for MTC
Study on Enhancements
for MTC
(MTC)
Stage 1, Stage 2
for NIMTC
Security for IMTC
CN part of NIMTC (Stage 3)

99
M2M European R&D Innovation:
FP7 EXALTED
• EXpAnding LTE for Devices

LTE MTC: Cat.0 (Rel.12) & Beyond
100
Source: Ericsson
MTC
• Low Cost (Reduced
complexity)
• Low throughput (1Mbps
maxi)
• Better
penetration/Coverage
• 15-20dB enhanced
• 5-10 years battery life
• Long sleep cycles
(x100)
• Add-ons
• D2D
• LTE-U

101
NGMN – LTE Backhaul
IPSec +14%
LTE Small Cells Deployment will change Rules for Backhaul Provisioning
Need for more Research
Architecture / PHY / Synchronization (e.g. PTP (1588), SyncE, Hybrid…)
X2 ~ [ 4 - 10%] S1
Traffic Volume:
Source: Ericsson
GTP/MIP overhead ~10%
Source: Ericsson

102
TVWS for Backhaul

103
LTE in TVWS

104
LTE Royalty Level: Need for Patent Pool
facilitation?
© 2011 Sisvel (www.sisvel.com)
14.8%14.8%
LTE/SAE Declarations to ETSI by PO
4076 declarations (March 2011)
Critical constraint
for Femtocells
is
COST EFFICIENCY!!

105
LTE & 4G patents
6000+ patents
$4.5 billion
$2.6 billion
$770 Million$340 Million
$12.5 billion
24000+ patents
WHO’s NEXT?…
Risk to ‘Kill’ the Business…
Especially in Vertical Markets!

106
Verizon LTE Innovation Center
Office in the Box Connected Home (incl. eHealth)
Bicycle LiveEdge.TV
LTE Connected Car

108
Fixed/Mobile Convergence
It’s Mandatory to propose integrated Architectures
Taking advantage of Wireless/Wired systems
(e.g. 3G, LTE, WiFi, WiGig, DAS, RoF, PLC…)
Source: BT Wholesale

109
WBA – Roadmap
Small intelligent Cross-Cell (SiXC)™

110
Hotspot 2.0 (HS2.0) - NGH
Built directly
into device
Built directly
into device
Built directly
into device
Multitude of 3rd Party Connection Managers:Multitude of 3rd Party Connection Managers:Multitude of 3rd Party Connection Managers:
Source: Cisco
Enhancing WiFi to be more ‘Cellular’

112
Smart Grid in Brief…

113
SMART GRIDS
G3 PLC
Residential area
Urban area
Isolated area
Bulk Generation
Hydraulic
Bulk Generation
nuclear
Industry
)))
Energy
Security
Comfort
Health
Ethernet
WiFi
3G/
LTE
FMC &
Multimedia
Micro-
generation
Micro-
generation
ADSL, FTTH,
…
Enable new Markets &
added-value Services
Provide Power Quality
For the Digital Economy
Active participation by
consumers
Self-Healing:
Anticipate & respond to
System Disturbances
Optimize Asset utilization
&
Operate efficiently
- 234 Million Smart Meters to be
deployed worldwide by end 2015
- 35 Million Smart Meters
worldwide shipment in 2015
European 20/20/20 target for year 2020:
- 20% cut in Greenhouse gas emission
- 20% rise in Renewable energy usage
- 20% cut in Energy consumption

114
Smart Grid overview

115
Smart Energy Management

116
EU Vs US
Smart Grid Strategy
EU
Background: a fragmented electricity market
Deregulation of electricity in some EC states
Vision:
Start with a smart metering
infrastructure then extend to a smart grid
network
US
Background: an aging power grid
Vision:
Smart meters and AMI are part of the
toolbox that allows to build a smart grid
infrastructure
Need for a global (architecture) approach and for regional implementation
ETSI, as a global and EU based ICT standards organization, is ideally placed
Remote Meter
Management
Smart
Metering
Smart
Home
Consumption
Awareness
Demand
Response
Smart
Grids
Smart
Grids
AMI Distribution
Grid
management
Electrical
Transpor
tation
Wide Area
Situational
Awareness
…
AMI: Advanced Metering Infrastructure

117
Smart Grid Value Chain: Actors & Roles
TSO: Transmission System Operator
GenCo: Generation Conmpany
DSO: Distribution System Operator
VPP: Virtual Power Plant
DG: Dispersed Generation

