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Neocolonialism
 Born in Blood and Fire, Chapter 6
Opera House, Manuas, Brazil



“When [companies] pulled out – because of a banana blight or new corporate strategy –
all that these multinational installations left behind was ex-banana choppers with no
job, no land, no education and a lot of missing fingers.” 189
“….’If one rubber baron bought a vast yacht, another would install a tame lion in
his villa, and a third would water his horse on champagne.’ And nothing was
more extravagant than the opera house, with its Italian marble, Bohemian glass,
gilded balconies, crystal chandeliers, Victorian murals, and a dome bathed in
the colors of the national flag.

Prefabricated in Europe and costing an estimated ten million dollars in
taxpayers’ money, the opera house was shipped in pieces more than a thousand
miles up the Amazon River, where laborers were deployed around the clock to
assemble it, working at night under Brazil’s first electric lightbulbs.

It didn’t matter that almost no one from Manaus had heard of Puccini or that
more than half the members of a visiting opera troupe eventually died of yellow
fever. This was the apotheosis of the rubber boom”.
                                                              The Lost City of Z
EXPORT BOOM

“The direct beneficiaries of this export
bonanza were the large
landowners, whose property values
soared with the approach of the
railroad tracks.” 183


“The arrival of the railroad benefitted
the owners of large Mexican estates by
raising property values. But it drove a
lot of peasants off the land, allowing
the landlords to extend their
holdings, make landless peasants their
employees, and multiply their profits.”
184


“Bananas were a neocolonial
nightmare for the palm-studded coasts
of the Caribbean.” 187
PORFIRIATO
                                                                                        • Positivism =
                                                                                          “order and progress”

                                                                                         A funny thing happened to the
                                                                                         liberals of Latin America during
                                                                                         their comeback of the 1860s and
                                                                                         1870s. Once in control, they forgot
                                                                                         about the political freedoms they
                                                                                         had demanded under the
                                                                                         conservative caudillos. Democracy
                                                                                         now took a distant second place, in
                                                                                         their thinking, to the material
                                                                                         Progress associated with export
                                                                                         growth. 193

                                                                                         [As a result of import/export tax
                                                                                         revenues funding armies and
                                                                                         police forces]… Now national
                                                                                         presidents commanded far more
David Alfaro Siqueiros, From the Dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz to the Revolution         firepower than any regional
                                                                                         caudillo. 193

For the most part, the majority had little say in the matter [of authoritarian governance]. The political influence of the
rural majority was limited by income and literacy requirements for voting, and limited even more by the practice of
managed elections. The authoritarian governments of neocolonial Latin America made electoral management into an
art form. 194

Oligarchies and dictatorships provided stability, the virtue always most desired by foreign investors. 195
Rurales and Pan o Palo
As the value of Mexico’s import/export trade
expanded by roughly ten times during the Porfiriato,
Diaz used the new revenues to strengthen the
Mexican state.


He curbed regional caudillos by crushing them or
paying them off. He created public jobs for
middle-class townspeople by vastly enlarging the
bureaucracy. Diaz offered just two alternatives:
pan o palo, meaning roughly “carrot or stick.” For
example, he subsidized the press to keep it
friendly, then jailed journalists who spoke against
him. Mexico acquired a national rail system and
graceful, monument-lined avenues in its capital
city. But as Mexico approached the centennial of
Hidalgo’s 1810 uprising, the Mexico City police
had orders to hustle indigenous people away
from downtown, so that the foreign investors
would not get the “wrong impression” of Mexico.
195-6.
Neocolonialism
Neocolonialism
“In ideology and values, as in trade and finance,
neocolonialism meant the absorption of Latin
America into an international system dominated
by Britain and the United States. It is here, in
friction with powerful outsiders, that Latin
Americans began to feel the colonial in
neocolonialism.” 200
The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine made the US Marines a sort of hemispheric police
force to prevent European military intervention in Latin America. He believed incompetent Latin
American governments would occasionally need correction “by some civilized nation.” 206
REACTIONS

Augusto Cesar Sandino

“Come on you pack of drug fiends, come
on and murder us on our own land. I am
waiting for you on my feet at the head
of my patriotic soldiers, and I don't care
how many of you there are. You should
know that when this happens, the
destruction of your mighty power will
make the Capitol shake in
Washington, and your blood will redden
the white dome that crowns the famous
White House where you plot your
crimes.”
“Although neocolonial Latin America had grown
economically, it had developed much less.” BBF, 208

