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Comma Splices
     and

    Fused
  Sentences
Know how to identify these
 Know how to identify these
 two major problems.
 two major problems.

A comma splice looks like this:
  Main clause
  Main clause   +,+   main clause.
                      main clause.

A fused sentence looks like this:
  Main clause
  Main clause   +Ø+   main clause.
                      main clause.
Recognize a main
 clause when you
     see one:
 subject + verb =
complete thought.
In an important piece of writing, both of
these sentence errors =

    D E A T H ! ! !
Read this sample sentence:
Read this sample sentence:
         The error is
         The error is
            here!
            here!
Grandma still rides her Harley
motorcycle her toy poodle balances
in a basket between the handlebars.

 Adding a comma won’t
 help, sweetheart. It will
 just make a comma
 splice, an equally
   terrible error.
Come on,
 Princess
Let’s take a
ride to the
solutions!
Option 1: Fix the error with a
Option 1: Fix the error with a
period and a capital letter.
period and a capital letter.


Grandma still rides   her Harley
motorcycle. Her toy
motorcycle her        poodle
balances in a basket between
the handlebars.
Let’s fix the
  errors that
follow! Use a
 period and a
capital letter.
1. While Oreo gnawed the corner
  of a shoe, Skeeter shredded a
  roll of toilet paper. Thedogs
  roll of toilet paper, the dogs
  love when we have forgotten to
  close the master bedroom
  door.
2. A bucket catches water under
  the leaky ceiling. Annette
            ceiling,
  wishes she had trimmed the
  big oak tree before the rotten
  limb crashed through the roof.
3. Freddie’s car is a mess, she
                      mess. She
  has overdue library books piled
  on the front seat, and she uses
  the floor as a trashcan for her
  frequent lunches at fast food
  restaurants.
4. On a busy Saturday night,
  Andre sweated in the hot
  restaurant kitchen as he
  assembled pizzas. He
              pizzas, he
  dreamed of one day having
  his own cooking show on the
  Food Network.
Option 2: Fix the error with a
comma and a coordinating
conjunction: and, but, for, nor,
or, so, or yet.

Grandma still rides her Harley
motorcycle, and her toy poodle
motorcycle her toy poodle
balances in a basket between
the handlebars.
Let’s try some!
 Use and, but,
for, nor, or, so,
or yet to fix the
   errors that
     follow.
1. Darren scooped seven
  tablespoons of sugar into his
  coffee, and thensplashed
  coffee, then he he poured
  cream into the cup and stirred
  the concoction.
2. We suspected that Tahoe had
  tipped over the trash,he he
                  trash for
  flattened his ears and curled
  his tail between his legs as we
  cleaned the kitchen floor.
3. Lawana planted the bare
  backyard with an assortment of
  flowers, butterflies began to to
  flowers, so butterflies began
  visit, sipping nectar from the
  blooms.
4. Serena searched every
  corner of her bedroom she she
                bedroom, but
  could not find her math book
  to study for the final exam.
Option 3: Fix the error
 Option 3: Fix the error
 with a semicolon (;).
 with a semicolon (;).
 Use sparingly—three or four times per
  essay.
 Don’t capitalize after the semicolon
  unless the word is a proper noun, one
  that is always capitalized.
 When you are writing by hand, make
  sure that the semicolon has good
  posture. Locate the dot right above the
  comma.
Look at our sample:
 Look at our sample:

Grandma still rides her Harley
motorcycle; her toy poodle
motorcycle her
balances in a basket between
the handlebars.
Try to fix the
 errors that
follow—this
 time with
semicolons!
1. Smoke billowed from the hot
  grill;plump pork chops lay on a
  grill plump pork chops lay on a
  plate, waiting for Uncle Rick to
  cook them.
2. Laurie flashed a big smile we
                        smile; we
   cringed at the spinach stuck to
   her front tooth.
3. Jiggling his foot, Carlos sat in
   the waiting room, he dreaded
               room;
   the shot of Novocain and
   whining drill required to fill his
   cavity.
4. Pushing and grunting, Tyrone
  tried to budge the heavy
  refrigerator; finally he decided
  refrigerator, finally he decided
  just to paint around it, leaving
  a square of dirty beige that he
  alone knew existed.
Option 4: Fix the error with a
    Option 4: Fix the error with a
    subordinate conjunction.
    subordinate conjunction.
   after              since
   although           so [that implied], so that
   as                 than
   because            that
   before             though
   even though        unless
   if, even if        when, whenever
   in order that      where, wherever, whereas
   once               whether
   provided that      while
Look at our sample:
 Look at our sample:

Grandma rides her Harley
motorcycle whiletoy poodle
           her her toy poodle
balances in a basket between
the handlebars.
Know these general
Know these general
punctuation rules when using
punctuation rules when using
subordination.
subordination.

