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Survey of WML
1.
Mobile Website Development Survey
of WML Facilitated by: Michael Wakahe Tawi Commercial Services Ltd Jul 2011
2.
Table of Contents
Introduction Hello World Introducing JSP Exercises Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
3.
Introduction Copyright © Tawi
Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
4.
Introduction Copyright © Tawi
Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved. The WAP Stack
5.
Introduction WTP (Wireless
Transaction Protocol) & WDP (Wireless Datagram Protocol) provide low-level glue between the upper levels and the really low-level communications. WTLS (Wireless Transaction Layer Security) provides security services (encryption and authentication). Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
6.
Introduction These protocols
aren't relevant to normal application programmers The second highest level in the stack is the high- level communications protocol, called WSP (Wireless Session Protocol). Provides a complete replacement for HTTP Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
7.
Introduction The highest
stack level is WAE (Wireless Application Environment) This is the part that the user actually sees & interacts The WAE aims to provide a World Wide Web-like model for writing applications Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
8.
Introduction The WAE
incorporates several key features of the Web that we are familiar with, e.g. URLs & MIME content types (such as text/html and image/gif) Additionally it provides similar replacements for other features: HTML is replaced with WML (Wireless Markup Language) & JavaScript is replaced with WMLScript Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
9.
Introduction Almost all
WAP applications can be written without using anything outside of these two languages and WBMP (Wireless Bitmap: the WAP image format) Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
10.
Introduction Copyright © Tawi
Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved. The WAP Chain of Processing
11.
Hello World Copyright ©
Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
12.
Hello World We
will use Eclipse to compose our WML and deploy in the Tomcat ROOT folder Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
13.
Hello World <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE
wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN" "http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml"> <wml> <card title="First WML Example"> <p>Hello, World!</p> </card> </wml> Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
14.
Hello World Note
that all tag names are in lowercase In WML, tag names are case-sensitive A file of WML represents a deck of cards This is the reason for the <card> tag Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
15.
Hello World Each
individual card does behaves very much like an HTML page So you can think of a WML deck as being similar to a number of HTML pages all grouped together Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
16.
Hello World Cards
in a deck are all downloaded at the same time So the user has to wait only once & the others can be accessed almost instantly Cramming too many cards into a single deck is bad practice Ideally maximum of 5 to 6 cards per deck Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
17.
WML Structure Explained Copyright © Tawi
Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
18.
WML Structure Explained Valid
child tags of <wml> are: <head>: Defines document metadata and access control using the <meta> and <access> tags. Zero or one <head> tags are allowed in a document. <card>: Defines a card to display in the browser. One or more <head> tags are allowed in a document. Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
19.
WML Structure Explained
<template>: Defines global event handlers and commands for the deck. Zero or one <template> tags are allowed in a document. Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
20.
WML Structure Explained Valid
child tags of <card> are: <p>: Contains text, images, and links. Most user- accessible and visible content in a WML card is child content of this tag. Zero or more <p> tags are allowed in a card. <pre>: Contains preformatted text. Zero or more <pre> tags are allowed in a card. Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
21.
WML Structure Explained
<do>: Contains commands and actions. Zero or more <do> tags are allowed in a card. <timer>: Activates time-based events. Zero or one <timer> tags are allowed in a card. <onevent>: Specifies tasks based on different card- level events. Zero or more <onevent> tags are allowed in a card. Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
22.
WML Structure Explained Comments: <!--
A simple comment. --> <!--This is a comment that spans several lines.--> Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
23.
WML Structure Explained
Other topics in WML include: Special Characters, Header & Metadata, Text Formatting, Links, Images, Tables, Timers, Variables, User Input, WMLScript Browse to http://learnthemobileweb.com/books for links to WML references and helpful documentation Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
24.
Introducing JSP Copyright © Tawi
Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
25.
Introducing JSP WML
can be mixed with JSP and Servlets Save the following example as a .jsp not as a .wml Deploy to servlet container (Tomcat) Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
26.
Introducing JSP <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE
wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN" "http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml"> <% response.setContentType("text/vnd.wap.wml;charset=UTF-8"); int num1 = 9; int num2 = 12; %> <wml> <card title="First WML Example"> <p>My name is <% out.println("Michael"); %></p> <p>The sum of num1 and num2 is <%= (num1+num2) %></p> </card> </wml> Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
27.
Exercises Copyright © Tawi
Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
28.
Exercises Spot the errors
in the following sample: <wml> <card ID=start title='Example of Invalid WML'> <P>This markup is invalid. </card> </wml> Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
29.
Exercises The WML code
sample above has the following syntax errors: XML declaration is missing. DOCTYPE declaration is missing. ID attribute of <card> tag is uppercase. (Well-formed WML requires lowercase tags.) Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
30.
Exercises Value of
the id attribute of the <card> is not delimited. Value of the title attribute of the <card> tag is delimited with single quotes. <p> tag is uppercase. (Well-formed WML requires lowercase tags.) <p> tag has an open tag but not matching close tag. Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
31.
Exercises Correct version is
as follows: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.3//EN" "http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml13.dtd"> <wml> <card id="start" title="Example of Valid WML"> <p>This markup is valid.</p> </card> </wml> Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
32.
Exercises Write a
WML file that shows the first 7 digits of the Fibonacci Series. Can use JSP and/or servlets. Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
33.
The End Michael Wakahe michael@tawi.mobi +254
(0) 20 239 3052 www.tawi.mobi Copyright © Tawi Commercial Services Ltd. 2015. All Rights Reserved.
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