2. Know how to identify these
Know how to identify these
two major problems.
two major problems.
A comma splice looks like this:
Main clause
Main clause +,+ main clause.
main clause.
A fused sentence looks like this:
Main clause
Main clause +Ø+ main clause.
main clause.
3. Recognize a main
clause when you
see one:
subject + verb =
complete thought.
4. In an important piece of writing, both of
these sentence errors =
D E A T H ! ! !
5. Read this sample sentence:
Read this sample sentence:
The error is
The error is
here!
here!
Grandma still rides her Harley
motorcycle her toy poodle balances
in a basket between the handlebars.
Adding a comma won’t
help, sweetheart. It will
just make a comma
splice, an equally
terrible error.
7. Option 1: Fix the error with a
Option 1: Fix the error with a
period and a capital letter.
period and a capital letter.
Grandma still rides her Harley
motorcycle. Her toy
motorcycle her poodle
balances in a basket between
the handlebars.
8. Let’s fix the
errors that
follow! Use a
period and a
capital letter.
9. 1. While Oreo gnawed the corner
of a shoe, Skeeter shredded a
roll of toilet paper. Thedogs
roll of toilet paper, the dogs
love when we have forgotten to
close the master bedroom
door.
10. 2. A bucket catches water under
the leaky ceiling. Annette
ceiling,
wishes she had trimmed the
big oak tree before the rotten
limb crashed through the roof.
11. 3. Freddie’s car is a mess, she
mess. She
has overdue library books piled
on the front seat, and she uses
the floor as a trashcan for her
frequent lunches at fast food
restaurants.
12. 4. On a busy Saturday night,
Andre sweated in the hot
restaurant kitchen as he
assembled pizzas. He
pizzas, he
dreamed of one day having
his own cooking show on the
Food Network.
13. Option 2: Fix the error with a
comma and a coordinating
conjunction: and, but, for, nor,
or, so, or yet.
Grandma still rides her Harley
motorcycle, and her toy poodle
motorcycle her toy poodle
balances in a basket between
the handlebars.
14. Let’s try some!
Use and, but,
for, nor, or, so,
or yet to fix the
errors that
follow.
15. 1. Darren scooped seven
tablespoons of sugar into his
coffee, and thensplashed
coffee, then he he poured
cream into the cup and stirred
the concoction.
16. 2. We suspected that Tahoe had
tipped over the trash,he he
trash for
flattened his ears and curled
his tail between his legs as we
cleaned the kitchen floor.
17. 3. Lawana planted the bare
backyard with an assortment of
flowers, butterflies began to to
flowers, so butterflies began
visit, sipping nectar from the
blooms.
18. 4. Serena searched every
corner of her bedroom she she
bedroom, but
could not find her math book
to study for the final exam.
19. Option 3: Fix the error
Option 3: Fix the error
with a semicolon (;).
with a semicolon (;).
Use sparingly—three or four times per
essay.
Don’t capitalize after the semicolon
unless the word is a proper noun, one
that is always capitalized.
When you are writing by hand, make
sure that the semicolon has good
posture. Locate the dot right above the
comma.
20. Look at our sample:
Look at our sample:
Grandma still rides her Harley
motorcycle; her toy poodle
motorcycle her
balances in a basket between
the handlebars.
21. Try to fix the
errors that
follow—this
time with
semicolons!
22. 1. Smoke billowed from the hot
grill;plump pork chops lay on a
grill plump pork chops lay on a
plate, waiting for Uncle Rick to
cook them.
23. 2. Laurie flashed a big smile we
smile; we
cringed at the spinach stuck to
her front tooth.
24. 3. Jiggling his foot, Carlos sat in
the waiting room, he dreaded
room;
the shot of Novocain and
whining drill required to fill his
cavity.
25. 4. Pushing and grunting, Tyrone
tried to budge the heavy
refrigerator; finally he decided
refrigerator, finally he decided
just to paint around it, leaving
a square of dirty beige that he
alone knew existed.