 Subordinate clause
 Subordinate clause   +, +   main clause.
                             main clause.

Main clause + Ø +
Main clause           subordinate clause.
                      subordinate clause.


                  For exceptions to these
                  rules, see Comma Tip 5 !
Look at our sample:
  Look at our sample:
When Grandma rides her Harley
motorcycle, her toy poodle balances
in a basket between the handlebars.

Grandma rides her Harley motorcycle
as her toy poodle balances in a
basket between the handlebars.
Let’s try fixing
  some with
 subordinate
conjunctions!
1. Jeff licked the soft serve
   cone as he tried to keep up
   cone, he tried to keep up
   with the melting ice cream.

Main clause
Main clause   +Ø+   subordinate clause.
                    subordinate clause.
2. Since Nathan rudely slurped the
   Nathan rudely slurped the
            ,
  spicy soup, Maybelle began
  loudly crunching tortilla chips.

 Subordinate clause
 Subordinate clause   +,+   main clause.
                            main clause.
3. Harold held his hand under
   the cold water he burnt burnt
                  after he
   his fingers trying to remove
   the brownies without an
   oven mitt.

Main clause
Main clause   +Ø+   subordinate clause.
                    subordinate clause.
4. Thethe flowers were wilting in
   As flowers were wilting in
          ,
   the sun, they waited for rain
   or the cool spray from the
   sprinklers.

 Subordinate clause
 Subordinate clause   +,+   main clause.
                            main clause.
Quick Test
Directions: Find and fix all of the
comma splices and fused sentences
in the items that follow.
1. I went into the bathroom last
   night becausesomeone
   night, for I heard someone
   night; I heard I heard someone
   night. I heard someone
   night,
   singing in Spanish.
2. Surprised, I turned on the
   lights. What idiot was making
   lights, what
   noise in my bathroom so late
   at night?
3. I looked everywhere—behind
   the door, in the closet, under
  the bathroom sink—but I
  couldn't find the source of the
  music, andsinging was was
  music, the the singing
  really weird.
4. I listened closely. Thesinging
              closely, the singing
   seemed to be coming from
   the window above the
   bathtub, so I stuck my head
   around the shower curtain
   and looked in all of the
   corners.
unbelievable. There
5. It was unbelievable, there
  was a spider spinning a web
  behind my shampoo
  bottles; all the while she was
  bottles all the while, she was
  singing Spanish love songs.
6. When the spider saw me
  staring at her, she said,
  “Yeek!” I wasn’t used to Yeek!
  "Yeek," wasn't
  spiders squeaking in surprise
  at me in my own bathroom.
7. When the spider realized I
   was a human being, she
  crouched further behind the
  shampoo bottle. I, on the
  shampoo bottle I, on the
   other hand, went to get a
   can of Raid.
8. When I returned with the
  can of Raid, I pointed it at
  the poor spider, wishing for
  her death. She, as a result,
      death, she, as a result,
   started singing even more
  beautifully.
9. Did I really want to hurt this
   poor creature who sang
  such beautiful Spanish love
  songs? did IIreally want to
  songs, Did really want to
   poison her and cause her to
   die a slow death behind the
   shampoo bottle?
10.This spider was frightful looking,
    for she had long hairy legs,


    Correct!
    bulging eyes, and terrible
    pinching jaws, but I decided that
    if she would continue singing in
    her beautiful manner, I would let
    her live on the bathroom window
    ledge.
Correct
11. Every morning since that
   surprising evening, I listen



 again!
   to my singing spider, who
    continues
  ¡Azucar!      to live behind the
   shampoo bottle.
12. I brush my teeth to the melodic
   voice of a very talented
   arachnid while my spider eats
   arachnid, my spider eats
    whatever unlucky flies get
                   house. I’ve
    trapped in the house, I've
    learned to think before I spray
    Raid.
The End.


   Be kind
      to
   spiders!
        PowerPoint
        PowerPoint
         Source:
          Source:
           https://www.google.com/url?
            https://www.google.com/url?
sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=7&ved=0C
 sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=7&ved=0C
FQQFjAG&url=http%3A%2F%2Frlsimmons.blogs.com
 FQQFjAG&url=http%3A%2F%2Frlsimmons.blogs.com
               %2Fenc1101%2Ffiles
                %2Fenc1101%2Ffiles
%2Fcsfs.ppt&ei=R3xkUeDmAtSpqQH4sYGoDg&usg=
 %2Fcsfs.ppt&ei=R3xkUeDmAtSpqQH4sYGoDg&usg=
AFQjCNFepeHcYAMcFvJLLRGSbXouhHziYA&sig2=Iij
 AFQjCNFepeHcYAMcFvJLLRGSbXouhHziYA&sig2=Iij
 NEDU-g12wdWh-U1TlCw&bvm=bv.44990110,d.aWM
  NEDU-g12wdWh-U1TlCw&bvm=bv.44990110,d.aWM

