35. Features Unavoidable Continuous process Two way traffic Role of perception (use 5 senses) Universality Social process Multidimensional Multipurpose Transactivity
36. Role of communication Foundation for healthy relationship (create & maintain) Strengthen mutual sense of commitment Bridge gap where there is misunderstanding Binding an organisation together (formal and informal)
38. Types of communication One way and two way Verbal and Non - verbal Formal and Informal Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Mass communication Meta communication
42. Verbal communication Both oral and written Always accompanied by non verbal communication
43. Verbal communication Oral/ Dayadic Written (with people present) Face to face Telephonic Interview Group discussion Negotiation Meeting (with people not present) Letters Notice Memos Circular Report Minutes
54. Factors influencing body language Biological : skin colour, body shapes, and our constant effort to adjust our body to environment,…. Habitual : by learning, occupational requirement, speaking style,… Cultural : not sitting cross legged, custom of receiving guests, talking to superiors,…
69. Appearance Indication of inner state of emotions Depends on local custom and culture of the community Grooming & personal hygiene contribute greatly Makes the first impression Clothing, jewellery, cosmetics, footwear, handbag, umbrella, briefcase, etc.,
70. Proxemics(“personal space language”) Study of using the space around Intimate 11/2 ft Personal 11/2 - 4 ft Social 4 - 12 ft Public 12ft and above
71. Paralanguage The non verbal aspects of spoken word Relates to voice - tone, pitch, accent, speed, intonation, stress on a particular word, etc., “How” a word is spoken than ‘What’ The way we use our voice is and sounds we make (Silence – a very important aspect !!)
72. Practice!!!!!!!!!!! EX 1: I am a good student I am a good student I am a goodstudent I am a good student EX 2: Count from 1 – 10 Each time expressing different emotional state (happy, angry, anxious,…)
73. More!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! EX 3: Were you there last night? Were you there last night? Were you there last night? Were you there last night? EX 4: Sounds like mmmm, ouch, oh!oh!,….
74. Physical context The layout and design of a building Its decoration like colour, furniture, etc., Strong impression on positive and negative feelings
75. Difference between verbal & non- verbal communication Use of words Use of language always accompanied by non verbal Voluntary / deliberate Use of symbols Other than the language - (pictures, maps, graphs,….) Independent of verbal communication (red = danger, nodding head,..) Involuntary & unconscious Understanding non verbal helps to improve oral & written communication
77. Horizontal communication Communication between departments/ people in the same level in the hierarchy Most frequently used channel Shared among workers, clerks, supervisors, … can use coffee break sessions
78. Importance To promote understanding and coordination Not much imagination required Small organisations manage well as these functions are done at a closer proximity with a few people Eg – imagine a situation where purchase dpt keeps purchasing materials not reqired urgently, stores dpt keeps reporting shortage, …
79. Problems Sometimes it is discouraged for the fear of workers getting too friendly with one another Methods used : Oral : face to face – very effective Written : reports, letters, memorandum Short means of communication - convenient
87. But doesn’t follow any set patterns Spontaneous Multidirectional No records Very fast Provides vent to employees
88. Types of Grapevine - (Keith Davis – research on grapevine) Single stand –passing of information to the long line of persons to the ultimate recipient (A - B, B –C, C-D,…) Gossip –A tells everyone. It works like wheel where A is in the centre and passes on the information to others
89. contd Probability : A randomly tells others and others pass on the information Cluster : A tells selected persons – who may in turn tell others selectively
90. Importance Safety valve - works as - pressure vent Active grapevine shows that workers are interested in their associates Brings in solidarity & cohesiveness Properly used it can raise the morale of employees Supplement to other channels Quick / speedy transmission Provides feedback - to know the pulse of employees
91. Interpersonal and intrapersonal Interpersonal intrapersonal Two or more persons Group (committee, etc.,) Public meetings Internal dialogue within the mind
92.
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94. Can be intentional or unintentional - “Try to reach the airport, well on time” - “Haven’t finished the project yet? Fantastic!!”