connecting youth with society

1. Active citizenship - an international European perspective. Findings from the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) Saskia De Groof en Eva Franck Department of Sociology – Free University of Brussels (VUB) Educational policy department - City of Antwerp 08/02/12 | pag.

3. Part I ICCS : What, when, how? 08/02/12 | pag.

5. Participating countries ICCS-project 08/02/12 | pag.

10. Part II International comparisons 08/02/12 | pag.

50. Part III Explanatory analyses 08/02/12 | pag.

60. Expected Conventional Participation ICCS-project 08/02/12 | pag. 1 Join a political party 2 Help a candidate / party during an election campaign 3 Join a trade union 4 Stand as a candidate in local elections 5 Vote in local elections 6 Join an organization for a political or social cause 7 Vote in national elections 8 Get information about candidates before voting (PCA: α = 0.83; e = 3.7; R 2 = 46.3%)

61. Actual & Expected Alternative Participation: ICCS-project 08/02/12 | pag. “ Have you…”(participated in) 1 A voluntary group doing something to help the community 2 Human Rights organisation 3 An organisation collecting money for a social cause 4 Environmental organisation “ Would You… ”(in the future) 5 Volunteer time to help people in the local community 6 Taking part in a peaceful march or rally 7 Collecting signatures for a petition 8 Choosing not to buy certain products “ What Should …” (a good adult citizen do) 9 Participating in peaceful protests against laws believed to be unjust 10 Taking part in activities promoting human rights 11 Participating in activities to benefit people in the local community 12 Taking part in activities to protect the environment (Cat-PCA: α = 0.77; e = 3.3; R 2 = 27.1%)

65. Results H1: Negative correlation C & A ICCS-project 08/02/12 | pag. Correlation between the two dependent variables: Conventional and alternative political engagement At the country level 0.81 At the individual level 0.41 % Variation on level of country ( r ) Conventional Political engagement 13.2% Alternative Political engagement 22.1%

66. Results H2: Individualization (- C / + A) ICCS-project 08/02/12 | pag. Conventional Alternative   Gender (0 = boy) - .03 *** .09 *** Age .02 *** .02 *** Immigration status (0 = native) .00 - .02 *** Cultural capital .11 *** .10 *** Level of individualization - .08 - .23 *** % of explained variance on level 3 5.3% 25.8%

67. Results H3: Welfare State (-C / -A) ICCS-project 08/02/12 | pag. Conventional Alternative   Gender (0 = boy) - .03 *** .09 *** Age .02 *** .02 *** Immigration status (0 = native) .00 - .02 *** Cultural capital .11 *** .10 *** Degree of WF-state development - .27 *** - .41 *** % of explained variance on level 3 50.4% 71.0%

68. Graphic presentation ICCS-project 08/02/12 | pag.

75. ICCS-Project 07-12-2011 | pag. KNOWLEDGE ( Institutions, persons, procedures ) INSIGHT ( comprehension ) ATTITUDES/BEHAVIOUR (‘Civic attitude’) “ Ignorance is the father of fear, knowledge is the mother of trust” Learning Politics & Democracy

76. ICCS-Project 07-12-2011 | pag. Experiencing Politics & Democracy EXPERIENCE ( Democratic school climate ) ATTITUDES/BEHAVIOUR (‘Civic attitude’) “ It is how we run our schools, rather than what we teach in them, that will determine levels of active citizenship ”

77. ICCS-Project 07-12-2011 | pag. Question (PASSIVE) KNOWLEDGE (ACTIVE) EXPERIENCE ? POLITICALLY RELEVANT (EXPECTED) BEHAVIOUR

80. Results Teaching ICCS-Project 07-12-2011 | pag. Conventional Alternative b b Age .02 ** .03 ** Gender (0=boy) -.04 ** .08 ** Immigration status (0=native) -.00 -.03 ** Cultural capital .09 ** .06 ** Civicknowledge and skills .06 ** .11 ** Variance Country level (Rho) 13.5% 23.5% Explained variance Country level (R 2 ) -7.7% -13.4% Explained variance Ind. level (R 2 ) .3% .9%

81. Results Learning ICCS-Project 07-12-2011 | pag. Conventional Alternative b b Civic participation at school .19 ** .25 ** Openness Classroom Discussions .10 ** .12 ** Perception of influence on decisions .09 ** .11 ** Variance Country level (Rho) 9.1% 16.3% Explained variance Country level (R 2 ) 35.9% 36.3% Explained variance Ind. level (R 2 ) 6.1% 10.8%

82. Results Teaching + Learning ICCS-Project 07-12-2011 | pag. Conventional Alternative b b Civic knowledge and skills .03 ** .07 ** Civic participation at school .18 ** .24 ** Openness Classroom Discussions .09 ** .11 ** Perception of influence on decisions .10 ** .13 ** Variance Country level (Rho) 9.4% 17.7% Explained variance Country level (R 2 ) 33.5% 30.0% Explained variance Ind. level (R 2 ) 6.2% 11.3%

84. Part IV Policy initiatives: “Stimulating Student Participation at school” City of Antwerp 08/02/12 | pag.