Thomas Hardy was an English novelist and poet known for his naturalist works set in his native Dorset. Some key themes in his fiction included the struggles of characters against their passions and circumstances in rural countryside settings. He drew from the oral folklore tradition of Dorset in works like Tess of the D'Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure. Hardy also critiqued Victorian society, particularly regarding the role and treatment of women. Though from humble origins, he became a renowned author through his realistic portrayals of rural life and tragedies faced by ordinary people.

1. Thomas Hardy
English novelist and poet of the naturalist movement, whose characters
portrayed with depth in his native Dorset, vainly struggling against their
passions and external circumstances. Born in Higher Bockhampton
(Dorsetshire), 2 June 1840, and educated at local schools and private. His
father, a mason, placed apprentice to a local architect who spent his time
restoring old churches. From 1862 to 1867 he worked for another architect in
London and later in Dorset, he continued in construction, despite his poor
health. Meanwhile he wrote poetry with little success. Then he turned to novels,
and to discover it was easier to sell, from 1874 was kept on writing. That same
year he married his first wife, Emma Gifford, whom he met while working in
Cornwall. Their marriage lasted until her death in 1912, urging him to write his
book of poems The remains of an old flame. These poems, the best he wrote,
describing his meeting and subsequent loss. In 1914 he married a second time
with Florence Dugdale who was his biographer after his death, on 11 January
1928. It is well known by a handful of great novels, among which Far from the
Madding Crowd (1874), his first work of some success, and The Mayor of
Casterbridge (1886). His later novels, Tess of the Urbervilles (1891) and Jude
the obscure (1895), consolidated their style and prestige. Hardy published a
total of 53 stories, of which 37 appeared in four books collection: Wessex Tales
(1888), considered one of his works fundamental, A group of noble ladies
(1891), small ironies of life (1893), and A changed man (1900). Most of his
stories appeared in magazines and newspapers, and some were reviewed in
detail by Hardy before they were part of books. According to experts, the author
wrote them because of their taste for narrative, and he loved telling stories. The
narrators are not entitled to address an audience unless they have rushed to
offer something more than the ordinary experience of every average man or
woman.

2. What are the themes in the fiction of Thomas Hardy? On the one hand, life in
the countryside. For Dickens was considered something of the countryside.
Thus, his home region was literally recreated by him in what he calls the
"kingdom of Wessex, where with a naturalist's eye portrays his characters, their
legends, customs, work that much walking, digging into the archives and talking
to people. For this reason, some of their stories have to do with the supernatural
and folklore, as presented in the oral tradition. Moreover, the problems of
courtship, courtship and marriage are recurring topics in his stories, and also in
his novels. At this level, was forceful in his attack on the patterns of Victorian
society. Especially in regard to the role of women in a sexist society. Much of
this reflects a pretty hard experience. Hardy turns to farmers and rural peasants
where he grew up. Born of humble family but worried about education. His
father was a bricklayer and his mother was a maid. The young Hardy was
working at sixteen. Hardy was a decent performer of the violin and worked as
an assistant architect specializing in restoration of old buildings. Have published
his notes, sketches and maps. Thomas Hardy was otherwise unrelated to the
literary modernism of his time, an author considered anachronistic by many of
his contemporaries. ways of seeing the world certainly makes Hardy a writer of
the twentieth century. the basics for him were the popular accounts of the oral
tradition, and devoted himself to compile them into notebooks. Anecdotes of all
kinds, some humorous and other gruesome, vulgar and some other sublime,
which passed from mouth to mouth, especially in his native Dorset, wound up in
his notebooks, and thence to his novels, stories and poems. Such anecdotes

3. fueled his fiction, especially stories. Hardy lacked a precise concept for his short
stories, which always conceived as "juvenile novels. In fact, his novels
contienenpocos older characters and their arguments are relatively
straightforward, although treated with great intensity and strength.
Summary the Tess de of d´Urbervilles
The clerk of a village, Parson Tringham, tells John Durbeyfield, an honest
farmer, that "Durbeyfields" are actually descendants of the d'Urbervilles, a noble
family, the family lost its land and prestige male heirs when they died . The
cleric Durbeyfield just think that you would like to know its origins as a mere
historical curiosity. Unfortunately, Durbeyfield immediately became obsessed
with the idea of recovering his lost nobility, and use it to somehow increase the
family fortune. The poor state of the family makes John send his daughter,
Tess, to the mansion inhabited by the D'Urbervilles, which they may work as a
favor for the family relationship. But in the mansion who is handling the situation
is the sinister Alec d'Urbervilles, which in turn is glad to meet his beautiful
"cousin" and tries to seduce with roses and strawberries. But Alec is no relation
to Tess, as it has acquired its illustrious name and coat of arms by means of a
purchase. Alec falls in love with Tess, then seduces her and ends up raping her.
Tess leaves home again pregnant, the baby is sick and dies.
After some time, Tess goes to a dairy farm where he began work as a milkmaid.
It's there she meets her true love: a young aspiring missionary who comes from
a respectable family, named Angel Clare. Angel believes that Tess is a country
girl, nothing spoiled and completely innocent. They fall in love each other and
get married, but Tess guiltily confesses not his previous relationship with Alec
until the wedding night. Disillusioned, Angel and Tess rejects is alone again.
Abandoned by her husband, Tess is once again with Alec d'Urerville. At first,
she repels his advances fiercely. But after the death of his father, the
Durbeyfield family is plunged into hard times, having to cope with the lack of
food, eviction and homelessness. Tess is forced to reassume his torrid

4. relationship with Alec, becoming his mistress in order to support her younger
siblings and her mother.
Soon after, Angel Clare returns from his trip abroad. A disastrous mission trip to
Brazil had destroyed his health, had made him more humble and having had
plenty of time to think, is now sorry for having treated like Tess. Tess managed
to find, but leaves heartbroken when he found cohabiting with Alec. Tess
realizes that by letting Alec manipulated and seduced had destroyed their
chances of happiness with Angel. It gives a breakdown and Alec with
murderous rage.
Tess escapes in search of Angel, reconcile, and he can finally accept it and kiss
her as his wife without morally judging by their actions. Consummate their
marriage, happiness spend two nights together running from the law. Tess is
finally captured while sleeping in Stonehenge. At the end explains that she is
convicted and hanged for murder.
Pages internet:
Cuentos y cuentistas Thomas hardy
Wikipedia
Biografia y vida de thomas Hardy
Libro de ingles Tess de Urbervilles