118
Smart Grid: Functional Split
IEEE 802.15.4g

Wi-SUN (IEEE 802.15.4g)
Gas/Electricity/Water Meter application
Dosimeter application
Source: NICT
Not suitable for
LRLP scenarios.
This is Field Area
Network (FAN)
category

120
Grids meet Telcos

Smart Grid Mapping
121
Source: SGCG/M490/Oct.2012
DER: Distributed Energy Resources

122
Automated Meter Management
(AMM)/Smart Meter benefits
Demand Side
Management and
reduction of CO2:
Reduction of peak load by
consumers information
Easier connection for
distributed generation Soft
shedding systems
Better network observability
Demand side management
and better fraud detection
in small isolated system will
limit tariff compensation
Automated Meter
Management:
Data storage
Events storage
Remotely managed
Automated Meter
Management:
Data storage
Events storage
Remotely managed
Well-functioning
internal Market:
Better consumers
information
Better frequency and
quality of billing data
Assist the participation of
consumers in the electricity
supply market
Easier access to data (IS
or TIC)
Reduction of cost and
delay of interventions
Reduction of operating
system costs:
Reduction of reading and
interventions costs
Reduction of “non technical
losses”
Reduction of treatment of
billing claim
Easier quality of supply
management
No need of user presence to
do simple operations

123
Smart Meters Market (USA)

124
European Commission: Mandate
M441 / Smart Meter
« The General objective of this mandate is to create
European standards that will enable interoperability of utility meters
(water, gas, electricity, heat), which can then improve the means by which
Customers’ awareness of actual consumption can be raised
in order to allow timely adaptation to their demands
(commonly referred to as ‘smart metering’) »

125
European Commission: Mandate
M441 / Smart Meter

126
Electricity Meters: French status
33 millions meters, ¾ electromechanical
Only 7.5 millions meters of ERDF (French main DSO) are electronic.
Little or no communicating:
 Each demand of cut, reactivation, tariff or power subscribed
modification needs a DSO intervention,
 Only electronic meters have a “TIC” port transmitting metering
info.
At most two reading a year
Biannual reading by an operator needs, in 50% cases, user to be at
home.
Suppliers offers limited by access tariff structure
Suppliers can’t have their own peak, peak-off,…
‘Blue’ Meter
Multi-index
electromechanical Meter
Electronic Meter
16.5 Million meters
9 Million meters
7.5 Million meters Linky
AMM

127
Linky high level architecture & service
AMM
limit
open
protocol
PLC
GPRS DSO
Suppliers
Dry C.
new TIC
Users
Euridis port interoperabilityinteroperability
35M
meters
700k
concentrators
AMM
limit
open
protocol
PLC
GPRS DSO
Suppliers
Dry C.
new TIC
Users
Euridis port interoperabilityinteroperability interoperabilityinteroperabilityinteroperability
35M
meters
700k
concentrators
Illustration : modification de puissance souscrite
L’installation électrique
disjoncte, suite à l’installation
d’un nouvel appareil électrique
1
Le client appelle son fournisseur
d’électricité qui identifie le besoin
de modification de puissance
2
Le fournisseur demande à
ERDF d’effectuer l’intervention
3
ERDF donne l’ordre à distance,
via le système Linky
La puissance est adaptée à la
demande du client, sans
intervention d’un technicien ERDF
L’installation électrique ne
disjoncte plus
4
Prestations *
réalisées à distance
Apports de Linky
A la date souhaitée
par le client
Sans intervention
technicien ERDF
* Interventions et relevés
Illustration : modification de puissance souscrite
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
disjoncte plus
4
disjoncte plus
4
Prestations *
réalisées à distance
Apports de Linky
A la date souhaitée
par le client
Sans intervention
technicien ERDF
* Interventions et relevés

128
Smart Metering (High level)
architecture
Smart Elec.
Smart
Water
Appliances
Temperature
Light
Wind Turbine
Solar Panel
Smart
Gas
Meters Coms
Home displays
TV, Computer
In-Home
Energy
Display
Breaker Valves
Gateway
Data Center
Wan
Communication

129
To Smart
Building
Front-end
communication
server
Application
server
Energy
operator
SAGEM
Communications
Energy
Collection
Unit
Energ
y
boxes
Load
management
AMR
Micro-
generation
Local
Display
From
Smart
Home
www
WAN: Wifi Ethernet GPRS
ENERGY GATEWAY
WAN: Wifi Ethernet GPRS
LAN LAN
Real Time !