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Comma splices, take 2

  • 1. Comma Splices and Fused Sentences
  • 2. Know how to identify these Know how to identify these two major problems. two major problems. A comma splice looks like this: Main clause Main clause +,+ main clause. main clause. A fused sentence looks like this: Main clause Main clause +Ø+ main clause. main clause.
  • 3. Recognize a main clause when you see one: subject + verb = complete thought.
  • 4. In an important piece of writing, both of these sentence errors = D E A T H ! ! !
  • 5. Read this sample sentence: Read this sample sentence: The error is The error is here! here! Grandma still rides her Harley motorcycle her toy poodle balances in a basket between the handlebars. Adding a comma won’t help, sweetheart. It will just make a comma splice, an equally terrible error.
  • 6. Come on, Princess Let’s take a ride to the solutions!
  • 7. Option 1: Fix the error with a Option 1: Fix the error with a period and a capital letter. period and a capital letter. Grandma still rides her Harley motorcycle. Her toy motorcycle her poodle balances in a basket between the handlebars.
  • 8. Let’s fix the errors that follow! Use a period and a capital letter.
  • 9. 1. While Oreo gnawed the corner of a shoe, Skeeter shredded a roll of toilet paper. Thedogs roll of toilet paper, the dogs love when we have forgotten to close the master bedroom door.
  • 10. 2. A bucket catches water under the leaky ceiling. Annette ceiling, wishes she had trimmed the big oak tree before the rotten limb crashed through the roof.
  • 11. 3. Freddie’s car is a mess, she mess. She has overdue library books piled on the front seat, and she uses the floor as a trashcan for her frequent lunches at fast food restaurants.
  • 12. 4. On a busy Saturday night, Andre sweated in the hot restaurant kitchen as he assembled pizzas. He pizzas, he dreamed of one day having his own cooking show on the Food Network.
  • 13. Option 2: Fix the error with a comma and a coordinating conjunction: and, but, for, nor, or, so, or yet. Grandma still rides her Harley motorcycle, and her toy poodle motorcycle her toy poodle balances in a basket between the handlebars.
  • 14. Let’s try some! Use and, but, for, nor, or, so, or yet to fix the errors that follow.
  • 15. 1. Darren scooped seven tablespoons of sugar into his coffee, and thensplashed coffee, then he he poured cream into the cup and stirred the concoction.
  • 16. 2. We suspected that Tahoe had tipped over the trash,he he trash for flattened his ears and curled his tail between his legs as we cleaned the kitchen floor.
  • 17. 3. Lawana planted the bare backyard with an assortment of flowers, butterflies began to to flowers, so butterflies began visit, sipping nectar from the blooms.
  • 18. 4. Serena searched every corner of her bedroom she she bedroom, but could not find her math book to study for the final exam.
  • 19. Option 3: Fix the error Option 3: Fix the error with a semicolon (;). with a semicolon (;).  Use sparingly—three or four times per essay.  Don’t capitalize after the semicolon unless the word is a proper noun, one that is always capitalized.  When you are writing by hand, make sure that the semicolon has good posture. Locate the dot right above the comma.
  • 20. Look at our sample: Look at our sample: Grandma still rides her Harley motorcycle; her toy poodle motorcycle her balances in a basket between the handlebars.
  • 21. Try to fix the errors that follow—this time with semicolons!
  • 22. 1. Smoke billowed from the hot grill;plump pork chops lay on a grill plump pork chops lay on a plate, waiting for Uncle Rick to cook them.
  • 23. 2. Laurie flashed a big smile we smile; we cringed at the spinach stuck to her front tooth.
  • 24. 3. Jiggling his foot, Carlos sat in the waiting room, he dreaded room; the shot of Novocain and whining drill required to fill his cavity.
  • 25. 4. Pushing and grunting, Tyrone tried to budge the heavy refrigerator; finally he decided refrigerator, finally he decided just to paint around it, leaving a square of dirty beige that he alone knew existed.
  • 26. Option 4: Fix the error with a Option 4: Fix the error with a subordinate conjunction. subordinate conjunction.  after  since  although  so [that implied], so that  as  than  because  that  before  though  even though  unless  if, even if  when, whenever  in order that  where, wherever, whereas  once  whether  provided that  while
  • 27. Look at our sample: Look at our sample: Grandma rides her Harley motorcycle whiletoy poodle her her toy poodle balances in a basket between the handlebars.