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Neocolonialism

  • 1. Neocolonialism Born in Blood and Fire, Chapter 6
  • 2. Opera House, Manuas, Brazil “When [companies] pulled out – because of a banana blight or new corporate strategy – all that these multinational installations left behind was ex-banana choppers with no job, no land, no education and a lot of missing fingers.” 189
  • 3. “….’If one rubber baron bought a vast yacht, another would install a tame lion in his villa, and a third would water his horse on champagne.’ And nothing was more extravagant than the opera house, with its Italian marble, Bohemian glass, gilded balconies, crystal chandeliers, Victorian murals, and a dome bathed in the colors of the national flag. Prefabricated in Europe and costing an estimated ten million dollars in taxpayers’ money, the opera house was shipped in pieces more than a thousand miles up the Amazon River, where laborers were deployed around the clock to assemble it, working at night under Brazil’s first electric lightbulbs. It didn’t matter that almost no one from Manaus had heard of Puccini or that more than half the members of a visiting opera troupe eventually died of yellow fever. This was the apotheosis of the rubber boom”. The Lost City of Z
  • 4. EXPORT BOOM “The direct beneficiaries of this export bonanza were the large landowners, whose property values soared with the approach of the railroad tracks.” 183 “The arrival of the railroad benefitted the owners of large Mexican estates by raising property values. But it drove a lot of peasants off the land, allowing the landlords to extend their holdings, make landless peasants their employees, and multiply their profits.” 184 “Bananas were a neocolonial nightmare for the palm-studded coasts of the Caribbean.” 187
  • 5. PORFIRIATO • Positivism = “order and progress” A funny thing happened to the liberals of Latin America during their comeback of the 1860s and 1870s. Once in control, they forgot about the political freedoms they had demanded under the conservative caudillos. Democracy now took a distant second place, in their thinking, to the material Progress associated with export growth. 193 [As a result of import/export tax revenues funding armies and police forces]… Now national presidents commanded far more David Alfaro Siqueiros, From the Dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz to the Revolution firepower than any regional caudillo. 193 For the most part, the majority had little say in the matter [of authoritarian governance]. The political influence of the rural majority was limited by income and literacy requirements for voting, and limited even more by the practice of managed elections. The authoritarian governments of neocolonial Latin America made electoral management into an art form. 194 Oligarchies and dictatorships provided stability, the virtue always most desired by foreign investors. 195
  • 6. Rurales and Pan o Palo As the value of Mexico’s import/export trade expanded by roughly ten times during the Porfiriato, Diaz used the new revenues to strengthen the Mexican state. He curbed regional caudillos by crushing them or paying them off. He created public jobs for middle-class townspeople by vastly enlarging the bureaucracy. Diaz offered just two alternatives: pan o palo, meaning roughly “carrot or stick.” For example, he subsidized the press to keep it friendly, then jailed journalists who spoke against him. Mexico acquired a national rail system and graceful, monument-lined avenues in its capital city. But as Mexico approached the centennial of Hidalgo’s 1810 uprising, the Mexico City police had orders to hustle indigenous people away from downtown, so that the foreign investors would not get the “wrong impression” of Mexico. 195-6.
  • 9. “In ideology and values, as in trade and finance, neocolonialism meant the absorption of Latin America into an international system dominated by Britain and the United States. It is here, in friction with powerful outsiders, that Latin Americans began to feel the colonial in neocolonialism.” 200
  • 10. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine made the US Marines a sort of hemispheric police force to prevent European military intervention in Latin America. He believed incompetent Latin American governments would occasionally need correction “by some civilized nation.” 206
  • 11. REACTIONS Augusto Cesar Sandino “Come on you pack of drug fiends, come on and murder us on our own land. I am waiting for you on my feet at the head of my patriotic soldiers, and I don't care how many of you there are. You should know that when this happens, the destruction of your mighty power will make the Capitol shake in Washington, and your blood will redden the white dome that crowns the famous White House where you plot your crimes.”
  • 12. “Although neocolonial Latin America had grown economically, it had developed much less.” BBF, 208

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. David Alfaro Siqueiros. From the Dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz to the Revolution. 1957-65. Acrylic on plywood. Right-hand section showing the Cananean miners' strike of 1906, with William C. Green of the Green Consolidated Mining Company of America, and Fernando Palomares, leader of the Mexican Liberal Party, struggling for the possession of the flag of Mexico. On the right-hand wall Porfirio Diaz, Ministers and Courtesans. Hall of the Revolution, National History Museum, Chapultepec Castle, Mexico City, Mexico. DiazIrony of Hidalgo = part mixtec, which added to his popularity, but his was far separate from the interests of the indigenousHero of the Battle of Pueblo against the French and Maximillian, Cinco de MayoPositivist = “order and progress”Carrot or the stick approachUsed the rurales to control the rural populations as he sold off public lands to foreign investors“So far from God, so close to the US”http://books.google.com/books?id=Ml2uClVyq1YC&pg=PT12&lpg=PT12&dq=Cananean+miners%27+strike&source=web&ots=X7VWwOEZya&sig=PQr3gWSwg3OHVmrfKGvW_TDwlYc&hl=en&ei=LfuISfnLBYmQtQPI392UBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=2&ct=result
  2. http://www.abcgallery.com/S/siqueiros/siqueiros-4.htmlMining has played an important economic role in Mexico since pre-Hispanic times. After the Spanish conquest, it attracted settlers to the arid lands of northern Mexico, displacing the borders of the Spanish dominion. In modern times, it became one of the antecedents of the Mexican Revolution when, in 1906, workers launched a major strike against the American company Cananean Consolidated Copper in the state of Sonora. The strike was repressed with violence and bloodshed, consecrating the miners as the precursors of labour struggles in the country. The entire mural shows the martyrs of the revolution on the right side, the excesses of Diaz’s reign on the right side. The Cananean miners strike in the middle epitomizes the clash between the two sides as they struggle for control of the Mexican flag. During the strike the company brought in its private army to suppress the strike. Who controls the flag? Diaz or the people?