130
Smart Metering: Deployment
illustration

Communication Networks
Mapping
131Source: SGCG/M490/Oct.2012

Communication Technologies Mapping
132Source: SGCG/M490/Oct.2012

133
G3 PLC (OFDM)
Tone notching for
S-FSK compatibility
30 kHz 90 kHz
Tone notching for
S-FSK compatibility
30 kHz 90 kHz
G3
OFDM System on CENELEC band A
PHY Details
FEC: Reed-Solomon (RS) + CC
(+Repetition code for robust mode)
Modulation: DBPSK, DQPSK, (D8PSK)
Link Adaptation
CP-OFDM
Nfft = 256
~34Kbps
Extension of initial G3 PLC is now available
To cover higher CENELEC bands:
B/C/BC/D/BCD/BD : [98.4 – 146.8] KHz
IETF 6LoWPAN / LOAD Routing
MAC: IEEE 802.15.4
PHY: G3 PLC (OFDM)
Co-existence
G1 G3•Transformer MV/LV traversal
•Repeater capability

134
Need for Trust, Privacy & Security
Customer behaviour (privacy) can be easily Identified, classified, and exploited commercially
 intrusive.

135
Connected Home – Connected
Living

Smart Vehicular
environments
From Connected Car
To
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)

137
Smart Car connectivity

138
Smart Car: Entertainment

139
Smart Car: Entertainment
LTE radio
Kids VoD Music & Video
Streaming
News, social Net
Videos, music, sport
OS,
touchscreen user interface
Media players…

140
Urban Transit: smart Travel Station

141
ITS overview

142
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)
Security & Safety
• Stolen vehicle tracking
• eCall Services
• Roadside Assistance
This market is expected to grow significantly thanks to country
specific regulation : in US with E911 & E912 directives (“GM Onstar”
standard launched in the Americas by GM and ChevyStar), in Brazil
with tracking device required in all new cars from mid2009; in Europe
with eCall from 2011: from 6M OBU in 2012 to 9M in 2013 (Movea).
Insurance
• Monitor leased & mortgaged vehicles
• Pay as you drive solutions with Crown
Telecom 24Horas in Brazil (VW), other in
France & Italy.
Road Charge
• DSRC Module
• GPS Tolling capabilities
This market is expected to grow
significantly thanks to environmental
policies in developed countries (Toll
Collect in Germany, Czech Rep,
Kilometre Price in NL, Ecotaxe in
France) and to efficient toll collect
programs in emerging countries.
Navigation & Driver Services
• Dynamic Traffic Information
• Route Calculation
• Real-time Alerts
Very fragmented market.
Interests in
automotive market

143
Dedicated Short Range
Communications (DSRC)
Feature Europe Japan
Frequency Band 5.8GHz 915 MHz 5.9GHz 5.8GHz
Max Throughput
(Mbps)
DL: 0.5
UL: 0.25
0.5 27
DL/UL: 1
to 4
Standard CEN
ARIB
STD
T75 &
T88
IEEE 802.11p/1609
North America
CEN DSRC norms Year Topic
EN 12253 2004 L1 - PHY @ 5.8GHz
EN 12795 2003 L2 - Data Link Layer (DLL)
EN 12834 2003 L7 - Application Layer
EN 13372 2004 DSRC profiles for RTTT
EN ISO 14906 2004 Electronic Fee Collection
CEN DSRC is not sufficient for V2V and V2I communications!

144
WAVE, DSRC & IEEE 802.11p
• WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicular
Environments)
– Mode of operation used by IEEE 802.11 devices to
operate in the DSRC band
• DSRC (Dedicated Short Range
Communications)
– ASTM Standard E2213-03, based on IEEE 802.11a
– Name of the 5.9GHz band allocated for the ITS
communications
• IEEE 802.11p
– Based on ASTM Standard E2213-03
• DSRC Devices

145
WAVE, DSRC protocol Stack

146
WAVE: Key components
• IEEE 1609
– P1609.1: Resource Manager
– P1609.2: Security Services for Applications &
Mgt Msgs
– P1609.3: Networking Services
– P1609.4: Multi-Channel Operations

147
DSRC
• New DSRC (based on 802.11a)
OLD NEW
North America

148
DSRC: Performance Enveloppe
North America

149
European Commission Mandate

150
European Commission Mandate
• Legal Environment
• Standard Environment

151
ETSI ITS: Roadmap 2009-2011

152
V2V and V2R Communications
• Typical V2V
applications
– Accidents
– Congestions
– Blind spot warning
– Lane change
• Typical V2R
applications
– Road Works areas
– Speed limits
– intersections
V2V: Vehicle-to-Vehicle
V2R: Vehicle-to-Roadside (infrastructure)

