Cell structure lecture

Review Facts About Living Things

What Are the Main Characteristics of organisms? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Please select a Team. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Which is NOT a characteristic of all living things ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 20

Your heart is an example of ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Cells that work together are ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

One species living in an area is: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Different species living in an area makes a(n): ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Team Scores 0 Team 1 0 Team 2 0 Team 3 0 Team 4 0 Team 5

Team MVP Points Team Participant 0 Team Participant 0 Team Participant 0 Team Participant 0 Team Participant 0 Team Participant 0 Team Participant 0 Team Participant 0 Team Participant 0 Team Participant 0 Team Participant

History of Cells & the Cell Theory Cell Specialization

First to View Cells ,[object Object],[object Object]

Anton van Leeuwenhoek ,[object Object],[object Object]

Beginning of the Cell Theory ,[object Object],[object Object]

CELL THEORY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Who was the first person to see a living cell? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Who was the first person to see a cell? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Who was the first person to state all animals are made of cells? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Discoveries Since the Cell Theory

ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cell Size and Types ,[object Object],[object Object],Animal Cell Plant Cell Bacterial Cell

Number of Cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Which Cell Type is Larger? _________ > _____________ > ___________ Plant cell Animal cell bacteria

How Big is a Micron ( µ ) ? 1 cm = 10,000 microns 1” = 25,000 microns

Factors Affecting Cell Size ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cell Size ,[object Object],[object Object]

Cell Size ,[object Object],About the same size, but … The elephant has MANY MORE cells than a mouse!

Multicellular Organisms ,[object Object]

Cell Specialization ,[object Object],[object Object]

Specialized Animal Cells ,[object Object],Red blood cells Cheek cells

Specialized Plant cells Xylem cells Pollen Guard Cells

Organization Levels of Life Atoms to Organisms

ATOMS  MOLECULES  ORGANELLES Nonliving Levels

CELLS – life starts here TISSUES – Similar cells working together Living Levels  

ORGANS ORGAN SYSTEMS ORGANISM Different tissues working together Different organs working together   More Living Levels

Prokaryotes – The first Cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Prokaryotes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Eukaryotes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Eukaryotic Cell ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells Plant Cell Animal Cell

Organelles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Animal Cell Organelles Nucleolus Nucleus Nuclear envelope Ribosome (attached) Ribosome (free) Cell Membrane Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Mitochondrion Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Centrioles

Cell or Plasma Membrane ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Outside of cell Inside of cell (cytoplasm) Cell membrane Proteins Protein channel Lipid bilayer Carbohydrate chains

Phospholipids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Cell Membrane is Fluid ,[object Object]

Cell Membrane Proteins ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],GLYCOPROTEINS Glycoproteins have carbohydrate tails to act as markers for cell recognition

Cell Membrane in Plants ,[object Object],[object Object],Cell membrane

Cell Wall ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Cell wall

Cell Wall ,[object Object],[object Object]

Cytoplasm of a Cell ,[object Object],[object Object],cytoplasm

More on Cytoplasm ,[object Object],[object Object],cytoplasm

The Control Organelle - Nucleus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

More on the Nucleus ,[object Object],[object Object],Nucleus

Nuclear Envelope ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Nuclear pores

Inside the Nucleus - The genetic material (DNA) is found DNA is spread out And appears as CHROMATIN in non-dividing cells DNA is condensed & wrapped around proteins forming as CHROMOSOMES in dividing cells

What Does DNA do? ,[object Object],Genes that make up the DNA molecule code for different proteins

Nucleolus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cytoskeleton ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cytoskeleton MICROTUBULES MICROFILAMENTS

Centrioles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Centrioles & the Mitotic Spindle ,[object Object]

Mitochondrion (plural = mitochondria) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

MITOCHONDRIA ,[object Object],Folded inner membrane called CRISTAE (increases surface area for more chemical Reactions) Has its own DNA Interior called MATRIX

Interesting Fact --- ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cell Powerhouse ,[object Object],Mitochondrion ( mitochondria )

What do mitochondria do? Burns glucose to release energy (ATP) Stores energy as ATP “ Power plant” of the cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum - ER ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Two kinds of ER ---ROUGH & SMOOTH

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Functions of the Smooth ER ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Endomembrane System Includes nuclear membrane connected to ER connected to cell membrane (transport)

Ribosomes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],

Ribosomes ,[object Object],OR Be free (unattached) in the cytoplasm

Golgi Bodies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Transport vesicle CIS TRANS

Golgi Bodies ,[object Object],Modify, sort, & package molecules from ER for storage OR transport out of cell

Golgi Animation Materials are transported from Rough ER to Golgi to the cell membrane by VESICLES

Lysosomes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Lysosome Digestion ,[object Object],[object Object]

Cilia & Flagella ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cilia & Flagella ,[object Object],[object Object]

Cell Movement with Cilia & Flagella

Cilia Moving Away Dust Particles from the Lungs Respiratory System

Vacuoles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Vacuoles ,[object Object],[object Object]

Contractile Vacuole ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Contractile vacuole animation

Chloroplasts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Chloroplasts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Chloroplasts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Which types of cells do not have a nucleus? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Which types of cells have no membrane bound organelles? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Which types of cells contain chloroplasts? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

In prokaryotes, what makes proteins? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

What part of a cell controls what can get in and out of the cell? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Which organisms do NOT have cell walls? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

What organelle helps keep cell shape and mover organelles? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Which organelle makes cell products and transports them? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Which organelle produces energy for the cell? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

What does the mitochondria store energy as? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages material from the ER? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

What makes proteins in your cells? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Which organelle digests worn out cell parts? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Short hair like structures on cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

The part of a cell where photosynthesis occurs. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

A storage organelle that is much larger in plant cells than animal cells. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 20

Cell structure lecture

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