  • 28. Know these general Know these general punctuation rules when using punctuation rules when using subordination. subordination. Subordinate clause Subordinate clause +, + main clause. main clause. Main clause + Ø + Main clause subordinate clause. subordinate clause. For exceptions to these rules, see Comma Tip 5 !
  • 29. Look at our sample: Look at our sample: When Grandma rides her Harley motorcycle, her toy poodle balances in a basket between the handlebars. Grandma rides her Harley motorcycle as her toy poodle balances in a basket between the handlebars.
  • 30. Let’s try fixing some with subordinate conjunctions!
  • 31. 1. Jeff licked the soft serve cone as he tried to keep up cone, he tried to keep up with the melting ice cream. Main clause Main clause +Ø+ subordinate clause. subordinate clause.
  • 32. 2. Since Nathan rudely slurped the Nathan rudely slurped the , spicy soup, Maybelle began loudly crunching tortilla chips. Subordinate clause Subordinate clause +,+ main clause. main clause.
  • 33. 3. Harold held his hand under the cold water he burnt burnt after he his fingers trying to remove the brownies without an oven mitt. Main clause Main clause +Ø+ subordinate clause. subordinate clause.
  • 34. 4. Thethe flowers were wilting in As flowers were wilting in , the sun, they waited for rain or the cool spray from the sprinklers. Subordinate clause Subordinate clause +,+ main clause. main clause.
  • 35. Quick Test Directions: Find and fix all of the comma splices and fused sentences in the items that follow.
  • 36. 1. I went into the bathroom last night becausesomeone night, for I heard someone night; I heard I heard someone night. I heard someone night, singing in Spanish.
  • 37. 2. Surprised, I turned on the lights. What idiot was making lights, what noise in my bathroom so late at night?
  • 38. 3. I looked everywhere—behind the door, in the closet, under the bathroom sink—but I couldn't find the source of the music, andsinging was was music, the the singing really weird.
  • 39. 4. I listened closely. Thesinging closely, the singing seemed to be coming from the window above the bathtub, so I stuck my head around the shower curtain and looked in all of the corners.
  • 40. unbelievable. There 5. It was unbelievable, there was a spider spinning a web behind my shampoo bottles; all the while she was bottles all the while, she was singing Spanish love songs.
  • 41. 6. When the spider saw me staring at her, she said, “Yeek!” I wasn’t used to Yeek! "Yeek," wasn't spiders squeaking in surprise at me in my own bathroom.
  • 42. 7. When the spider realized I was a human being, she crouched further behind the shampoo bottle. I, on the shampoo bottle I, on the other hand, went to get a can of Raid.
  • 43. 8. When I returned with the can of Raid, I pointed it at the poor spider, wishing for her death. She, as a result, death, she, as a result, started singing even more beautifully.
  • 44. 9. Did I really want to hurt this poor creature who sang such beautiful Spanish love songs? did IIreally want to songs, Did really want to poison her and cause her to die a slow death behind the shampoo bottle?
  • 45. 10.This spider was frightful looking, for she had long hairy legs, Correct! bulging eyes, and terrible pinching jaws, but I decided that if she would continue singing in her beautiful manner, I would let her live on the bathroom window ledge.
  • 46. Correct 11. Every morning since that surprising evening, I listen again! to my singing spider, who continues ¡Azucar! to live behind the shampoo bottle.
  • 47. 12. I brush my teeth to the melodic voice of a very talented arachnid while my spider eats arachnid, my spider eats whatever unlucky flies get house. I’ve trapped in the house, I've learned to think before I spray Raid.
  • 48. The End. Be kind to spiders! PowerPoint PowerPoint Source: Source: https://www.google.com/url? https://www.google.com/url? sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=7&ved=0C sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=7&ved=0C FQQFjAG&url=http%3A%2F%2Frlsimmons.blogs.com FQQFjAG&url=http%3A%2F%2Frlsimmons.blogs.com %2Fenc1101%2Ffiles %2Fenc1101%2Ffiles %2Fcsfs.ppt&ei=R3xkUeDmAtSpqQH4sYGoDg&usg= %2Fcsfs.ppt&ei=R3xkUeDmAtSpqQH4sYGoDg&usg= AFQjCNFepeHcYAMcFvJLLRGSbXouhHziYA&sig2=Iij AFQjCNFepeHcYAMcFvJLLRGSbXouhHziYA&sig2=Iij NEDU-g12wdWh-U1TlCw&bvm=bv.44990110,d.aWM NEDU-g12wdWh-U1TlCw&bvm=bv.44990110,d.aWM

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