1. The Girls

2. GROUP MEMBERS
Lee Shze Hwa
Lillian Tan Ai Jun
Hazel Ong Shi Hui
Monnie Liew Poh Ka
Loong Bo Lin

3. ARCHITECT

4. What is an architect ?
• A licensed professional trained in the art and
science of building design.
• Someone who develops the concepts for
structures and turn those concepts into
drawings.
• A person who plans, designs, observes and
oversees the construction of buildings.

5. ARCHITECTURAL
DRAWING

6. What is Architectural Drawing ?
An architectural drawing or architect's drawing is...
• a technical drawing of a building (or building
project) that falls within the definition of architecture
• used by architects and other professions to
provide a guideline for how a structure or building
should be built

7. STAGES OF AN
ARCHITECTURAL PROJECT
• Project Brief
• Schematic Design
• Design Development
• Construction
• Maintenance

8. PROJECT
BRIEF
A statement of client's requirements that provides the
necessary information to describe the rationale, purpose,
goals, costs, risks, constraints and time and performance
requirements of a project.

9. ROLES
• Act as an adviser by giving a sound clear advise at the
outset of the project.
PROJECT BRIEF
RESPONSIBILITIES
• To understand client's requirements, objectives and
aspirations.
• To respond as accurately and appropriately as possible to
the client's brief.
• To advise generally on various aspects of the client's brief.

10. PROJECT BRIEF
SKETCH

11. SKETCH
 A rapidly executed freehand drawing.
 A quick way to record and develop an idea.
A 'draft' that outlines the parameters and
concepts of a design
 Comprises repetitive over traced lines made to
explore precise shape
PROJECT BRIEF

12. FUNCTIONS OF SKETCH
PROJECT BRIEF

13. • To obtain a visual impression of shape, type of
materials and size
• To show relationship between parts in an informal
and loose manner

14. SCHEMATIC DESIGN
First phase in the design of a project where an architect
prepares schematic diagrams giving a general view of the
project after detailed discussions with the clients.

15. ROLES
• Acts as a guide of the client towards the best solutions.
• Plays the role in presenting several concepts to the client and
help to inform the refinements necessary to reach the finalized
schematic design.
SCHEMATIC DESIGN
RESPONSIBILITIES
• Re-draft the program after making the first pass at schematic
design to ensure that expectations are stated clearly based on
any new design criteria discovered in schematic design.
• Compile all of the required and desired elements into a set of
conceptual drawings.

16. SCHEMATIC DESIGN
1.Bubble Diagram
2.Preliminary
Drawing
Schematic Drawing

17. BUBBLE DIAGRAM
• A drawing showing all significant components, parts,
or tasks and their interconnections of
a flow, process,or project.
• Made of symbols and is about concepts
SCHEMATIC DESIGN

18. FUNCTIONS OF BUBBLE DIAGRAM
SCHEMATIC DESIGN

19. • Represents spaces with simple circles or squares
that are sized relative to one another
• Lines can connect the spaces to represent corridors
or hallways

20. • Used to show spatial relationships
• Used to represent the flows

21. PRELIMINARY DRAWING
• Initial plans for projects prepared during
the early planning or promotional stage
of the building design
SCHEMATIC DESIGN

22. FUNCTIONS OF PRELIMINARY DRAWING
SCHEMATIC DESIGN

23. SCHEMATIC DESIGN
• Provide a means of communication between the
architect and the clients.

24. SCHEMATIC DESIGN
• Used for exploring design concepts, material selection,
preliminary cost estimates and a basis for the
preparation of finished working drawings.

25. DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
A stage in which a project are further refined and described.
The point which decisions are made and evaluated for their
practicality and execution, also, concepts are solidified into
actions.

26. ROLES
• To comply with local planning and zoning laws.
• To work with any specialist consultants involved with the project,
regulatory authorities and local council.
• Act as an adviser to the client on various aspects.
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
RESPONSIBILITIES
• Identify constraints, advise in terms of feasibility studies and option
appraisals.
• Prepare all the detail drawings and permit documents which may be
used to apply for Development Permits.
• Prepare and lodge the application for Planning Permission and
Building Warrants.

27. DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
Construction
Drawing
Detail Drawing
Working
Drawing

28. Construction Drawing
• A graphic and written record of the decisions
made during the design development process.
• It is also called the blueprints.
• Must comply with the building codes.
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

29. FUNCTIONS OF CONSTRUCTION
DRAWING
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

30. • To apply for building plan approval from Building &
Construction Authority (BCA).
•To be submitted to the local jurisdiction for building permit.

31. Working Drawing
• Has a direct correlation to the performance of the entire
workforce responsible for the construction.
• Show any unique features or requirements that need
special attention.
• Subdivide into location, assembly and component
drawings.
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

32. Functions of Working Drawing :
• Provides all the necessary information to
manufacture, construct, assemble, or install a
component or construction elements.
• Convey technical information about the building
project and are issued to site for construction
purpose.
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

33. • Location drawing shows the location of
construction elements.

34. • Assembly drawing shows how the different
parts are put together.

35. • Component drawing enables self-contained elements to be
fabricated in a workshop, delivered to the site and ready for
installation.

36. Detail Drawing
• A drawing that shows a small part of the
construction at a larger scale.
• Includes a complete and exact description
and dimensions of the construction building.
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

37. FUNCTIONS OF DETAIL DRAWINGS
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

38. • To show how the component parts fit together.
• Used to specify how each individual part is made.

39. CONSTRUCTION
The process of constructing, developing and
adding structure to real property or construction
of buildings.

40. ROLES
• As an assistant and adviser to the building contractor and client
on matters relating to building contracts.
CONSTRUCTION
RESPONSIBILITIES
• To inform the client of any significant developments or
variations.
• To inspect the building at the completion of the project and to
draw up schedules of outstanding works, incomplete items and
building defects.
• To pay attention to environmental and sustainable issues.
• To have regular site visits to check on progress.

41. MAINTENANCE
A stage of the ongoing upkeep of buildings, equipment,
and utilities required to ensure that the facility is in a
fully functional state.

42. ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES
• May left to tidy up the loose ends neglected by the
main contractor.
• To monitor any latent defects for a period of time
after completion of the construction project.
• Help to plan a sequence of inspection and
maintenance procedures especially for those parts
of a building exposed to the rigours of our climate.
MAINTENANCE

43. EXAMPLES OF SOME
COMPLETED
ARCHITECTURAL PROJECTS

44. Beijing National Stadium – Beijing, China

45. Cubic Houses – Rotterdam, Netherlands

46. The
Urban
Cactus
– Amsterdam,
Netherlands

47. REFERENCES
• http://www.parkerseminoff.com/the-5-phases-of-an-
architectural-project/
• http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2009/mar/08/arc
hitecture-exhibition%7CLe
• http://architectureideas.info/2008/10/design-drawings-at-
different-stages/
• http://www.world-architects.com/pages/found/the-
working-drawing
• http://drawsketch.about.com/od/drawingglossary/g/What-
Is-A-Working-Drawing.htm
• Arthur Thompson, Architectural Design Procedures,
Second Edition. Architectural Press: Elsevier 2007

48. THANK YOU ! C=