153
ITS: Road Transport / Safety
• R2V communications
– Roadside equipment sends warning messages
– On board equipment receives these messages
– Driver is made aware well in advance and has more time to react
– Examples
• Road works areas, speed limits, dangerous curves, intersections

154
ITS: Road Transport / Safety
• V2V communications
– Dedicated vehicles send warning messages to other road users
– On board equipment receives these messages
– Driver is made aware of such events and can react accordingly
– Examples
• Emergency services, traffic checks, dragnet controls

155
ETSI ITS: Automotive Radar
• Anti-Collision radar
– blind spot warning, lane change, obstacles, parking
– EN 302 288 (24 GHz), EN 302 264 (79 GHz)
• Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)
– define desired interval and maximum speed to follow traffic
– vehicle sets corresponding speed automatically
– increase of traffic fluidity, decrease of emissions and fuel
consumption
– EN 301 091 (77 GHz)

156
ETSI ITS: Electronic Fee Collection
• Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC)
– 5,8 GHz frequency band mostly used
– Base Standards elaborated by CEN
• EN 12795, EN 12834, EN 13372
– Specifications for Conformance Testing elaborated by ETSI
• TS 102 486 standards family
• An envisaged component of the European Electronic
Toll Service (EETS)
• Alternative deployments possible, e.g.
– fees for ferries and tunnels
– parking fees
• Unique ID required
– service provider approach

157
ETSI ITS: Road Transport
Traffic Management
• Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT)
– Navigation
– Traffic conditions
• avoiding congestions
• finding alternative routes
– Road conditions
• ice warnings
• floods
• Real Time Traffic Information (RTTI)
– RDS-TMC (Traffic Management Channel) for FM broadcast
– Transport Protocol Experts Group (TPEG) for DAB/DMB/DVB
• Future complementary deployments
– Vehicle-to-vehicle communications
• e.g. congestion messages delivered to broadcasters
– Roadside-to-vehicle communications
• e.g. ice sensors on bridges

158
New European Allocation & PHY: ITS-G5
Frequency
range
Usage Regulation Harmonized
standard
5 905 MHz to
5 925 MHz
Future ITS
applications
ECC Decision [i.9]
ECC Decision [i.9],
Commission Decision [i.13]
5 855 MHz to
5 875 MHz
ITS non-safety
applications
ECC Recommendation [i.7]
ERC Decision [i.8]
Commission Decisions [i.11] and [i.12]
EN 302 571 [1]
5 875 MHz to
5 905 MHz
ITS road safety
5 470 MHz to
5 725 MHz
RLAN (BRAN,
WLAN)
EN 301 893 [2]
ITSroadsafety(ITS-G5A)
FutureITSapplications
ITSnon-safetyapplications(ITS-G5B)
5 500 5 550 5 600 5 650 5 700 5 750 5 800 5 850 5 900 MHz
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
dBm/MHz
30 DSRC
downlink
DSRC
uplink
DSRC out
of band
BRAN / RLAN / WLAN (ITS-G5C)
Channel type Centre
frequency
Channel
spacing
Default data
rate
TX power
limit
TX power
density limit
G5CC 5 900 MHz 10 MHz 6 Mbit/s 33 dBm EIRP 23 dBm/MHz
G5SC2 5 890 MHz 10 MHz 12 Mbit/s 23 dBm EIRP 13 dBm/MHz
G5SC4 5 860 MHz 10 MHz 6 Mbit/s 0 dBm EIRP -10 dBm/MHz
30 dBm EIRP
(DFS master)
17 dBm/MHz
23 dBm EIRP
(DFS slave)
10 dBm/MHz
dependent on
channel
spacing
G5SC5 As required in
[2] for the
band
5 470 MHz to
5 725 MHz
several
The physical layer of ITS-G5 shall be compliant with the profile of IEEE 802.11 –
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) PHY specification for the 5 GHz band

159
Railways & aeronautics
• Railways
– European Rail Traffic
Management System
(ERTMS)
• GSM-R
• European Train Control
System (ETCS)
– GSM-R
• Dedicated &
harmonized frequency
band for Railways
• Air-to-Air & Air-to-
Ground
communications &
Navigation Systems
• Single European Sky
– Moving Air Traffic Ctrl
Regulation to the European
Level
• GSM & RLAN
onboard
– LBS
– Passenger information

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