26. Option 4: Fix the error with a
Option 4: Fix the error with a
subordinate conjunction.
subordinate conjunction.
after since
although so [that implied], so that
as than
because that
before though
even though unless
if, even if when, whenever
in order that where, wherever, whereas
once whether
provided that while
27. Look at our sample:
Look at our sample:
Grandma rides her Harley
motorcycle whiletoy poodle
her her toy poodle
balances in a basket between
the handlebars.
28. Know these general
Know these general
punctuation rules when using
punctuation rules when using
subordination.
subordination.
Subordinate clause
Subordinate clause +, + main clause.
main clause.
Main clause + Ø +
Main clause subordinate clause.
subordinate clause.
For exceptions to these
rules, see Comma Tip 5 !
29. Look at our sample:
Look at our sample:
When Grandma rides her Harley
motorcycle, her toy poodle balances
in a basket between the handlebars.
Grandma rides her Harley motorcycle
as her toy poodle balances in a
basket between the handlebars.
31. 1. Jeff licked the soft serve
cone as he tried to keep up
cone, he tried to keep up
with the melting ice cream.
Main clause
Main clause +Ø+ subordinate clause.
subordinate clause.
32. 2. Since Nathan rudely slurped the
Nathan rudely slurped the
,
spicy soup, Maybelle began
loudly crunching tortilla chips.
Subordinate clause
Subordinate clause +,+ main clause.
main clause.
33. 3. Harold held his hand under
the cold water he burnt burnt
after he
his fingers trying to remove
the brownies without an
oven mitt.
Main clause
Main clause +Ø+ subordinate clause.
subordinate clause.
34. 4. Thethe flowers were wilting in
As flowers were wilting in
,
the sun, they waited for rain
or the cool spray from the
sprinklers.
Subordinate clause
Subordinate clause +,+ main clause.
main clause.
36. 1. I went into the bathroom last
night becausesomeone
night, for I heard someone
night; I heard I heard someone
night. I heard someone
night,
singing in Spanish.
37. 2. Surprised, I turned on the
lights. What idiot was making
lights, what
noise in my bathroom so late
at night?
38. 3. I looked everywhere—behind
the door, in the closet, under
the bathroom sink—but I
couldn't find the source of the
music, andsinging was was
music, the the singing
really weird.
39. 4. I listened closely. Thesinging
closely, the singing
seemed to be coming from
the window above the
bathtub, so I stuck my head
around the shower curtain
and looked in all of the
corners.
40. unbelievable. There
5. It was unbelievable, there
was a spider spinning a web
behind my shampoo
bottles; all the while she was
bottles all the while, she was
singing Spanish love songs.
41. 6. When the spider saw me
staring at her, she said,
“Yeek!” I wasn’t used to Yeek!
"Yeek," wasn't
spiders squeaking in surprise
at me in my own bathroom.
42. 7. When the spider realized I
was a human being, she
crouched further behind the
shampoo bottle. I, on the
shampoo bottle I, on the
other hand, went to get a
can of Raid.
43. 8. When I returned with the
can of Raid, I pointed it at
the poor spider, wishing for
her death. She, as a result,
death, she, as a result,
started singing even more
beautifully.
44. 9. Did I really want to hurt this
poor creature who sang
such beautiful Spanish love
songs? did IIreally want to
songs, Did really want to
poison her and cause her to
die a slow death behind the
shampoo bottle?
45. 10.This spider was frightful looking,
for she had long hairy legs,
Correct!
bulging eyes, and terrible
pinching jaws, but I decided that
if she would continue singing in
her beautiful manner, I would let
her live on the bathroom window
ledge.
46. Correct
11. Every morning since that
surprising evening, I listen
again!
to my singing spider, who
continues
¡Azucar! to live behind the
shampoo bottle.
47. 12. I brush my teeth to the melodic
voice of a very talented
arachnid while my spider eats
arachnid, my spider eats
whatever unlucky flies get
house. I’ve
trapped in the house, I've
learned to think before I spray
Raid.
48. The End.
Be kind
to
spiders!
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