The document discusses and compares causal analysis and system analysis approaches. Causal analysis aims to identify causes and effects through statistical modeling, assuming a closed system. System analysis views systems as made of interacting elements in reciprocal relationships, without assuming closure or directionality. The document considers whether the approaches can be complementary or are opposed due to differing assumptions. It argues their assumptions clash too much for complementarity and system analysis currently lacks clear methods, though could address some limitations of causal analysis.
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Causalanalysis Systemics
1. Causal analysis and system analysis: complementarity or opposition? Federica Russo Philosophy, Louvain & Kent
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22. A case study: health system and mortality 54 4 13 34 12 2 X 1 Economic development X 2 Social development X 3 Sanitary infrastructures X 4 Use of sanitary infrastructures X 5 Age structure Y Mortality
Stability/invariance correspond to theoretical saturation or informational redundancy in qualitative analysis
knowledge of the causal context is given by knowledge of the political, economic and social situation in Spain over the decades 1970-1980, which led to a low mortality rate at the time of the study. Knowledge of the socio-political context makes clearer the modelling strategy of this study. In fact, previous studies in demography and medical geography examined the incidence of the health system on regional mortality coming to the conclusion that regional differences in mortality could not possibly be explained by regional differences in the health system. However, Spain met deep socio-economic changes in the mid-Seventies, and consequently policy in that period simultaneously tried to intervene on improving the social and economic situation. mortality is influenced by the health system which is in turn influenced by the social and economic development. It is this background that explains the choice of distinguishing the supply and demand of medical care, unlike the majority of similar ecological studies.